οἴαξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾱκος, Ion. οἴηξ, ηκος, ὁ, prop. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[handle of rudder]], [[tiller]] (<span class="bibl">Poll.1.89</span>), <b class="b3">πηδαλίων οἴακος ἀφέμενος</b> (cf. [[πηδάλιον]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>272e</span> : generally, [[helm]], οἴακος εὐθυντῆρος ὑστάτου νεώς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>717</span> ; στρέφειν οἴακα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hel.</span>1591</span> : pl., <b class="b3">οἰάκων φύλαξ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1578</span> ; οἴακες εὐπρύμνου νεώς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IT</span>1357</span> ; τὸν οἴακα εἴσω ἄγειν ἢ ἔξω Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.117c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[helm of government]], ἐν πρύμνῃ πόλεως οἴ. νωμῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>3</span> ; πραπίδων οἴ. νέμων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>802</span> (anap.) ; χαλινῶν ἔργον οἰάκων θ' ἅμα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>869</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span> 795</span> ; τὸν οἴ. στρέφει δαίμων ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.4</span> ; τύχης οἴ. <span class="title">IG</span>7.3226.5 (Orchom. Boeot.) ; = [[ὡροσκόπος]], Paul.Al.<span class="title">L.</span>2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in <span class="bibl">Il.24.269</span>, <b class="b3">οἴηκες</b> are prob. [[rings of the yoke]], through which pass the reins for guiding the mules, cf. [[ἕστωρ]].</span>

|etymtx=<b class="b3">ακος</b><br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">handle (bar) of the rudder, rudder</b> (trag., Pl.), <b class="b3">οἴηκες</b> pl. name of a apparatus on the yoke ('handle'?, [[eyes]]?; Ω 269).<br />Other forms: ion. <b class="b3">-ηξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ηκος</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">οἰακο-νόμος</b> m. [[steersman]] (A. in lyr.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 166), as 2. member in <b class="b3">κερ-οίακες</b> (from <b class="b3">κερα(ι)-οίακες</b>) pl. [[rigging of the yardarm]]? (Luc. Nav. 4).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">οἰάκιον</b> (Eust.); adv. <b class="b3">οἰακ-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">after the mannar of an οἴαξ</b> (A.D.); denom. <b class="b3">οἰακ-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">-η-</b>) [[to pilot]], [[to steer]] (ion. att.) with <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> [[steering]] (Trag. Adesp.), <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> (Suid.); <b class="b3">οἰάκ-ωσις</b> [[steering]] (Aq.), from <b class="b3">*οἰακ-όω</b> or directly from noun (cf. Chantraine Form. 279). -- Besides <b class="b3">οἰήϊον</b> n. [[rudder]] (Hom.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [to be added] (<b class="b2">ois-ak-</b>, <b class="b2">h₃eis-</b> <b class="b2">bar?</b><br />Etymology: Instrument-name formed like <b class="b3">πόρπᾶξ</b>, <b class="b3">τρόπηξ</b>, resp. <b class="b3">λαισήϊον</b>, <b class="b3">ἐργαλήϊον</b> a.o. (Chantraine 381 a. 60 f.). The basis of the Greek words was an old noun with unknown stem; an <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem <b class="b2">*oisā-</b> is possible, nut not necessary. The noun seems preserved as Balt. LW [loanword] in Finnougr., e.g. Finn. [[aisa]] <b class="b2">bar of the forked pole (thill)</b> from Balt. <b class="b2">*aisō</b> or <b class="b2">*aisa-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*oisā-</b>, <b class="b2">*oiso-</b>). The Balt. word is again based on a Slav. <b class="b2">s-</b>stem, e.g. Sloven. [[ojê]], <b class="b2">ojês-a</b> <b class="b2">(carriage) pole</b> (further Slav. forms in Vasmer s.<b class="b2">vojé</b>), IE. <b class="b2">*oio</b> \/ <b class="b2">es-</b> n. Besides with zero grade, also lengthened, Skt. <b class="b2">īṣ-ā́</b> f. [[pole]], from which as LW [loanword] Hitt. <b class="b2">hišša-</b>'pole' (s. Kronasser Etymologie 144 against Kammenhuber; borrowing is also denied by Benveniste Hitt. et i.-eur. 13f.). Further combinations, for Greek unimportant, in WP. 1, 167 and Pok. 298 (after Lidén Stud. 60ff., Specht Ursprung 101). -- To be rejected Dumézil BSL 39, 192f. On the meaning of <b class="b3">οἴαξ</b> Meringer WuS 5, 89 ff, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 7 f.; the connection with a ship is a Greek innovation, cf. on [[ἱστός]]. -- Ngr. <b class="b3">δοιάκι</b> (Schwyzer KZ 63, 62). - The suffix <b class="b3">-ακ-</b> rather suggests a Pre-Greek word (which the language may have adapted to nautical use).