νέος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">νέα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">νέη, νέον</b>; Ion. νεῖος (q.v.): [fem. <b class="b3">νέας</b> as monosyll., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>327</span> (lyr.); contr. fem. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> νῆ <span class="bibl">Xenoph.42</span> (= <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>9</span>), Eugaeon (?) <span class="bibl">1</span>]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[young]], [[youthful]] (of children, youths, and of men at least as old as <span class="bibl">30</span>, v. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.35</span>), ν. πάϊς <span class="bibl">Od.4.665</span>; κοῦροι ν. <span class="bibl">Il.13.95</span>; ν. ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">23.589</span>: alone, νέοι [[youths]], <span class="bibl">1.463</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>281</span>, etc.: later mostly with Art., οἱ νέοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1059</span>, etc.: prov., <b class="b3">ὁ ν. ἔσται ν</b>. 'boys will be boys', <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Ep.</span>910.3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ν</b>., corporately organized, <span class="title">SIG</span>831.8 (Pergam., ii A.D.), etc.; opp. <b class="b3">ἔφηβοι, παῖδες</b>, ib.589.38 (Magn.Mae., ii B.C.): opp. γέρων, ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες <span class="bibl">Il.2.789</span>, etc.; ἢ ν. ἠὲ παλαιός <span class="bibl">14.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.395</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">γεραίτερος</b>, <span class="bibl">3.24</span>; opp. <b class="b3">προγενέστερος</b>, <span class="bibl">2.29</span>; opp. <b class="b3">γεραιός</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>1.7</span>; <b class="b3">εὐθὺς ἐκ νέου ἐθίζειν</b> from [[youth upwards]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510d</span>, etc.; ἐκ νέων παίδων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>887d</span>; ἐκ νέων ἐθίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1103b24</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ νέας</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ψυχῆς</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>409a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ν</b>., = [[νεότης]], [[youth]] (in the abstract), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1229</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>545</span>: also in concrete sense, <b class="b3">τὸ ν. ἅπαν</b> all [[young creatures]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>653d</span>; οὐ δύναται τὸ ν. ἡσυχάζειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1340b29</span>; σκιρτητικὸν τὸ ν. <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>20</span>; also, of [[minors]], νέου ὄντος ἔτι <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>; cf. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> rarely of animals and plants, <b class="b3">ὄρπηκες, ἔρνος</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.163</span>; οἱ ν. τῶν νεβρῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[suited to a youth]], [[youthful]], ἄεθλοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.43</span>; ν. θράσος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>744</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ν. φροντίς</b> [[youthful]] spirits, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>48</span>; νέαις ταῖς διανοίαις χρωμένους <span class="bibl">Lys.24.16</span>; of persons, ἄφρων νέος τε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>489</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>378a</span>; ν. τε καὶ ὀξύς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>463e</span> (but διαφέρει οὐδὲν ν. τὴν ἡλικίαν ἢ τὸ ἦθος νεαρός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1095a6</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[new]], [[fresh]], ν. θάλαμος <span class="bibl">Il.17.36</span>; ν. ἄλγος <span class="bibl">6.462</span>; νέῳ… κόλλοπι <span class="bibl">Od.21.407</span> (this sense elsewh. in Hom. only in Adv. <b class="b3">νέον</b>, v. infr.); λίνον <span class="bibl">Alc.15</span> (dub.); πόνοι… νέοι παλαιοῖσι συμμιγεῖς κακοῖς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>740</span> (lyr.), etc.; οἶνος ν. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>916</span>; ἐν τοῖς μουσικοῖς τὰ ν. [μέλη] εὐδοκιμεῖ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ν</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">σελήνη</b>) the [[new]] moon, esp. in phrase <b class="b3">ἕνη καὶ νέα</b>, v. [[ἕνος]] <span class="bibl">2</span>; but <b class="b3">μηνὸς τῇ ν</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμέρᾳ</b>) [[on the first day]] of the month, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>849b</span>; ν. ἦμαρ <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1479</span>: in this sense rarely of persons, ὁ ν. ταγὸς μακάρων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>960</span>; οἱ ν. θεοί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>721</span>; cf. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of events, etc., [[new]], with collat. notion of [[unexpected]], [[strange]], [[untoward]], [[evil]], <b class="b3">τί ν</b>.; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>85</span> (anap.); προσδοκῶ τι γὰρ ν. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>99</span>; <b class="b3">μῶν τι βουλεύῃ ν</b>.; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1229</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">554</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>794</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>362</span>. <span class="bibl">Th.5.50</span>. etc.: ἀπροσδοκήτους καὶ ν. λόγους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>712</span>; καινὰ ν. τ' ἄχη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>665</span> (lyr.): this sense is more common in Comp., v. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> neut. <b class="b3">νέον</b> as Adv. of Time, [[lately]], [[just now]], opp. both to distant past and present, παῖδα ν. γεγαῶτα <span class="bibl">Od.19.400</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.3.394</span>; ν. κρατεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 35</span>,<span class="bibl">955</span>, etc.: also used Adverbially with the Art., <b class="b3">καὶ τὸ πάλαι</b> (v.l. [[παλαιόν]]) καὶ τὸ ν. <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>: in Prose <b class="b3">νεωστί</b> (q.v.): rarely Comp. Adv. <b class="b3">νεωτέρως</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>907c</span>: Sup. νεώτατα [[most recently]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐκ νέας</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">αὖτις ἐκ νέης</b>, [[anew]], [[afresh]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>, <span class="bibl">5.116</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span>. the degrees of Comp. are <b class="b3">νεώτερος, νεώτατος</b>, v. [[νεώτερος]]: <b class="b3">νεαίτερος</b> is corrupt for <b class="b3">νεαίρετος</b> in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>330</span>. (<b class="b3">νέϝος</b> (in <b class="b3">νεϝόστατος</b>, q.v.), cf. Skt. [[návas]], Lat. [[novus]], etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">new, joung, youthful, unusual, unheard</b>; comp forms <b class="b3">νεώτερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (since Il.), also <b class="b3">νέατος</b> in the sense of [[novissimus]], [[last]] (trag.)?, s. <b class="b3">νείατος</b>, <b class="b3">νειός</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[newo]]<br />Compounds: Very often as 1. member, cf. <b class="b3">νεο-γιλλός</b>, <b class="b3">νεο-γν-ός</b>, <b class="b3">νέ-ορτος</b> (s. <b class="b3">ὄρνυμι</b>), <b class="b3">νεοχμός</b> etc.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">νεαρός</b> [[young]], [[youthful]], [[tender]], [[fresh]] (Β 289; on the formation below) with <b class="b3">νεάρωσις</b> f. [[rejuvenation]] (Poet. in PIand. 78, 13). -- 2. <b class="b3">νεό-της</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b>, <b class="b3">-ητος</b> f. <b class="b2">age of youth, youthful spirit, young men</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">-τήσιος</b> [[youthful]] (Ps.-Phok.). -- 3. <b class="b3">νεοίη</b> f. [[youthful thoughtlessness]] (Ψ 604), <b class="b3">νέοιαι ἀφροσύναι</b> H.; after <b class="b3">ἀνοίη</b>, <b class="b3">ἄνοια</b>, s. Wackernagel Unt. 242f.. -- 4. <b class="b3">νέαξ</b>, <b class="b3">-κος</b> m. = <b class="b3">νεανίας</b> (Nicophon, Poll.); Björck Alpha impurum 264 f. -- Adverbs: 5. <b class="b3">νεωστί</b> [[newly]], [[fresh]] (IA.) from <b class="b3">νέως</b> + <b class="b3">τι</b> (Schwyzer 624). -- 6. <b class="b3">νεόθεν</b> [[anew]] (S. OC 1447 [lyr.]). -- Denomin. verbs: 7. <b class="b3">νεάζω</b>, also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, [[be or become young]] (trag., com., Hdt., hell.) with <b class="b3">ἐκνεασμός</b> [[innovation]] (Simp.); <b class="b3">νεασμός</b> [[ploughing a fallow land]] (Gp.), s. <b class="b3">νεάω</b>. -- 8. <b class="b3">νεόω</b> [[make new]] (A.), also = <b class="b3">νεάω</b> (LXX, Poll.) with <b class="b3">νεώματα</b> pl. [[worked fallow land]] (LXX). -- 9. <b class="b3">νεάω</b> [[work fallow land]] (Hes. Op. 462), cf. Lat. [[novālis]] ([[ager]], [[terra]]) [[fallow land]]; besides deriv. from <b class="b3">νε(ι)ός</b> [[fallow land]] (s.v.) is possible. -- 10. <b class="b3">νεώσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> [[renew]] (Hdn., H.); cf. Schwyzer 733. -- 11. <b class="b3">νεωτερίζω</b> <b class="b2">renew, (the state organistion) make innovations</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">νεωτερ-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ισμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ισις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>. -- On <b class="b3">νεανίας</b> s. v.; on the meaning of <b class="b3">νέος</b> Porzig Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 343 ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [769] <b class="b2">*neu̯os</b> [[new]]<br />Etymology: As inherited word <b class="b3">νέος</b> from <b class="b3">νέϜος</b> (<b class="b3">νεϜόστατος</b> Cypr.) is identical with Hitt. <b class="b2">neu̯a-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">náva-</b>, Lat. [[novus]], OCS [[novъ]], Toch. B <b class="b2">ñuwe</b>, A <b class="b2">ñu</b> : IE <b class="b2">*néuos</b> [[new]]. Beside it a <b class="b2">i̯o-</b>deriv. in Skt. <b class="b2">návya-</b>, Germ., e.g. Goth. [[niujis]], Celt., e.g. Gaul. <b class="b2">Novio-dūnum</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">naũjas</b>. Also <b class="b3">νεῖος</b> (only A. R. 1, 125, verse-begin) could agree with this; but it is no more than a metrically lengthened <b class="b3">νέος</b>. An old <b class="b2">r-</b>formation could be <b class="b3">νεαρός</b>, which has an agreement in Arm. [[nor]] [[new]] from <b class="b2">*neu̯erós</b> v.t.; cf. <b class="b3">νηρός</b>. The denominative <b class="b3">νεάω</b> agrees with Lat. [[novāre]] and Hitt. <b class="b2">neu̯ah̯h̯-</b> [[renew]]. The agreement of <b class="b3">νεότης</b> and Lat. [[novitās]], <b class="b3">νέαξ</b> and CSl. [[novakъ]] can result from parallel innovations. -- WP. 2, 324, Pok. 769.