πέπων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ον, gen. ονος : Comp. and Sup. <b class="b3">πεπαίτερος, -τατος</b> :—prop. of fruit, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[cooked by the sun]], [[ripe]], B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>34, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>181</span> ; ἄπιος <span class="bibl">Alex.33.5</span> (Sup.); opp. <b class="b3">ὠμός</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>260</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>19.19</span> ; of wine, [[mellow]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>579</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πέπονα ποιεῖν τινα</b>, by beating him, <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>125. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of abscesses, [[ripe]], [[ready to suppurate]], <span class="bibl">Hermipp. 30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">σίκυος π</b>. a kind of [[gourd]] or <b class="b2">melon, not eaten till quite ripe</b> (whereas the <b class="b3">σίκυος</b> was eaten unripe), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>3.17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Vict.</span>2.55</span>, Pl. Com.64.4, <span class="bibl">Anaxil.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>926b4</span>, <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.120</span>; <b class="b3">πέπων</b> alone distd. from σίκυος, τοὺς σικύους καὶ τοὺς πέπονας <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Nu.</span>11.5</span>, cf. Speus. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.2.68e</span>, Phan.Hist.34, Dsc.2.135, etc.: prov., μαλθακώτερος πέπονος σικύου <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.72</span> ; ἀνὴρ ἐκεῖνος ἦν πεπαίτερος μόρων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>264</span> ; π. ἀπίοιο <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.120</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., as always in Hom. (more freq. in Il. than in Od.), and in Hes., in addressing a person, mostly as a term of endearment or familiarity, [[kind]], [[gentle]], πέπον Καπανηϊάδη <span class="bibl">Il.5.109</span> ; Κύκνε πέπον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>350</span> ; <b class="b3">ὦ πέπον</b> [[good]] brother!, [[gentle]] sir!, <span class="bibl">Il.6.55</span>, <span class="bibl">9.252</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>544</span>, <span class="bibl">560</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κριὲ πέπον</b> my [[pet]] ram (says Polyphemus), <span class="bibl">Od.9.447</span> : Comp., of a <b class="b3">ἑταίρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Xenarch.4.9</span> : in bad sense, ὦ πέπονες <b class="b2">ye weaklings!</b> <span class="bibl">Il.2.235</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[mild]], [[less acrid]], ῥεύματα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>19</span> (Comp.) : hence metaph., [[mild]], [[gentle]], πεπαιτέρα γὰρ μοῖρα τῆς τυραννίδος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1365</span> ; <b class="b3">μόχθος πέπων</b> [[softened]] pain, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>437</span>, etc.: c. dat., <b class="b3">ἐχθροῖσι π</b>. [[gentle]] to thy foes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>66</span>. (Cf. <b class="b3">πέπειρος, πέσσω</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=-ονος<br />Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[ripe]], metaph. [[soft]], [[mild]].<br />Other forms: m. f. (ion. att.; Hom. only voc. <b class="b3">πέπον</b>, s.v.), f. also <b class="b3">πέπειρα</b> (Anacr., Hp., S., Ar.) with new m. <b class="b3">πέπειρος</b> (Hp., Thphr., LXX); comp. a. superl. <b class="b3">πεπαί-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (after <b class="b3">πεπαίνω</b> [Schwyzer 535]?), also <b class="b3">πεπειρό-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (cf. Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 9f. = Kl. Schr. 223f.),<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πεπαίνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">πεπᾶν-αι</b>, <b class="b3">-θῆναι</b> with <b class="b3">-θήσομαι</b>, perf. inf. <b class="b3">πεπάνθαι</b> (Arist.), also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>, [[to make ripe]], [[to ripen]], metaph. [[to mollify]], [[to mellow]], [[to soothe]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">πέπαν-σις</b> f. [[ripening]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[making ripe]] (Hp., Dsc.); backformation <b class="b3">πέπαν-ος</b> (<b class="b3">-ός</b>) [[ripe]] (Paus., Artem.); <b class="b3">πέπανας πλακούντια</b> H. (= <b class="b3">πόπανα</b>, s. <b class="b3">πέσσω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [798] <b class="b2">*pekʷ-</b> [[cook]]<br />Etymology: Old primary formation with <b class="b2">n-</b>suffix from the IE verb for [[cook]], [[make ripe]] (s. <b class="b3">πέσσω</b>); so prob. from IE <b class="b2">*pekʷ-on-</b>; cf. first <b class="b3">πίων</b> (<b class="b3">πέπειρα</b> in any case after <b class="b3">πίειρα</b>). Parallel goes the <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>formation in Skt. <b class="b2">pak-vá-</b>, Pasht. [[pox]] [[cooked]], [[done]], [[ripe]]. Nothing resists connecting <b class="b3">πέπων</b>, if from <b class="b3">*πέπ-Ϝων</b>, directly with this (on the phonetics cf. Schwyzer 301). -- The ep. voc. <b class="b3">πέπον</b> <b class="b2">deer, best !</b> (on it Brunius-Nilsson <b class="b3">Δαιμόνιε</b> [Diss. Uppsala 1955] 55ff.) Specht KZ 55, 18 f. wants to separate it from <b class="b3">πέπων</b> [[ripe]] and connect with Lith. <b class="b2">pẽpinti</b> [[coddle]]; thus on <b class="b3">πεπαίνω</b> in the meaning [[weaken]] Fraenkel Arch. Philol. 7, 21 ff.; all of this strongly doubted and rejected by Fraenkel Wb. s. v. and s. <b class="b2">paĩkas</b>. --Further s. [[πέσσω]].