παχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εῖα (Ion. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> -έα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Superf.</span>21</span>), ύ, [[thick]], [[stout]], χειρὶ παχείῃ <span class="bibl">Il. 5.309</span>, etc. ; παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ <span class="bibl">16.473</span> ; παχὺν αὐχένα <span class="bibl">Od.9.372</span> ; π. πούς <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>497</span> ; of trees, ib.<span class="bibl">509</span> ; ῥίζα <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.3.1</span> ; later of persons, <b class="b3">περὶ σφυρὸν παχεῖα, μισήτη γυνή</b> [[thick]]-ankled, <span class="bibl">Archil.184</span> ; [[fat]], οἱ παχύτατοι τῶν παίδων <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>3.25</span> ; <b class="b3">π. γυνή</b> Id.<span class="title">Superf.</span> l.c.; <b class="b3">χοῖρος π., ὗς π</b>., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>766</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.21</span> : metaph., of soil, [[rich]], [[fertile]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>17.8</span> (Comp.) ; <b class="b3">π. τράπεζα</b> a [[well-spread]] table, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VA</span>3.26</span>. Adv., <b class="b3">παχέως διαιτᾶσθαι</b> ibid. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of inorganic things, [[thick]], [[massive]], π. λᾶας <span class="bibl">Il.12.446</span> ; σκῆπτρον <span class="bibl">18.416</span> ; αὐλὸς αἵματος <span class="bibl">Od.22.18</span> ; θρυαλλίδες <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>59</span> ; πέδαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>435</span> ; <b class="b3">π. δραχμή</b> a [[thick]] drachma, i. e. the Aeginetan, which weighed more than the Attic, <span class="bibl">Poll.9.76</span>, or (Hsch.), = [[δίδραχμον]] ; [[thick]], [[coarse]], opp. λεπτός, ἱμάτιον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>389b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Poll.7.57</span>,<span class="bibl">61</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">χλαῖναν… παχεῖαν ἐπιβαλῶ Λακωνικήν</b> Theopomp. Com.<span class="bibl">10</span> ; of hair, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>502a26</span> ; <b class="b3">π. τὴν σάρκα</b>, of the pig, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.177c</span>. Adv. [[coarsely]], [[roughly]], of stating or arguing, <b class="b3">παχέως ὁρίζεσθαι</b>, prob. for <b class="b3">ταχέως</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1275b25</span> ; <b class="b3">παχύτερον</b> or <b class="b3">-έρως</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>294e</span>, <span class="bibl">295a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of liquids, [[thick]], [[curdled]], [[clotted]], αἷμα <span class="bibl">Il.23.697</span> ; ἀπορρέει… παχὺ καὶ μέλαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span> ; of [[marsh]]water, Hp.Aër.7 ; of urine, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prog.</span>12</span> ; τὸ παχύτερον τῶν γαλάκτων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>521b28</span> ; τὸ παχὺ τῆς δυνάμεως [τῶν οἴνων] <span class="bibl">Ath.1.33b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">τὰ παχέα καλούμενα νοσήματα</b>, of certain diseases supposed to be due to thickened phlegm, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>47</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in Com., [[fat]], [[great]], <b class="b3">π. πρᾶγμα, χάρις</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>1048</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of timbre, [[thick]], opp. <b class="b3">λεπτός</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Aud.</span>803b29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">804a10</span> (Comp.). Adv., κορώνη παχέα κρώζουσα <span class="bibl">Arat.953</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> of speech, [[coarse]], [[heavy]], διάλεκτος παχυτέρα <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>2</span> ; παχύτερος τὴν λέξιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Is.</span>19</span> ; παχύτερον ποιεῖν τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Id.</span>1.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[ample]], of periphrasis, Longin.29.1 (Sup.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> of flame, [[dull]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.9.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οἱ παχέες</b> [[men of substance]], [[the wealthy]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.30</span>,<span class="bibl">77</span>,<span class="bibl">6.91</span> ; τοὺς π. καὶ πλουσίους <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>639</span> ; <b class="b3">ὃς ἂν ᾖ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1139</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀνὴρ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>287</span> ; cf. [[πάχης]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Com. and Prose, <b class="b2">thick-witted, gross, stupid</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμαθὴς καὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>842</span> ; τὸ τῶν παχυτέρων πλῆθος Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.202 S.; <b class="b3">π. καὶ ἠλίθιοι, π. καὶ ἀπαίδευτοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Alex.</span>9</span>,<span class="bibl">17</span> ; ἐς τὰς τέχνας π. καὶ οὐ λεπτοὶ οὐδὲ ὀξέες Hp.Aër.24 ; π. τὴν μνήμην <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.1.10</span> ; π. λόγος Gal.8.606. Adv., παχύτερον ἔχειν τῆς ἀκοῆς <span class="bibl">Hld.5.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> prov., <b class="b3">πηλοῦ παχύτερος</b>, of a dullard, <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">Hist.</span>p.265</span> D. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-έως</b>, v. supr. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Comp. <b class="b3">πάσσων, ον</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.230</span>, <span class="bibl">8.20</span>, <span class="bibl">24.369</span> ; <b class="b3">πᾰχίων, ον</b>, <span class="bibl">Arat.785</span> : Sup. πάχιστος <span class="bibl">Il.16.314</span>, Call.<span class="title">Aet.Oxy.</span> 2079.23 : regul. forms <b class="b3">πᾰχύτερος, πᾰχύτατος</b> (v. supr.). (I.-E. [[bhṇĝhú]]-, cf. Skt. [[bahús]], Lett. [[biezs]] 'thick'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">thick, fat, well-fed, dense, stout</b> (Il.; on the use in Hom. Treu Von Hom. zur Lyr. 47 ff.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">παχυ-μερής</b> [[consisting of thick parts]], [[gross]], [[massive]] (Ti. Locr., Arist.); <b class="b3">ὑπέρ-παχυς</b> [[too fat]] (Hp.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Copar.forms: <b class="b3">πάσσων</b>, only acc. <b class="b3">-ονα</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">πάχ-ιστος</b> (Il., Call.), <b class="b3">-ίων</b> (Arat.), <b class="b3">-ύτερος</b>, <b class="b3">-ύτατος</b> (IA.); Seiler Steigerungsformen 40 f. 2. <b class="b3">πάχετος</b> (rather with the Hp.mss. <b class="b3">-ετός</b>) = <b class="b3">παχύς</b> (θ 187, ψ 191, Hp.); also as subst.n. (Nic., Opp.; also ψ 191 possible), for <b class="b3">*πάχεθος</b> after <b class="b3">μέγεθος</b>? (Benveniste Origines 199); cf. Schwyzer 512, Chantraine Form. 300, Seiler 75. 3. <b class="b3">πάχητες πλούσιοι</b>, <b class="b3">παχεῖς</b> H. (after <b class="b3">πένητες</b>); <b class="b3">Πάχης</b>, <b class="b3">-ητος</b> m. as PN (Th.; Schwyzer 499). 4. <b class="b3">παχυλῶς</b> [[in large draughts]] (Arist.). 5. <b class="b3">πάχος</b> n. [[thickness]], [[strength]], [[force]] (since ι 324). 6. <b class="b3">παχύτης</b> (<b class="b3">-υτής</b>? Wackernagel Phil. 95, 177) f. [[thickness]]. 7. <b class="b3">παχύνω</b>, sporad. w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>, [[to fatten]], [[to batten]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">πάχυν-σις</b> f. [[thickening]], <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[fattening]], [[making fat]] (medic.), <b class="b3">-υσμός</b> m. (Hp.), <b class="b3">-υσμα</b> n. (Aët.). 8. Aor. <b class="b3">παχῶσαι</b> [[to fatten]] (medic., Herm. 33, 343).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [127] <b class="b2">*bʰn̥ǵʰ-</b> [[dende]], [[thick]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">παχύς</b>, if from <b class="b3">*φαχύς</b> (s. [[πῆχυς]]), agrees formally exact Skt. <b class="b2">bahú-</b> [[much]], [[richly]], [[great]], [[extensive]]; from the full grade comp. <b class="b2">báṃhīyān</b> (for which with second. zero grade <b class="b3">πάσσων</b>) the IE base form appears as <b class="b2">*bhn̥ǵh-</b>; from there perh. also Hitt. <b class="b2">panku-</b> [[together]], [[united]], [[general]]. Semant. agrees perfectly Lat. [[pinguis]] [[fatt]], which differs in anlaut; perh. for <b class="b2">*finguis</b> through cross with the old word for [[fatt]] in [[πιμελή]], [[πίων]] (s. vv.); diff. ([[pinguis]] "early Italic") Haas, s. Leumann Glotta 42, 75. One compares further Latv. <b class="b2">bìezs</b> [[dense]], [[thick]] and Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[bingr]] m. <b class="b2">heap, room (for corn etc.)</b>; uncertain Toch. B [[pkante]] (<b class="b2">-atte</b>) [[size]]. -- On parallel innovation rests the comparison Skt. <b class="b2">bahu-lá-</b> [[dense]], [[thick]], [[extensive]] = <b class="b3">παχυ-λῶς</b> (s. above). -- Details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 151, Pok. 127 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pinguis]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bahúḥ</b>, <b class="b2">bahuláḥ</b>.