ἀπηνής: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ές, Ep. Adj. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ungentle]], [[rough]], [[hard]], of persons, <span class="bibl">Il.1.340</span>; ὅτι τοι νόος ἐστὶν ἀ. <span class="bibl">16.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.381</span>; θυμὸς ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il. 15.94</span>; <b class="b3">μῦθον ἀπηνέα τε κρατερόν τε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">202</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.381</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὃς μὲν ἀπηνὴς αὐτὸς ἔη καὶ ἀπηνέα εἰδῇ</b> [[cruel]] himself and full of [[cruel thoughts]], <span class="bibl">19.329</span>.—Rare in Att. (never in Trag.), ὅπως τοῖς ἔξωθεν μηδὲν δείξειαν ἀπηνές <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>974</span> (anap.); ἀπηνές τι εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>257b</span> (but <b class="b3">ἀπηχές</b> (q.v.) Hermias adloc.), cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>950b</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Iamb.</span>1.257</span>; freq. in later Prose, as <span class="bibl">Onos.42.23</span>, Phld.<span class="title">D.</span>3<span class="title">Fr.</span>69, <span class="bibl">D.S.9.24</span>, Plu.2.678b, 970c, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nec.</span>18</span>; τὸ ἐς ἀλλήλους ἀ. <span class="bibl">Procop.<span class="title">Goth.</span>4.35</span>: Comp. -έστερος <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>5.7.4</span>, Adam.2.44: Sup. -έστατος <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>3.26</span>; τοῖς φίλοις <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span> 1.24.8</span>. Adv. -νῶς <span class="bibl">D.Chr.32.53</span>, Plu.2.19b; <b class="b3">πρὸς φίλους ἀπηνῶς ζῆν</b> ib.525d: Comp. -έστερον <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>11.6.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in physical sense, σπλὴν ἀ. [[hard]], <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.12</span>; [[unpleasant to taste]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CA</span>1.5</span>. (Cf. <b class="b3">προσ-ηνής</b>, Goth. [[ansts]] 'favour'.)</span>

|etymtx=-ές<br />Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[unfriendly]], [[hard]] (Il.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Formation like <b class="b3">πρανής</b> (<b class="b3">πρηνής</b>) and <b class="b3">προσηνής</b> (<b class="b3">προσανής</b>), from <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> (<b class="b3">πρό</b>, <b class="b3">πρός</b>) with unknown element. Benfey Or. u. Occ. 1, 193 and others assumed (s. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 246f.) <b class="b3">*ἦνος</b> n. [[face]] (but Skt. <b class="b2">*ānas-</b> does not exist; <b class="b2">ā́nana-</b> n. [[mouth]] is of uncertain interpretation). Blanc CEG 1 connects <b class="b3">ἀναίνομαι</b>; doubtful.