ὄμβρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">storm of rain, thunder-storm</b>, sent by Zeus, ὅτ' ἐπιβρίσῃ Διὸς ὄ. <span class="bibl">Il.5.91</span> ; χειμάρρους . . ὀπαζόμενος Διὸς ὄμβρῳ <span class="bibl">11.493</span> ; ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἂν ἀστράπτῃ πόσις Ἥρης... τεύχων ἢ πολὺν ὄ. κτλ. <span class="bibl">10.6</span> ; of a storm at sea, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>26.4 ; ὄ. λάβρος <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.12</span> ; dist. fr. <b class="b3">ὑετός</b> or common rain, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>394a31</span> ; but sts., [[heavy rain]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.98</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>146</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Tr.</span>78</span> : in pl., [[rains]], ὄ. πολλοὶ καὶ λάβροι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.81</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>350</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[water]], as an element, μήτε γῆ, μήτ' ὄ. ἱερός, μήτε φῶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1428</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Emp.98.2</span>,<span class="bibl">21.5</span> : f.l. for [[ὄλβος]] in <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>953</span> ; ὄ. ἀναγκαῖοι [[urine]], <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>4.443</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[inundation]], τῶν παρακειμένων ὑδάτων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>61</span> ([[b]]).<span class="bibl">133</span> (ii B.C.), al. ; ὀχετοὺς ἀγαγεῖν οἳ ἄξουσιν τὸν ὄ. εἰς τὰς ἐξαγωγούς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>383.13</span>(iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., [[storm]], [[shower]], <b class="b3">ἐν πολυφθόρῳ Διὸς ὄ</b>., of a battle, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).49</span> ; δέδοικα δ' ὄμβρου κτύπον . . τὸν αἱματηρόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1533</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">μέλας ὄ. χάλαζά θ' αἱματοῦσσ'</b> (<b class="b3">χαλάζης αἵματος</b> codd.) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1279</span> ; ὄμβρῳ δακρυόεντι <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>16.345</span> ; πυρὸς ὄμβροι <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>3.22</span> ; ἡδὺς ὄ. ἀοιδῆς <span class="title">AP</span>9.364 (Nestor).</span><br /><span class="bld">ὄμβρος</span> (B)<b class="b3">· χοιρίδιον</b>, Hsch. (Cf. <b class="b3">ὄβρια</b>.)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rain]], [[shower]], [[thunder rain]], also [[rainwater]], metaph. [[water]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ὀμβρο-φόρος</b> [[bringing rain]] (A., Ar.); often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἔπ-</b>, <b class="b3">κάτ-ομβρος</b> [[rainy]], [[wet because of rain]] (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 108f., 145).<br />Derivatives: Several adj.: <b class="b3">ὄμβρ-ιος</b> [[belonging to rain]], [[like rain]] (Pi., Ion.), <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> [[wet]] (Hes.), <b class="b3">-ηλός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Theognost.: cf. <b class="b3">ὑδρηλός</b> and Chantraine Form. 242), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[abundant in rain]] (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Vett. Val.), <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> = [[belonging to rain]], [[rainy]] (Nic. Th. 388, v.l., PMag. Lond.; Arbenz 25); also <b class="b3">ἀνομβρήεις</b> [[abundant in rain]] (Nic. Al. 288, <b class="b3">Ὄλυμπος</b>, from <b class="b3">ἀν-ομβρέω</b>; cf. below). -- Subst. <b class="b3">ὀμβρία</b> f. [[rain]] (sch.; cf. <b class="b3">ἀντλία</b>, <b class="b3">ὑετία</b> a.o., Scheller Oxytonierung 54f.). -- Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ὀμβρέω</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b>, also with <b class="b3">ἀν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to (make) rain, to bewet</b> (Hes., LXX, A. R.) with (<b class="b3">ἐπ-)όμβρησις</b> f. <b class="b2">raining etc.</b> (Suid., sch.), <b class="b3">ὄμβρημα</b> n. [[rainwater]] (LXX); 2. <b class="b3">ὀμβρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Eust.); 3. <b class="b3">ὀμβροῦται</b> [[imbricitur]] (Gloss.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ὄμβρος</b> one compares first Lat. [[imber]], <b class="b2">-ris</b> -n. <b class="b2">rain(shower)</b> with the same meaning with perh. second. <b class="b2">i-</b>flexion; Further, with slightly deviating meaning, Skt. <b class="b2">abhrá-m</b> n. [[cloud]]. One assumed that <b class="b3">β</b> after nasal could represent an aspirate, which is wrong (pace Schwyzer 333), so <b class="b2">abhra-</b> must be left out (for [[imber]] also <b class="b2">*embhro-</b> is possible). One assumed in these words an <b class="b2">r-</b>stem and beside it an <b class="b2">s-</b>stem, which was seen in Skt. <b class="b2">ámbhas</b> n. [[water]], also [[rainwater]] [for the same reason Arm. [[amb]], [[amp]], gen. <b class="b2">-oy</b> [[cloud]] must be left out.] -- There is no connection with <b class="b3">νέφος</b>, <b class="b3">νεφέλη</b> etc. -- Further several Europ. rivernames of Celt. origin(?) have been compared with <b class="b3">ὄμβρος</b>, e.g. NHG [[Amper]], Engl. [[Amber]]. -- So wrong Pok. 315f. - So <b class="b3">ομβρος</b> has no etymology; Szemerenyi, Syncope 241f, 249 assumes a loanword (= a Pre-Greek word).