οὐδείς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fem. [[οὐδεμίᾰ]] (never nom. acc. <b class="b3">-μίη, -μίην</b>, since [[οὐδεμιῇ]] is prob. in Call.<span class="title">Aet.Oxy.</span>2080.56, rarely <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> οὐδ' ἴα Sapph.69, <span class="bibl">Mosch.4.40</span>), neut. [[οὐδέν]] (declined and accentuated like [[εἷς]], μία, ἕν), [[not one]], i.e. [[no one]], [[none]], used by Hom., Hes., and Pi. (who prefer [[οὔτις]]) only in neut. nom. and acc. [[οὐδέν]], exc. in the phrase τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων <span class="bibl">Il.22.459</span>, al.; [[οὐδείς]] is found in B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>28; but all genders and cases are common in all other writers, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>,<span class="bibl">33</span>, etc.: rare in pl., [[no set]] of persons or things, <span class="bibl">And.1.23</span> (dub. cj.), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>3.1</span>; πρὸς οὐδένας τῶν Ἑλλήνων <span class="bibl">D.18.23</span> (v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl">19.31</span>,66,312, <span class="bibl">24.214</span>, <span class="bibl">27.7</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδένων εἰσὶ βελτίους</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">οὔ τινων ἄλλων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.17</span> (cf. οὐδενὸς βελτίους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>324d</span>): dat. pl. οὐδέσιν <span class="bibl">Paus.3.24.3</span>; for another sense of the pl., v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.3</span>.—In Ion. the pl. is usu. [[οὐδαμοί]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐ. ὅστις οὐ</b> [[every one]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.72</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ</b> [[every]], <span class="bibl">Id.5.97</span>; this came to be regarded as one word, so that [[οὐδείς]] passed into the same case as ὅστις, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ κατέκλασε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>117d</span>; οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὐ πάντων ἂν… πατὴρ εἴην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 317c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">323b</span>; οὐδενὶ ὅτῳ οὐκ ἀποκρινόμενος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>70c</span>; so οὐ. ὃς οὐχὶ… ὀνειδιεῖ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>373</span>; οὐδὲν γὰρ… οὔτ' αἰσχρὸν οὔτ' ἄτιμόν ἐσθ', ὁποῖον οὐ… οὐκ ὄπωπ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> later <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι</b> without [[οὐ]], = [[nothing]], οὐδὲν ὅ τι παρήσω Agath.<span class="title">Praef.</span>p.137 D., al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις οὐδείς</b> [[not one]], ἐτεθνήκεσαν δὲ αὐτῶν μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς τετρακοσίους, Ρωμαίων δὲ ὅστις οὐδείς <span class="bibl">Id.5.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[naught]], [[good for naught]], ὦ νῦν μὲν οὐ. αὔριον δ' ὑπέρμεγας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>187.5</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν [γένος ἀνδρῶν] οὐδέν</b> <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.3</span>: freq. in neut., <b class="b3">οὐδὲν εἰδώς</b> knowing [[naught]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.141</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Fr.</span>391</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄρ' ᾔστην οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δάκνειν</b> knew [[nothing]] save how to... <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>19</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν λέγειν</b> to say [[naught]], v. [[λέγω]] (B) III. <span class="bibl">6</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ οὐδ' οὐδέν</b> the absolute [[nothing]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>180a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in neut., of persons, οὐδέν εἰμι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>951</span>, etc.; οὐδὲν εἶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>144</span>; πρὸς τὸν οὐδέν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 598</span>; τὸ μηδὲν εἰς οὐδὲν ῥέπει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>532.2</span>; ᾧ ἀνεμέσητον… οὐδενὶ εἶναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>175e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in pl., <b class="b3">οὐδένες ἐόντες ἐν οὐδαμοῖσι ἐοῦσι Ἕλλησι</b> being [[nobodies]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.58</span>; ὄντες οὐδένες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>700</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>371</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ μηδὲν ὢν κἀξ οὐδένων κεκλήσομαι</b> dub. cj. in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>594</span>; οὐ γὰρ ἠξίου τοὺς μηδένας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1114</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> with Preps., παρ' οὐδὲν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>983</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν, θέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>35</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>732</span>; δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>584</span>; ἐν οὐδενὸς εἶναι μέρει <span class="bibl">D.2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τὸ οὐδέν</b> [[naught]], [[zero]], in Arith., <span class="bibl">Nicom.<span class="title">Ar.</span>2.6</span>; used by Democritus as a name for Place, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>208</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> neut. [[οὐδέν]] as Adv., [[not at all]], [[naught]], ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐ. ἔτισεν <span class="bibl">Il.1.412</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.370</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.22</span>, etc.; so οὐδέν τι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.42</span>, etc.; οὐ. τι πάντως <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.65</span>: in answers, [[nothing]], [[never mind]], [[no matter]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>64</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>781</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 694</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέν γε</b> [[not at all]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1360</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν μᾶλλον, οὐδὲν ἧσσον, οὐδὲν ὕστερος</b>, v. [[μάλα]] <span class="bibl">11.5</span>, ἥσσων <span class="bibl">111</span>, ὕστερος A. I. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἤ</b>, v. [[ἄλλος]] III. 2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> REMARKS: the more emphatic and literal sense, [[not even one]], i.e. [[none whatever]], belongs to the full form, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ εἷς, οὐδὲ μία, οὐδὲ ἕν</b>, which is never elided, even in Com. (v. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>927</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>1045</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>138</span>, <span class="bibl">1115</span>), but freq. has a Particle inserted between, cf. οὐδέ B.—Zen. (in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>639.17</span>) and others wrongly assume [[οὐδείς]] as a compd. not of [[οὐδέ]] and [[εἷς]], but of [[οὐ]] and [[δείς]] (q. v.). (Later [[οὐθείς]], q. v.)</span>