δέκα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: numeral<br />Meaning: [[ten]] (Il.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἕν-</b>, <b class="b3">δώ-</b>, also <b class="b3">δυώ-</b>, <b class="b3">δυό-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Inherited (s. below) [[δέκατος]] (Arc. Lesb. [[δέκοτος]] cf. Arc. [[δυώδεκο]]) [[tenth]]; f. [[δεκάτη]] (sc. [[μερίς]]) [[the tenth]] (Ion.-Att.) with [[δεκατεύω]] [[exact tithe]] (Ion.-Att.), with [[δεκάτευμα]] (Call.), [[δεκάτευσις]] (D. H.), [[δεκατεία]] (Plu.), [[δεκατευτής]] (Harp.) and [[δεκατευτήριον]] [[customhouse]] (X.); rare [[δεκατόω]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ep. Hebr.); [[δεκατός]] [[sentenced to a fine of one tenth of ones property]] (Cyren.), haplol. for <b class="b3">δεκα[τω]τός</b> or <b class="b3">δεκα[τευ]τός</b>; - [[δεκάτη]] (sc. [[ἡμέρα]]) <b class="b2">the tenth day of the month or after the birth of a child, when the name-giving occurred</b> (Ion.-Att.) with [[δεκαταῖος]] (Pl.) and [[δεκατισταί]] (Bithynia; s. Chantr. Form. 318f.). - [[δεκάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">decade, groop of ten, esp. soldiers</b>, [[δεκαδεύς]] [[member of a decade]] (X.) also [[president of a college of ten men]] (Trozen), [[δεκαδικός]] (Herm. Alex. in Phdr.), [[δεκαδιστής]], <b class="b3">-ίστρια</b> (Delos) = [[δεκατιστής]]; Thphr. Char. 27, 11 (s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 71). - [[δεκανός]] [[decurio]], [[surveyor]] with [[δεκανία]], [[δεκανικός]] (pap., cf. Mayser pap. 12 : 3, 88), Macedonian (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 401 n. 2). - Isolated denomin. [[δεκάζω]] <b class="b2">bribe (the judges)</b> (Att.) s.v. with [[δεκασμός]] (D. H.)s. Oldfather P.-W. 13, 2398f. - Uncertain OAtt. [[δεκᾶν]] (IG 12, 919).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [191] *deḱm̥ [[ten]].<br />Etymology: Gr. [[δέκα]], Lat. [[decem]], Skt. <b class="b2">dáśa</b> a.o. from IE <b class="b2">*déḱm</b>. Beside it a collektive <b class="b2">t-</b>formation (Sommer Zum Zahlwort 21 n. 1; also on [[δεκάκις]], <b class="b3">-ιν</b>) in Skt. <b class="b2">daśát</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">dẽšimt</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętь</b>, Alb. <b class="b2">djetë</b> [[ten]], also in the ordinals [[δέκατος]], Lith. <b class="b2">dešim̃tas</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętъ</b>, Goth. [[taihunda]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*déḱm̥tos</b> (but s. Meillet BSL 29, 29f.). Lat. [[decimus]], Skt. <b class="b2">daśamá-</b> however from <b class="b2">*dḱm̥mos</b>. - Collective [[δεκάς]] is a Greek innovation: on the suffix (= Hitt. <b class="b2">-ant</b>\/<b class="b2">d-</b>) Sommer Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 4, 1ff. - Lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[decem]]; also Brandenstein Die erste idg. Wanderung (Wien 1936) 22. S. also [[εἴκοσι]] and [[ἑκατόν]].