νέος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[νέα]], Ion. [[νέη]], [[νέον]]; Ion. νεῖος ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): [fem. [[νέας]] as monosyll., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>327</span> (lyr.); contr. fem. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> νῆ <span class="bibl">Xenoph.42</span> (= <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>9</span>), Eugaeon (?) ''1'']: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[young]], [[youthful]] (of children, youths, and of men at least as old as <span class="bibl">30</span>, v. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.35</span>), ν. πάϊς <span class="bibl">Od.4.665</span>; κοῦροι ν. <span class="bibl">Il.13.95</span>; ν. ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">23.589</span>: alone, νέοι [[youths]], <span class="bibl">1.463</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>281</span>, etc.: later mostly with Art., οἱ νέοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1059</span>, etc.: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">ὁ ν. ἔσται ν</b>. 'boys will be boys', <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Ep.</span>910.3</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ν</b>., corporately organized, <span class="title">SIG</span>831.8 (Pergam., ii A.D.), etc.; opp. [[ἔφηβοι]], [[παῖδες]], ib.589.38 (Magn.Mae., ii B.C.): opp. γέρων, ἠμὲν νέοι ἠδὲ γέροντες <span class="bibl">Il.2.789</span>, etc.; ἢ ν. ἠὲ παλαιός <span class="bibl">14.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.395</span>, etc.; opp. [[γεραίτερος]], <span class="bibl">3.24</span>; opp. [[προγενέστερος]], <span class="bibl">2.29</span>; opp. [[γεραιός]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>1.7</span>; <b class="b3">εὐθὺς ἐκ νέου ἐθίζειν</b> from [[youth upwards]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510d</span>, etc.; ἐκ νέων παίδων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>887d</span>; ἐκ νέων ἐθίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1103b24</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ νέας</b> (sc. [[ψυχῆς]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>409a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ν</b>., = [[νεότης]], [[youth]] (in the abstract), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1229</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>545</span>: also in concrete sense, <b class="b3">τὸ ν. ἅπαν</b> all [[young creatures]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>653d</span>; οὐ δύναται τὸ ν. ἡσυχάζειν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1340b29</span>; σκιρτητικὸν τὸ ν. <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>20</span>; also, of [[minors]], νέου ὄντος ἔτι <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>; cf. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> rarely of animals and plants, [[ὄρπηκες]], [[ἔρνος]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.163</span>; οἱ ν. τῶν νεβρῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[suited to a youth]], [[youthful]], ἄεθλοι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.43</span>; ν. θράσος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>744</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">ν. φροντίς</b> [[youthful]] spirits, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>48</span>; νέαις ταῖς διανοίαις χρωμένους <span class="bibl">Lys.24.16</span>; of persons, ἄφρων νέος τε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>489</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>378a</span>; ν. τε καὶ ὀξύς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>463e</span> (but διαφέρει οὐδὲν ν. τὴν ἡλικίαν ἢ τὸ ἦθος νεαρός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1095a6</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[new]], [[fresh]], ν. θάλαμος <span class="bibl">Il.17.36</span>; ν. ἄλγος <span class="bibl">6.462</span>; νέῳ… κόλλοπι <span class="bibl">Od.21.407</span> (this sense elsewh. in Hom. only in Adv. [[νέον]], v. infr.); λίνον <span class="bibl">Alc.15</span> (dub.); πόνοι… νέοι παλαιοῖσι συμμιγεῖς κακοῖς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>740</span> (lyr.), etc.; οἶνος ν. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>916</span>; ἐν τοῖς μουσικοῖς τὰ ν. [μέλη] εὐδοκιμεῖ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.38</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ν</b>. (sc. [[σελήνη]]) the [[new]] moon, esp. in phrase <b class="b3">ἕνη καὶ νέα</b>, v. [[ἕνος]] <span class="bibl">2</span>; but <b class="b3">μηνὸς τῇ ν</b>. (sc. [[ἡμέρᾳ]]) [[on the first day]] of the month, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>849b</span>; ν. ἦμαρ <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1479</span>: in this sense rarely of persons, ὁ ν. ταγὸς μακάρων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>960</span>; οἱ ν. θεοί <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>721</span>; cf. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of events, etc., [[new]], with collat. notion of [[unexpected]], [[strange]], [[untoward]], [[evil]], <b class="b3">τί ν</b>.; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>85</span> (anap.); προσδοκῶ τι γὰρ ν. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>99</span>; <b class="b3">μῶν τι βουλεύῃ ν</b>.; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1229</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">554</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>794</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>362</span>. <span class="bibl">Th.5.50</span>. etc.: ἀπροσδοκήτους καὶ ν. λόγους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>712</span>; καινὰ ν. τ' ἄχη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>665</span> (lyr.): this sense is more common in Comp., v. [[νεώτερος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> neut. [[νέον]] as Adv. of Time, [[lately]], [[just now]], opp. both to distant past and present, παῖδα ν. γεγαῶτα <span class="bibl">Od.19.400</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.3.394</span>; ν. κρατεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 35</span>,<span class="bibl">955</span>, etc.: also used Adverbially with the Art., <b class="b3">καὶ τὸ πάλαι</b> (v.l. [[παλαιόν]]) καὶ τὸ ν. <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>: in Prose [[νεωστί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): rarely Comp. Adv. [[νεωτέρως]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>907c</span>: Sup. νεώτατα [[most recently]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐκ νέας</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">αὖτις ἐκ νέης</b>, [[anew]], [[afresh]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>, <span class="bibl">5.116</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span>. the degrees of Comp. are [[νεώτερος]], [[νεώτατος]], v. [[νεώτερος]]: [[νεαίτερος]] is corrupt for [[νεαίρετος]] in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>330</span>. ([[νέϝος]] (in [[νεϝόστατος]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]), cf. Skt. [[návas]], Lat. [[novus]], etc.)</span>

|sltr=[[νέος]] (-ος, -ον, -οι, -ων, -οις（ι), -οι; -α, -ᾳ, -αν, -αις, -αισι（ν); -ον acc.: comp. νεωτέρων; -ον nom., acc.: superl. νεώτατον acc.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[young]], [[youthful]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>I</b> of [[people]]. φύονται δὲ καὶ νέοις ἐν ἀνδράσιν πολιαὶ (O. 4.25) [[νέων]] οὐλίαις αἰχμαῖσιν [[ἀνδρῶν]] (O. 13.23) [[κεῖνος]] γὰρ ἐν παισὶν [[νέος]] (P. 4.281) νέαισίν τε παρθένοισι [[μέλημα]] (P. 10.59) τὸ δὲ νέαις ἀλόχοις ἔχθιστον [[ἀμπλάκιον]] (P. 11.25) ὁ δ' [[ἄρα]] γέροντα ξένον Στροφίον ἐξίκετο, [[νέα]] κεφαλά (Heyne: [[νέα]]（ι) κεφαλᾶ（ι) codd.: [[Orestes]]) (P. 11.35) ἐν παισὶ νέοισι [[παῖς]] (N. 3.72) [[ἔνθα]] βουλαὶ γερόντων καὶ [[νέων]] [[ἀνδρῶν]] ἀριστεύοισιν αἰχμαί fr. 199. pro subs., [[young]] men, ἐν ἀοιδᾷ [[νέων]] (P. 5.103) ὀπὶ [[νέων]] ἐπιχώριον [[χάρμα]] κελαδέων (N. 3.66) Κλεάνδρῳ [[τις]] ἁλικίᾳ τε [[λύτρον]] εὔδοξον, ὦ νέοι, καμάτων ἀνεγειρέτω κῶμον (I. 8.1) ἰὴ ἰῆτε [[νῦν]], μέτρα παιηόνων ἰῆτε, νέοι (Pae. 6.122) [[νέων]] δὲ μέριμναι σὺν πόνοις εἱλισσόμεναι [[δόξαν]] εὑρίσκοντι fr. 227. 1.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>II</b> of things, of a [[young]] [[man]], of [[young]] men νέοις ἐν ἀέθλοις τιμώμενος (O. 2.43) υἱὸν [[εἴπῃς]] [[ὅτι]] οἱ νέαν ἐστεφάνωσε κυδίμων ἀέθλων πτεροῖσι χαίταν (O. 14.22) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[new]] [κᾶδός τε τιμάσαις [[νέον]] (Bergk: ἑὸν codd.) (O. 7.5) ] νέᾳ δ' εὐπραγίᾳ [[χαίρω]] τι (P. 7.18) τὸ δ' ἐν [[ποσί]] μοι τράχον [[ἴτω]] τεὸν [[χρέος]], ὦ παῖ, νεώτατον [[καλῶν]] (P. 8.33) ὁ δὲ [[καλόν]] τι [[νέον]] λαχὼν (P. 8.88) νέαισί θ' ἑορταῖς ἰσχύος τ [[ἀνδρῶν]] ἁμίλλαις ἄμφαινε κυδαίνων πόλιν (N. 9.11) καὶ πτερόεντα [[νέον]] σύμπεμψον ὕμνον (I. 5.63) ἢ γαῖαν κατακλύσαισα θήσεις [[ἀνδρῶν]] [[νέον]] ἐξ ἀρχᾶς [[γένος]]; (Pae. 9.20) comp., αἴνει δὲ παλαιὸν μὲν [[οἶνον]], ἄνθεα δ' ὕμνων νεωτέρων (O. 9.49) n. s. pro adv., [[newly]], [[ἐπεὶ]] κτίσθη [[νέον]] (sc. [[Ἴλιος]]) (O. 8.37) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> comp., newer, i. e. [[stranger]], [[more]] disturbing “[[ἄμμιν]] μή τι νεώτερον ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀναστάῃ [[κακόν]]” (v. l. ἀναστάσῃς) (P. 4.155) ἐλαύνεις τε νεώτερον ἢ [[πάρος]]; (Pae. 9.6) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> fragg. ]ς νεωτερο[ Πα. 13d. 5. νέαι[ Δ. 2. 5.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[new]], [[joung]], [[youthful]], [[unusual]], [[unheard]]; comp forms [[νεώτερος]], <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (since Il.), also [[νέατος]] in the sense of [[novissimus]], [[last]] (trag.)?, s. [[νείατος]], [[νειός]].<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[newo]]<br />Compounds: Very often as 1. member, cf. <b class="b3">νεο-γιλλός</b>, <b class="b3">νεο-γν-ός</b>, <b class="b3">νέ-ορτος</b> (s. [[ὄρνυμι]]), [[νεοχμός]] etc.<br />Derivatives: 1. [[νεαρός]] [[young]], [[youthful]], [[tender]], [[fresh]] (Β 289; on the formation below) with [[νεάρωσις]] f. [[rejuvenation]] (Poet. in PIand. 78, 13). -- 2. <b class="b3">νεό-της</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b>, <b class="b3">-ητος</b> f. <b class="b2">age of youth, youthful spirit, young men</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">-τήσιος</b> [[youthful]] (Ps.-Phok.). -- 3. [[νεοίη]] f. [[youthful thoughtlessness]] (Ψ 604), <b class="b3">νέοιαι ἀφροσύναι</b> H.; after [[ἀνοίη]], [[ἄνοια]], s. Wackernagel Unt. 242f.. -- 4. [[νέαξ]], <b class="b3">-κος</b> m. = [[νεανίας]] (Nicophon, Poll.); Björck Alpha impurum 264 f. -- Adverbs: 5. [[νεωστί]] [[newly]], [[fresh]] (IA.) from [[νέως]] + [[τι]] (Schwyzer 624). -- 6. [[νεόθεν]] [[anew]] (S. OC 1447 [lyr.]). -- Denomin. verbs: 7. [[νεάζω]], also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, [[be or become young]] (trag., com., Hdt., hell.) with [[ἐκνεασμός]] [[innovation]] (Simp.); [[νεασμός]] [[ploughing a fallow land]] (Gp.), s. [[νεάω]]. -- 8. [[νεόω]] [[make new]] (A.), also = [[νεάω]] (LXX, Poll.) with [[νεώματα]] pl. [[worked fallow land]] (LXX). -- 9. [[νεάω]] [[work fallow land]] (Hes. Op. 462), cf. Lat. [[novālis]] ([[ager]], [[terra]]) [[fallow land]]; besides deriv. from <b class="b3">νε(ι)ός</b> [[fallow land]] (s.v.) is possible. -- 10. [[νεώσσω]], <b class="b3">-ττω</b> [[renew]] (Hdn., H.); cf. Schwyzer 733. -- 11. [[νεωτερίζω]] <b class="b2">renew, (the state organistion) make innovations</b> (Att.) with <b class="b3">νεωτερ-ισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ισμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ισις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>. -- On [[νεανίας]] s. v.; on the meaning of [[νέος]] Porzig Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 343 ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [769] <b class="b2">*neu̯os</b> [[new]]<br />Etymology: As inherited word [[νέος]] from [[νέϜος]] ([[νεϜόστατος]] Cypr.) is identical with Hitt. <b class="b2">neu̯a-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">náva-</b>, Lat. [[novus]], OCS [[novъ]], Toch. B <b class="b2">ñuwe</b>, A <b class="b2">ñu</b> : IE <b class="b2">*néuos</b> [[new]]. Beside it a <b class="b2">i̯o-</b>deriv. in Skt. <b class="b2">návya-</b>, Germ., e.g. Goth. [[niujis]], Celt., e.g. Gaul. <b class="b2">Novio-dūnum</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">naũjas</b>. Also [[νεῖος]] (only A. R. 1, 125, verse-begin) could agree with this; but it is no more than a metrically lengthened [[νέος]]. An old <b class="b2">r-</b>formation could be [[νεαρός]], which has an agreement in Arm. [[nor]] [[new]] from <b class="b2">*neu̯erós</b> v.t.; cf. [[νηρός]]. The denominative [[νεάω]] agrees with Lat. [[novāre]] and Hitt. <b class="b2">neu̯ah̯h̯-</b> [[renew]]. The agreement of [[νεότης]] and Lat. [[novitās]], [[νέαξ]] and CSl. [[novakъ]] can result from parallel innovations. -- WP. 2, 324, Pok. 769.

|ftr='''νέος''': {néos}<br />'''Forms''': myk. ''ne''-''wo''; Steigerungsformen [[νεώτερος]], -τατος (seit Il.), auch [[νέατος]] im Sinn von [[novissimus]], [[letzter]] (Trag.)?, s. [[νείατος]], [[νειός]].<br />'''Meaning''': [[neu]], [[jung]], [[jugendlich]], [[ungewöhnlich]], [[unerhört]], [[schlimm]];<br />'''Composita''' : Überaus oft als Vorderglied, vgl. [[νεογιλλός]], [[νεογνός]], [[νέορτος]] (s. [[ὄρνυμι]]), [[νεοχμός]] usw.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: 1. [[νεαρός]] [[jung]], [[jugendlich]], [[zart]], [[frisch]] (seit Β 289; zur Bildung unten) mit [[νεάρωσις]] f. [[Verjüngung]] (Poet. in ''PIand''. 78, 13). — 2. [[νεότης]], dor. -τας, -ητος f. [[Jugendalter]], [[jugendlicher Sinn]], [[junge Mannschaft]] (seit Il.), -τήσιος [[jugendlich]] (Ps.-Phok. u.a.). — 3. [[νεοίη]] f. [[jugendliche Unbedachtsamkeit]] (Ψ 604), νέοιαι· ἀφροσύναι H.; nach ἀνοίη, [[ἄνοια]], s. Wackernagel Unt. 242f.. — 4. [[νέαξ]], -κος m. = [[νεανίας]] (Nikophon, Poll.); BjörckAlpha impurum 264 f. — Adverbia: 5. [[νεωστί]] [[neu]], [[frisch]], [[neulich]] (ion. att.) aus [[νέως]] + τι (Schwyzer 624). — 6. [[νεόθεν]] [[von neuem]] (S. ''OC'' 1447 [lyr.]). — Denominative Verba: 7. [[νεάζω]]. auch m. Präfix, z.B. ἀνα-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, ‘jung sein od. werden’ (Trag., Kom., Hdt., hell. u. sp.) mit [[ἐκνεασμός]] [[Erneuerung]] (Simp.); [[νεασμός]] [[Bestellung des Brachfeldes]] (Gp.), s. [[νεάω]]. — 8. [[νεόω]] [[neu machen]] (A. in lyr. u.a.), auch = [[νεάω]] (LXX, Poll.) mit νεώματα pl. [[bestellte Brachfelder]] (LXX). — 9. [[νεάω]] [[ein Brachfeld bestellen]] (Hes. ''Op''. 462 usw.), vgl. lat. ''novālis'' (''ager'', ''terra'') [[Brachfeld]]; daneben kommt Ableitung von νε(ι)ός [[Brachfeld]] (s.d.) ernst in Betracht. — 10. [[νεώσσω]], -ττω [[neuern]] (Hdn., H.); vgl. Schwyzer 733. — 11. [[νεωτερίζω]] ‘neuern, (im Staatswesen) Neuerungen machen’ (att.) mit [[νεωτερισμός]], -ισμα, -ισις, -ιστής, -ικός. — Zu [[νεανίας]] s. bes.; zur Bed. von [[νέος]] Porzig Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 343 ff.<br />'''Etymology''' : Als Erbwort ist [[νέος]] aus νέϝος ([[νεϝόστατος]] kypr.) mit heth. ''neu̯a''-, aind. ''náva''-, lat. ''novus'', aksl. ''novъ'', toch. B ''ñuwe'', A ''ñu'' identisch: idg. *''néuos'' [[neu]]. Daneben eine ''i̯o''-Bildung in aind. ''návya''-, germ., z.B. got. ''niujis'', kelt., z.B. gall. ''Novio''-''dūnum'', lit. ''naũjas''. Auch [[νεῖος]] (nur A. R. 1, 125, Versanfang) könnte dazu stimmen; es ist aber offenbar nichts als ein metrisch gedehntes [[νέος]]. Eine alte ''r''-Bildung ist [[νεαρός]], die in arm. ''nor'' [[neu]] aus *''neu̯erós'' o.a. ein Gegenstück hat; vgl. [[νηρός]]. Das denominative [[νεάω]] deckt sich mit lat. ''novāre'' und mit heth. ''neu̯aḫḫ''- [[erneuern]]. Ebenso entsprechen einander [[νεότης]] und lat. ''novitās'', [[νέαξ]] und ksl. ''novakъ'' [[Neuling]]; wenigstens in diesen beiden Fällen sind parallele Neubildungen anzunehmen. — WP. 2, 324, Pok. 769; weitere Einzelheiten mit reicher Lit. auch in den betreffenden Spezialwörterbüchern.<br />'''Page''' 2,306-307