περ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortd. form of [[περί]] (q. v.) in the sense of <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[very much]], [[however much]].—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> [[all]] shortlived as I am, <span class="bibl">Il.1.352</span> ; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">587</span> ; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης <span class="bibl">3.201</span> : mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> [[however]] brave thou art, <span class="bibl">1.131</span>, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.164</span>; κύνεός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">9.373</span>; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">343</span>; μέγαν π. ἐόντα <span class="bibl">5.625</span>: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>55</span>(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1068</span> : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.1.546</span> ; γυνή π. οὖσα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1043</span> : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής <span class="bibl">Il.2.246</span> : with [[καί]] preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών <span class="bibl">15.195</span>, etc.: with the part. [[ὤν]] omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> [[however]] shrewd, <span class="bibl">16.638</span>; κρατερός π. <span class="bibl">21.63</span> ; <b class="b3">χερείονά π</b>. <span class="bibl">17.539</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1084</span> : with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π</b>. [[however]] eager, <span class="bibl">Il.17.292</span> ; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved [[though]] he was for... <span class="bibl">8.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π</b>. more pitiable [[by far]], <span class="bibl">24.504</span> ; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π</b>. for a [[very]] little, <span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">13.573</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.391</span> ; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π</b>. first [[of all]], <span class="bibl">14.295</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π</b>. <span class="bibl">8.353</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.80</span> : to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… π</b>. not [[even]], not [[at all]], οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει <span class="bibl">Il.21.130</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.201</span>, <span class="bibl">11.841</span>, <span class="bibl">21.410</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">3.236</span> ; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι <span class="bibl">11.441</span> ; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.10.70</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα <span class="bibl">17.712</span>; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν <span class="bibl">21.308</span> : esp. [[at any rate]], <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour ([[whatever else]]) he owed me, <span class="bibl">1.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.236</span>, <span class="bibl">17.121</span>,<span class="bibl">239</span> ; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">8.242</span> : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> [[at all events]], <span class="bibl">1.508</span> : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π.… ἐλέαιρε <span class="bibl">9.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.796</span>, <span class="bibl">12.349</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π</b>. [[just]] when, <span class="bibl">Il.4.259</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος… π</b>. <span class="bibl">11.86</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>301</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π</b>. before [[even]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.588</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. [[just]] because, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.186</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> after [[καί]], v. [[καίπερ]].</span><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for [[περί]].