ξανθός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[yellow]], of various shades, freq. with a tinge of red, [[brown]], [[auburn]], λαμπρὸν ἐρυθρῷ λευκῷ τε μειγνύμενον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>68b</span>; ἔστι δὲ τὸ ξ. ἐν τῇ ἴριδι χρῶμα μεταξὺ τοῦ τε φοινικοῦ καὶ πρασίνου χρώματος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>375a11</span>; ξανθὸν ἐρεύθεσθαι <span class="title">AP</span>12.97 (Antip.) : in Ep. mostly used of [[fair]], [[golden]] hair, <b class="b3">ξ. κόμη, χαίτη</b>, of Achilles, <span class="bibl">Il.1.197</span>, <span class="bibl">23.141</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. τρίχες</b>, of Odysseus, <span class="bibl">Od.13.399</span>,<span class="bibl">431</span>; <b class="b3">κάρη ξ. Μενέλαος</b> (but usu. [[ξ]]. M. alone) <span class="bibl">15.133</span>; also of women, ξ. Ἀγαμήδη <span class="bibl">Il.11.740</span>; Ἀριάδνη <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>947</span> (but <b class="b3">ξ. Δημήτηρ</b> [[golden]] corn, <span class="bibl">Il.5.500</span>, etc.) ; so later, of Helen, <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>13.5</span>; of Athena and the Graces, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.7</span>, <span class="bibl">5.54</span>; of Harmonia, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>834</span> (lyr.) (but in later Gr. of complexion, <span class="bibl">Cleom.2.1</span>) ; of dyed hair, τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν σώφρον' οὐ δεῖ τὰς τρίχας ξ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Men.610</span>; also of horses, [[bay]], ἵππων ξ. κάρηνα <span class="bibl">Il.9.407</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.680</span>; ξ. πῶλοι Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>8.14, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>705</span>; βοῶν ξανθὰς ἀγέλας <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>4.149</span>; ξ. λέων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>237</span>; πώλου δίκην, ἥ τις… θέρος θερισθῇ ξανθὸν αὐχένων ἄπο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>659.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> after Hom. of all kinds of objects, ἄρτοι ξ. <span class="bibl">Xenoph.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">ξανθῶν σπονδὰς μελιτῶν</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Emp. 128.7</span>; ἴων ξ. ἀκτῖνες <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.55</span>; <b class="b3">ξ. νεφέλα</b>, of gold, ib.<span class="bibl">7.49</span>; μέλι <span class="bibl">Simon.47</span>; φλόξ B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>3.4 ; ἀκτῖνες πυρός <span class="bibl">Sopat.13</span>; ἐλαία <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>617</span>; of wine, ξ. Ἀφροδισία λάταξ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>277</span> (lyr.) ; of a roast pigeon, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>1106</span>; <b class="b3">ξανθαῖσιν αὔραις ἀγάλλεται</b> exults in its [[yellow]] fragrance, of a fried fish, <span class="bibl">Antiph.217.22</span> : in Medic., freq. of bile, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>19</span>, etc. : Comp. -ότερος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>617a</span> : Sup. -ότατος, βόστρυχοι <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 189</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[Ξάνθος]], parox., as pr. n., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> a stream of the Troad, so called by gods, by men Scamander, <span class="bibl">Il.20.74</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> a horse of Achilles, [[Bayard]], the other being [[Βαλίος]], [[Piebald]], <span class="bibl">16.149</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> name of a man, <span class="bibl">D.H.1.28</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> fem., a city of Lycia, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.176</span>, etc.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[yellow]], [[goldyellow]], [[reddish]], [[brownish]], [[blond]], of hairs (Il.), also of other objects (posthom.); on the meaning Capelle RhM 101, 21 f.; myk. <b class="b2">ka-sa-to</b> als EN, vgl. Gallavotti Par. del Pass. 12, 10f.<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kasato]] as PN, cf. Gallavotti Par. del Pass. 12, 10f.<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ξανθο-κόμης</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) [[blondhaired]] (Hes., Pi.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-ξανθος</b> [[almost yellow]], [[yellowish]] (X., Thphr.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 105) beside <b class="b3">ἐπι-ξανθίζομαι</b> [[become yellowish]], [[brornish]] (Pherecr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[Ξάνθος]] m. name of a river, a town, a person, a horse (Il., with opposit. accent); 2. [[ξάνθη]] f. name of a yellow stone (Thphr.); 3. [[ξάνθιον]] n. name of a plant, which was used to make hairs blond (Dsc., Gal.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 23); 4. [[ξανθότης]], <b class="b3">-ητος</b> f. [[yellow colour]], [[blindness]] (Str.); 5. Denomin. verbs: a. [[ξανθίζω]] 'make, be [[ξ]].' (Com., LXX) with <b class="b3">ξάνθ-ισις</b>, <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> [[yellow coloured]] (medic.), [[ξανθίσματα]] ([[κόμης]], [[χαίτης]]) [[blond curls]] (E. Fr. 322, AP) ; b. [[ξανθόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b> 'besome, paint [[ξ]].' (Dsc.) with [[ξάνθωσις]] (Ps.-Democr. Alch.); c. [[ξανθύνομαι]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Thphr.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Unexplained. On the proposed, in any case very remote cognateship with Lat. [[cānus]] <b class="b2">grey(white)</b> s. W.-Hofmann s.v., also WP. 1, 358, Pok. 533. Little value has the comparison with Etr. [[zamθic]] supposedly [[of gold]] (Brandenstein P.-W. 7 n, 1919), with which Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 202 wants to draw also [[Σκάμανδρος]]. -- Cf. [[ξουθός]]. The word may be Pre-Greek.