σχάζω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to make an incision, to tear open, to open a vein, to let (the blood) flow, to let something take its course, to release, to drop, to abandon</b> (Hp., X., Arist. etc.).<br />Other forms: Also [[σχάω]] (Hp., com., Arist. a.o.), mostly aor. [[σχάσαι]] (Pi., B., Hp., E., com., X., Arist., hell. a. late) with pass. <b class="b3">σχασθ-ῆναι</b>, fut. pass. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, act. [[σχάσω]], perf. midd. [[ἔσχασμαι]] (in [[ἐσχασμένη]] as plantname; Strömberg 43).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b><br />Derivatives: 1. [[σχάσις]] (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>) f. <b class="b2">the tearing, blood-letting, release</b> (medic., Ph. Bel.). 2. [[σχάσμα]] (<b class="b3">κατά-</b>) n. [[incision]], [[release]] (Hp., Dsc., Ph. Bel.). 3. <b class="b3">κατα-σχασμός</b> m. [[draft]] (medic.). 4. [[σχαστήρ]] = Lat. [[tendicula]] (gloss.); <b class="b3">κατασ[χ]αστήρ</b> meaning unknown (IG 11: 2, 165, 11 [Delos IIIa]). 5. <b class="b3">σχαστηρ-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">trigger, release in mechanisms etc.</b> (Arist., Ph. Bel., Hero, Plb. etc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 58 n. 4); <b class="b3">-ιον</b> n. [[lancet]] (Hippiatr.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [cf. 919] <b class="b2">*skeh₂-</b>? [[split]]?<br />Etymology: As orig. meaning is above assumed as usual [[make an incision]], [[tear open]], from where <b class="b2">open, let loose etc.</b>; the word would be esp. characteristic for the language of the physician. Also a basic meaning <b class="b2">let loose, free v. t.</b> sceems however possible, while the usual professional expression <b class="b3">φλέβα σχάσαι</b> in MLG [[āderlāten]] <b class="b2">let (flow) from the vein</b> would get a direct agreement. -- As the whole formal system is clearly built on the aor. [[σχάσαι]], from which [[σχάζω]], [[σχάω]] as well as all other verbal and nominal forms, the etymolog has to start from this. A certain non-Greek agreement has not been found. Since Fick 1, 143 a. 567 [[σχάω]] is generally compared (Bq, WP. 2, 541 f., Pok. 919f., W.-Hofmann s. [[sciō]]) a.o. with Skt. [[chyati]] (<b class="b2">anu-</b>, <b class="b2">ava-</b>, <b class="b2">vi-</b> etc.), ptc. <b class="b2">chā-ta-</b>, <b class="b2">chi-tá-</b>, caus. <b class="b2">chāy-áyati</b> (IE <b class="b2">*skeh₂-</b>, <b class="b2">*skh₂i̯-</b>) <b class="b2">split, hurt, esp. of the skin</b> (on the meaning Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 19, 61 ff., on phonetics Hiersche Ten. asp. 103 f., 214f.). To this semant. certainly unobjectionable connection it should be remarked, that of the Skt. verb non-present finite forms, e.g. the full grade <b class="b2">s-</b>aorist <b class="b2">a-chā-s-it</b>, occur only in the grammarians. The further combinations (s. the lit. above), e.g. with Lat. [[sciō]], are no less hypothetic. -- So [[σχάσαι]] Greek innovation (perh. through cross of [[σχίσαι]] and [[ἐάσαι]], [[χαλάσαι]] v.t.)? Note that <b class="b3">σχ-</b> cannot be directly explained from the assumed IE form.