χρῆμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό: ([[χράομαι]]):—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[need]], in the phrase [[παρὰ χρῆμα]] or [[παραχρῆμα]] (q. v.); a [[thing]] that one [[need]]s or [[use]]s, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.9</span> sq. (pl.): hence in pl., [[goods]], [[property]] (χρήματα λέγομεν πάντα ὅσων ἡ ἀξία νομίσματι μετρεῖται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1119b26</span>), <span class="bibl">Od.2.78</span>, <span class="bibl">203</span>, al. (never in Il.), <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>320</span>, <span class="bibl">407</span>, etc.; of [[temple]]-[[treasure]]s, [[heirloom]]s, etc., <span class="title">Mnemos.</span> 57.208 (Argos, vi B. C.); τὰ ἱρὰ χρήματα τῆς Ἀθηναίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.81</span>; θησαυρούς . . ἄλλα τε χρύσεα ἄφατα χρήματα <span class="bibl">Id.7.190</span>; πολλῶν χ. ἐξαίρετον ἄνθος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>954</span>; πειρῶ τὸν πλοῦτον χρήματακαὶ κτήματα κατασκευάζειν· ἔστι δὲ χ. μὲν τοῖς ἀπολαύειν ἐπισταμένοις, κ. δὲ τοῖς κτᾶσθαι δυναμένοις <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.28</span>; τοῖς σκεύεσι καὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἀποθήκη <span class="bibl">Th.6.97</span>; [[πρόβατα]] καὶ ἄλλα χρήματα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἀνδράποδα . . καὶ χρήματα τὰ πλεῖστα ἀπέδρα αὐτούς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.8.12</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">χρήματα ψυχὴ πέλεται . . βροτοῖσι</b> a man's [[money]] is his [[life]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>686</span>; [[χρήματ' ἄνηρ]] = '[[money makes the man]]', <span class="bibl">Alc.49</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.11</span>; ἐν χρήμασιν οἰκεῖ πατρώοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>757</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>135</span>; also χρημάτων πένητες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>37</span>; τὰ χρήματ' ἐνεχυράζομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>241</span>; χρήματα πορίζειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ec.</span>236</span>; ἄτιμοι ἦσαν τὰ σώματα, τὰ δὲ χ. εἶχον <span class="bibl">And.1.74</span>; χρημάτων ἥσσων <span class="bibl">Democr.50</span>; χρημάτων κρείσσων <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>; <b class="b3">χρήμασι νικώμενος</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">χρημάτων ἀδωρότατος</b> ib. <span class="bibl">65</span>; ἐλπίδα χρήμασιν ὠνητήν <span class="bibl">Id.3.40</span>; μήτε χρημάτων φειδομένους μήτε πόνων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>78a</span>; ζημιοῦσθαι χρήμασιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>721b</span>; even of debts, διαλῦσαι τὰ χρήματα <span class="bibl">D.20.12</span>; δεθέντ' ἐπὶ χρήμασιν ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ <span class="bibl">Id.24.168</span>.—Acc. to <span class="bibl">Poll.9.87</span> the Ion. used also the sg. in this sense, and so we find, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ κόσῳ ἂν χρήματι</b> . .; for how much [[money]] . . ? Answ. <b class="b3">ἐπ' οὐδενί</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.38</span>; [[ταύτην]] (sc. <b class="b3">τὴν χλανίδα</b>) <b class="b3">πωλέω μὲν οὐδενὸς χ. δίδωμι δὲ ἄλλως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">139</span>; also in <span class="bibl">Thgn.197</span>, <b class="b3">χ. δ' ὃ μὲν Διόθεν καὶ σὺν δίκῃ ἀνδρὶ γένηται;</b> in Att., <b class="b3">οὐδενὸς ἂν χ. δεξάμενοι</b> at no [[price]], <span class="bibl">And.2.4</span>; and in later Prose, [[fund]], [[sum]] of [[money]], Arch. f. Religionswiss.<span class="bibl">10.211</span> (Cos, ii B. C.); τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ χ. <span class="bibl">D.S.13.106</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>4.37</span>, Luc.<span class="title">VH</span>1.20; χρήματα [[merchandise]], <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 90</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.74</span>; [[property]], [[substance]], Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 (Cyrene). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[thing]], [[matter]], [[affair]], especially in Ep. and Ion., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>332</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>344</span>,<span class="bibl">402</span>; χρημάτων ἄελπτον οὐδέν <span class="bibl">Archil. 74</span>; πάντων χ. δικαιότατον <span class="bibl">Mimn.8</span>; πρῶτον χρημάτων πάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.145</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ πάντων χ</b>. on every [[account]], <span class="bibl">And.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">δεινότατον ἁπάντων χρημάτων</b> ib.''1''; <b class="b3">πᾶν χ. ἐκίνεε</b> 'left no stone unturned', <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.96</span>; <b class="b3">τεκμαίρει χρῆμ' ἕκαστον</b> 'deeds show the man', <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.74</span>; πάντων χ. μέτρον ἄνθρωπος <span class="bibl">Protag.1</span>; <b class="b3">περαίνεται τὸ χρῆμα</b> the [[issue]] is being decided, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>47</span>: pl., simply, [[things]], ὁμοῦ πάντα χ. ἦν Anaxag.1, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>440a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>294d</span>, <span class="bibl">Plot.4.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[χρῆμα]] is freq. expressed where it might be omitted, δεινὸν χ. ἐποιεῦντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.16</span>; <b class="b3">οἷόν τι χ. ποιήσειε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">138</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς ἀφανὲς χ. ἀποστέλλειν ἀποικίην</b> to send out a colony without any certain [[destination]], <span class="bibl">Id.4.150</span>; freq. in Trag., <b class="b3">τί χρῆμα;</b> = [[τί]]; [[what]]? τί χ. λεύσσω; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>300</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>10</span>; or [[why]]? <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>512</span>; so in gen., <b class="b3">τοῦ χ</b>. (sc. [[ἕνεκα]]); <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1223</span>; τί χρῆμα δρᾷς; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>288</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1231</span>; τί χρῆμα πάσχει; <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hipp.</span>909</span>; [[τί δ' ἐστὶ χρῆμα]]; what is the [[matter]]? <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>885</span>; πικρόν τί μοι δοκεῖ χ. εἶναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>485b</span>; ἡδύ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>209e</span>, al.; <b class="b3">μάλιστα χρημάτων</b> most of [[anything]], i. e. [[certainly]], Anon.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1611.68 (iii A. D.); cf. χρέος 11.2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> used in periphrases to express something strange or extraordinary of its kind, <b class="b3">ὑὸς χ. μέγα</b> a huge [[monster]] of a boar, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.36</span>; ἦν τοῦ χειμῶνος χ. ἀφόρητον <span class="bibl">Id.7.188</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ χρῆμα τῶν νυκτῶν ὅσον</b> what a [[business]] the nights are! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">λιπαρὸν τὸ χρῆμα τῆς πόλεως</b> what a grand city! <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>826</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>83</span>; <b class="b3">κλέπτον τὸ χρῆμα τἀνδρός</b> a thievish [[sort]] of fellow, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>933</span>; τὸ χρῆμα τοῦ νοσήματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1085</span>; <b class="b3">μακάριον . . λέγεις τυράννου χ</b>. your [[tyrant]]-[[creature]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 567e</span>; χ. θαυμαστὸν γυναικός <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ant.</span>31</span>: without a gen., ἔλαφον, καλόν τι χ. καὶ μέγα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.8</span>; <b class="b3">σοφόν τοι χρῆμ' ἄνθρωπος</b> truly a clever [[creature]] is he! <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.83</span>; <b class="b3">κοῦφον χ. ποιητής ἐστιν καὶ πτηνὸν καὶ ἱερόν</b>, of the poet, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>534b</span>; <b class="b3">χρῆμα καλόν τι</b> such a fine [[thing]]! <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.23</span>; also in a periphrastic use, <b class="b3">οὐδὲν χ. τοῦ ἀγκῶνος κάμψαι δύνανται</b> cannot bend the elbow [[at all]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>42</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> so, to express a great number or mass, as we say, a [[deal]], a [[heap]] of... <b class="b3">πολλόν τι χ. τῶν τέκνων, χ. πολλὸν ἀρδίων, νεῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.109</span>, <span class="bibl">4.81</span>, <span class="bibl">6.43</span>; χ. πολλόν τι χρυσοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.3.130</span>; σμικρὸν τὸ χρῆμα τοῦ βίου <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>953</span>; <b class="b3">ὅσον τὸ χρῆμα παρνόπων</b> what a [[lot]] of [[locust]]s! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>150</span>; ὅσον τὸ χρῆμα τοῦ πλακοῦντος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1219</span>; πολὺ χ. τεμαχῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>894</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ χρῆμα τῶν κόπων ὅσον</b> what a [[lot]] of them! <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1278</span>; τῶν λαμπάδων ὅσον τὸ χρῆμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>281</span>; also of persons, [[χρῆμα θηλειῶν]] = [[womankind]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 198</span>; σφενδονητῶν πάμπολύ τι χ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.5</span>; μέγα χ. Λακαινᾶν <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.4</span>: without a gen., <b class="b3">ὅσον τὸ χρῆμα ἐπὶ δεῖπνον ἦλθε</b> what a [[crowd]] . . ! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1192</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> ([[χράω]] (B) A) [[oracle]], <span class="bibl">Emp.115.1</span>.</span>

|mdlsjtxt=[[χρῆμα]], ατος, τό, [[χράομαι]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[thing]] that one uses or needs: in pl. [[goods]], [[property]], [[money]], [[gear]], [[chattels]], Od., Hes., etc.; πρόβατα καὶ ἄλλα χρ. Xen.; [[κρείσσων]] χρημάτων [[superior]] to [[money]], i. e. [[incorruptible]], Thuc.; χρημάτων ἀδωρότατος Thuc.:—[[rare]] in sg. in [[this]] [[sense]], ἐπὶ κόσῳ χρήματι; for how [[much]] [[money]]? Answ. ἐπ' οὐδενί, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]], a [[thing]], [[matter]], [[affair]], [[event]], Hes., Hdt.; κινεῖν πᾶν [[χρῆμα]] "to [[leave]] no [[stone]] [[unturned]], " Hdt.:—of a [[battle]], an [[affair]], Plut.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[χρῆμα]] is often expressed [[where]] it [[might]] be omitted, δεινὸν χρ. ἐποιεῦντο Hdt.; ἐς ἀφανὲς χρ. ἀποστέλλειν ἀποικίαν to [[send]] out a [[colony]] without any [[certain]] [[destination]], Hdt.; τί [[χρῆμα]]; like τί; [[what]]? τί [[χρῆμα]] δρᾷς; Soph.; τί [[χρῆμα]] [[πάσχω]]; τί δ' ἐστὶ [[χρῆμα]]; [[what]] is the [[matter]]? Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> used in periphrases to [[express]] [[something]] [[strange]] or [[extraordinary]], [[μέγα]] συὸς [[χρῆμα]] a [[monster]] of a [[boar]], Hdt.; τὸ χρ. τῶν νυκτῶν [[ὅσον]] [[what]] a [[terrible]] [[length]] the nights are, Ar.: λιπαρὸν τὸ χρ. τῆς πόλεως [[what]] a [[grand]] [[city]]! Ar.; [[κλέπτον]] τὸ χρ. [[τἀνδρός]] a [[thievish]] [[sort]] of [[fellow]], Ar.; σοφόν τοι χρῆμ' [[ἄνθρωπος]] [[truly]] a [[clever]] [[creature]] is he! Theocr.:—so, to [[express]] a [[great]] [[number]], as we say, a lot, a [[deal]], a [[heap]], πολλόν τι χρ. τῶν [[ὀφίων]], χρ. πολλὸν [[νεῶν]] Hdt.; [[ὅσον]] τὸ χρ. παρνόπων [[what]] a lot of locusts! Ar.; [[ὅσον]] τὸ χρ. πλακοῦντος Ar.; τὸ χρ. τῶν κόπων [[ὅσον]] [[what]] a lot of them! Ar.; —also of persons, [[χρῆμα]] θηλειῶν [[woman]] [[kind]], Eur.; [[μέγα]] χρ. Λακαινᾶν Theocr.