ἀλκή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, (cf. [[ἀλέξω]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[strength]] as displayed in action, [[prowess]], [[courage]], poet. word (also in Hdt., Th., and later Prose, <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr. 103b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1115b4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1338a20</span>, etc.), in Hom. joined with σθένος <span class="bibl">Il.17.212</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.22.237</span>; with μένος <span class="bibl">Il.9.706</span>; with ἠνορέη <span class="bibl">Od.24.509</span>; ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">Il.8.262</span>; φρεσὶν εἱμένος ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">20.381</span>; δύεσθαι ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">9.231</span>:—later, χερὸς ἀλκᾷ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).100</span>; θηρία ἐς ἀλκὴν ἄλκιμα <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.110</span>: generally, [[force]], [[might]], συνῆψαν ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>683</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἀλκήν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ σύνεσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr. <span class="title">Tact.</span>12.11</span>: in plural, [[feats of strength]], [[bold deeds]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.12</span>, <span class="bibl">B.10.126</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>933</span>, Hierocl.<span class="bibl">p.33.61A.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[strength to avert danger]], [[defence]], [[help]], Διὸς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.15.490</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">8.140</span>; οὐδέ τις ἀ. <span class="bibl">Od.12.120</span>, <span class="bibl">22.305</span>; <b class="b3">ποῦ τις ἀ</b>.; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>546</span>; ἀ. βελέων <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>1151</span>; δορός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1098</span>: also <b class="b3">ὰ. τινος</b> [[defence]] or [[aid against]] thing, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 201</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.96</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>218</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλκὴν ποιεῖσθαι</b> give [[aid]], [[OC]]<span class="bibl">459</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τιθέναι</b> make a [[defence]], ib. <span class="bibl">1524</span>; [[ἐς]] or <b class="b3">πρὸς ἀ. τρέπεσθαι</b> turn [[and resist]], stand on [[one's guard]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">3.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>; στρέψας πρὸς ἀ. <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>1149</span>; ἐς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>421</span>; ἀλκῆς μεμνῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.70</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν οἷς ἐστιν ἀ</b>. where they can [[defend themselves]], Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[battle]], [[fight]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>498</span>,<span class="bibl">569</span>, <span class="bibl">878</span> codd., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>264</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0099.png Seite 99]] ἡ, Hom. dat. [[ἀλκί]], Aeolisch, immer ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς Versende, Iliad. 5, 299. 13, 471. 17, 61. 728. 18, 158 Od. 6, 130, ἀλκῖ Od. 24, 509; – a) Stärke, Körperkraft, Od. 9, 214. 514 μεγάλην ἐπιειμένον ἀλκήν, 17, 315 ταχυτῆτα καὶ ἀλκήν, Iliad. 19, 161 [[πάσασθαι]] σίτου καὶ οἴνοιο· τὸ γὰρ [[μένος]] ἐστὶ καὶ [[ἀλκή]], 17, 212 πλῆσθεν δ' ἄρα οἱ [[μέλε]]' ἐντὸς ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος, 13. 330 φλογὶ εἴκελον ἀλκήν. 17, 281 συῒ [[εἴκελος]] ἀλκήν, 13, 786 ἀλκῆς δευήσεσθαι, 6, 265 μή μ' ἀπογυιώσῃς, μένεος δ' ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι, Od. 22, 237 σθένεός τε καὶ ἀλκῆς πειρήτιζεν; – Pind. χερός Ol. 11, 105, γεύεται [[ἀλκᾶς]] ἀπειράντου P. 9, 36; Tragg., ἀλκῇ πεποιθώς Aesch. Ch. 234; [[τρισώματος]] [[ἀλκή]] Eur. Ion 204 ch., von der Chimära. – b) geistige Stärke. Müth, Herzhaftigkeit, Iliad. 20, 381 φρεσὶν [[εἱμένος]] ἀλκήν, 17. 499 ἀλκῆς καὶ σθένεος πλῆτο φρένας, 16, 157 τοῖσίν τε περὶ φρεσὶν [[ἄσπετος]] [[ἀλκή]], 3, 45 οὐκ ἔστι βίη φρεσίν, [[οὐδέ]] τις [[ἀλκή]], 4, 245 οὐδ' ἄρα [[τίς]] σφι μετὰ φρεσὶ γίγνεται [[ἀλκή]], 16, 753 ἑή τέ μιν ὤλεσεν [[ἀλκή]], Od. 24, 509 ἀλκῇ τ' ἠνορέῃ τε κεκάσμεθα; übrigens ist Muth u. Körperkraft bei Hom. nicht strenge geschieden, so daß man bei φρεσὶν [[εἱμένος]] ἀλκήν auch an den Körper, bei πλῆσθεν μέλεα ἀλκῆς auch an den Geist denken muß, ἐκ τοῦ παρεπομένου; – Pind. φρενῶν [[ἀλκή]] N. 3, 39, wo Böckh [[ἀκμή]] lies't; Tyrt. 3, 9; αἰδεσθέντες ἀλκάν, Muth ehrend, muthig, Pind. P. 4, 173; [[τίς]] ἀλκὴτὸνθανόντ'ἐπικτανεῖν, was gehört dazu für Muth, Soph. Ant. 1017; u. in Prosa, Thuc. 6, 34; Xen. Hell. 4, 8, 18, Sp. – c) Abwehr, Schutzwehr, Beistand, Vertheidigung; Angriff, insofern er zur Vertheidigung dient; Iliad. 4, 234 μή πώ τι μεθίετε θούριδος άλκῆς, 418 καὶ νῶι μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς, 8, 174 μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, 11, 313 λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς, 15, 527 εὖ εἰδότα θούριδος ἀλκῆς, Od. 2, 61 λευγαλέοι τ' ἐσόμεσθα καὶ οὐ δεδαηκότες ἀλκήν, Iliad. 7, 164 θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν, 9, 231 εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν, 15, 250 ἔπαυσε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς, 17, 181 ἦ τινὰ καὶ Δαναῶν ἀλκῆς, [[μάλα]] περ μεμαῶτα, σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος, 21, 578 καὶ περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένη οὐκ ἀπολήγει ἀλκῆς, 15, 490 [[ῥεῖα]] δ' [[ἀρίγνωτος]] Διὸς ἀνδράσι γίγνεται [[ἀλκή]], 8, 140 ἦ οὐ γιγνώσκεις ὅ τοι ἐκ Διὸς οὐχ ἕπετ' [[ἀλκή]], 13, 48 ἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μηδὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο, 21, 528 κλονέοντο [[πεφυζότες]], [[οὐδέ]] τις ἀλκὴ γίγνετο, Od. 22, 305 [[οὐδέ]] τις ἀλκὴ γίγνεται οὐδὲ [[φυγή]], 12, 120 [[οὐδέ]] τις ἔστ' [[ἀλκή]]· φυγέειν κάρτιστον ἀπ' αὐτῆς, Iliad. 17, 42 ἀλλ' οὐ μὰν ἔτι δηρὸν [[ἀπείρητος]] [[πόνος]] ἔσται [[οὐδέ]] τ' [[ἀδήριτος]], ἤτ' ἀλκῆς ἤτε φόβοιο, 5, 532 φευγόντων δ' οὔτ' ἂρ [[κλέος]] ὄρνυται [[οὔτε]] τις [[ἀλκή]]; – κακοῦ, gegen das Uebel, Hes. O-199; Theogn. 876; ἀμαχανιᾶν Pind. N. 7, 96; öfter bei Tragg., πόλεως ὑπερέχ ειν ἀλκάν Aesch. Spt. 197, die Stadt schirmen; βελέων [[ἀλκή]], der Pfeile Schutz, Soph. Phil. 1136; ἀλκὴ κ[[ἀνακούφισις]] κακῶν O-R. 218 vgl. 42. 189; ὥς σοι γειτόνων ἀλκὴν τιθῇ, dich gegen die Nachbarn schütze, O. C. 1521; aber 460 ἀλκὴν ποιεῖσθαί τινος Jemand vertheidigen; ἀλκήν τιν' [[εὑρεῖν]] κακῶν Eur. Andr. 28. – d) Schlacht, Kampf, Tragg., Aesch. Spt. 480. 551. 859; ἀλκὴν συνῆψαν EUR. SUPPL. 705; εἰς ἀλκὴν ἔστρεφον, [[ἐλθεῖν]], ibd. 700 Phoen. 435; πρὸς ἀλκὴν τρέπεσθαι, steh zur Wehr setzen, Her. 3, 78. 9, 102; Plut. Arist. 18 Arat. 32 u. öfter; εἰς ἀλκὴν τρέπεσθαι Thuc. 2, 84; Arr. 3, 24, 2. – In Prosa brauchen es bes. die Sp.; sehr häufig Plut., auch geradezu für Truppenmacht, Heer, ἡ κατὰ θάλασσανἀλκή = ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶνἀλκή Them. 7 u. 4, ἀλκὴ καὶ [[δύναμις]] Alex. 5 Flamin. 7. – Plur. Pind N. 7, 12 Eur. Rhes. 930 u. Sp.

|btext=ῆς (ἡ) :<br /><b>I.</b> force;<br /><b>1</b> vigueur;<br /><b>2</b> lutte, combat : [[ἐς]] <i>ou</i> πρὸς ἀλκὴν τρέπεσθαι recourir à la force, en venir aux mains;<br /><b>3</b> armée, flotte, <i>etc.</i><br /><b>4</b> puissance <i>en gén.</i><br /><b>5</b> force d’âme, courage;<br /><b>II.</b> force contre un danger, protection, défense ; aide, secours : ἀλκὴν ποιεῖσθαι <i>ou</i> τιθέναι τινός SOPH donner assistance à qqn ; [[τίς]] [[ἀλκή]] ; SOPH à quoi sert de … ? <i>litt.</i> quelle aide est-ce de… ?<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. Ἀλκ être fort.