καλός: Difference between revisions

|astxt=[[καλός]], -ή, -όν, [in LXX [[chiefly]] for טוֹבָה ,טוֹב, [[also]] for יָפֶה, etc.;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[primarily]], of [[outward]] [[form]] ("[[related]] to… [[ἀγαθός]] as the [[appearance]] to the [[essence]]," Cremer, 339), [[fair]], [[beautiful]]: λίθοι (BV, [[goodly]]), Lk 21:5. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In [[reference]] to [[use]], of [[that]] [[which]] is [[well]] adapted to its ends, [[good]], [[excellent]]: of [[fish]], τ. [[καλά]] (opp. to σαπρά), Mt 13:48; [[σπέρμα]], Mt 13·24, 27, 37, 38; [[καρπός]], Mt 3:10 7:17-19 12:33, Lk 3:9 [WH] 6:43; [[δένδρον]] (opp. to σαρπόν), Mt 12:33, Lk 6:43; γῆ, Mt 13:8, 23 Mk 4:8, 20 Lk 8:15; τ. [[ἅλας]], Mk 9:50, Lk 14:34; ὁ [[νόμος]], Ro 7:16, I Ti 1:8; [[διδασκαλία]], I Ti 4:6;[[καρδία]] κ. καὶ ἀγαθή, Lk 8:15; [[παραθήκη]], II Ti 1:14; [[μέτρον]], Lk 6:38; [[βαθμός]], I Ti 3:13; [[θεμέλιος]], I Ti 6:19; τὸ κ., I Th 5:21; μαργαρίται, Mt 13:45; [[οἶνος]], Jo 2:10; [[ποιμήν]], Jo 10:11, 14; [[διάκονος]], I Ti 4:6; [[οἰκονόμος]], I Pe 4:10; [[στρατιώτης]], II Ti 2:3; [[στρατεία]], I Ti 1:18; [[ἀγών]], I Ti 6:12, II Ti 4:7; [[ὁμολογία]], I Ti 6:12, 13; [[ἔργον]], Mt 26:10, Mk 14:6, Jo 10:33, I Ti 3:1; pl., Jo 10:32; [[καλόν]], c. inf. et dat., Mt 18:8, 9 I Co 7:1, 26 9:15; id. c. acc. et inf., Mt 17:4, Mk 9:5, 43, 45, 47, Lk 9:33, He 13:9; seq. εἰ, Mt 26:24, Mk 9:42 14:21; [[ἐάν]], I Co 7:8. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Ethically, [[good]], in the [[sense]] of [[right]], [[fair]], [[noble]], [[honourable]]: Ga 4:18, He 5:14; ἔργα, Mt 5:16, I Ti 5:10, 25 6:18, Tit 2:7, 14 3:8, 14 (Field, Notes, 223f.), He 10:24, I Pe 2:12; [[ἀναστροφή]], Ja 3:13, I Pe 2:12; [[συνείδησις]], He 13:18; seq. ἐνώπιον, Ro 12:17, II Co 8:21, I Ti 2:3; το] κ. ποιεῖν (κατεργάζεσθαι), Ro 7:18, 21 II Co 13:7, Ga 6:9, Ja 4:17; [[καλόν]] ἐστιν, c. inf., Mt 15:26 (T, ἔξεστιν), Mk 7:27, Ro 14:21, Ga 4:18; [[μαρτυρία]], I Ti 3:7; [[ὄνομα]], Ja 2:7; [[καύχημα]], I Co 5:6 (neg.); θεοῦ [[ῥῆμα]], He 6:5. κ. does [[not]] [[occur]] in Re.†SYN.: [[vide supra|v.s.]] [[ἀγαθός]].

|txtha=[[καλή]], [[καλόν]] ([[probably]] [[primarily]] '[[sound]],' '[[hale]],' '[[whole]];' cf. Vanicek, p. 140f; [[Curtius]], § 31), the Sept. for יָפֶה [[beautiful]], [[but]] [[much]] [[more]] [[often]] for טוב [[good]]; [[beautiful]], applied by the Greeks to [[everything]] so [[distinguished]] in [[form]], [[excellence]], [[goodness]], [[usefulness]], as to be [[pleasing]]; [[hence]] (according to the context) equivalent to "[[beautiful]], [[handsome]], [[excellent]], [[eminent]], [[choice]], [[surpassing]], [[precious]], [[useful]], [[suitable]], [[commendable]], [[admirable]]";<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[beautiful]] to [[look]] at, [[shapely]], [[magnificent]]: λίθοις καλοῖς κεκόσμηται (A. V. [[goodly]]), [[good]], [[excellent]] in its [[nature]] and characteristics, and [[therefore]] [[well]] adapted to its ends: joined to the names of [[material]] objects, [[universally]], τά [[καλά]], of [[fish]], opposed to [[such]] as are thrown [[away]] (τά σαπρά), [[σπέρμα]], [[καρπός]], L WH brackets [[καλόν]]); [[δένδρον]], opposed to σαπρόν, γῆ, [[καλόν]] τό [[ἅλας]] (is an [[excellent]] [[thing]]), ὁ [[νόμος]], [[good]] in its [[substance]] and [[nature]], and fitted to [[beget]] [[good]], [[διδασκαλία]], true and approved [[teaching]], [[καρδία]] [[καλή]] καί ἀγαθή, [[παραθήκη]] ([[which]] [[see]]) (containing ([[rather]], consisting of) [[καλά]]), [[μέτρον]], [[ample]] [[measure]] (rabbinical, טובה מדה; English [[good]] [[measure]]), [[βαθμός]] ([[firm]] ([[but]] [[see]] [[βαθμός]])), [[θεμέλιος]], [[genuine]], approved, πάντα δοκιμάζετε, τό [[καλόν]] κατέχετε, [[precious]] (A. V. [[goodly]]), μαργαρῖται, [[superior]] to [[other]] kinds, [[οἶνος]], [[competent]], [[able]], [[such]] as [[one]] [[ought]] to be: [[ποιμήν]], [[διάκονος]], [[οἰκονόμος]], [[στρατιώτης]], [[praiseworthy]], [[noble]]: [[στρατεία]], [[ἀγών]], [[ὁμολογία]], [[ἔργον]], [[καλόν]] ἐστιν, it is [[expedient]], [[profitable]], [[wholesome]]: followed by an infinitive as [[subject]], τίνι added (so in 1 Corinthians , the [[passage]] cited [[also]]), Winer s Grammar, 241 (226); Buttmann, § 149,7); R G ([[also]] L Tr marginal [[reading]] in 47); [[καλόν]] ἐστιν followed by the accusative and infinitive, L ([[but]] [[see]] [[above]]) T Tr ([[but]] [[not]] marginal [[reading]], [[see]] [[above]]) WH; εἰ (cf. Buttmann, 217 (187f); Winer's Grammar, 282 (265)), [[ἐάν]] (Buttmann and Winer's Grammar, as [[above]]), it is [[pleasant]], [[delightful]], followed by an accusative [[with]] an infinitive: [[beautiful]] by [[reason]] of [[purity]] of [[heart]] and [[life]], and [[hence]] [[praiseworthy]]; [[morally]] [[good]], [[noble]], (Latin honestus; (cf. [[Aristotle]], τό καθ' [[αὐτό]] [[καλόν]])): [[διάκρισις]] καλοῦ τέ καί κακοῦ, ἔργα, [[ἀναστροφή]], [[καλή]] [[συνείδησις]], [[consciousness]] of [[good]] deeds (A. V. a [[good]] [[conscience]]), [[καλά]], [[καλόν]] [[ἐνώπιον]] τίνος, in [[one]]'s [[judgment]], in ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ, τό [[καλόν]] κατεργάζεσθαι, ποιεῖν, [[καλόν]] ἐστιν, it is [[right]], [[proper]], [[becoming]], followed by an infinitive: L T ἔξεστιν); (Tr marginal [[reading]] [[imperative]]); honorable, conferring honor: [[μαρτυρία]], [[ὄνομα]], οὐ [[καλόν]] τό [[καύχημα]] [[ὑμῶν]], affecting the [[mind]] [[agreeably]], [[comforting]] and confirming: Θεοῦ ῤῆμα (the Sept. for טוב דָּבָר, [[which]] is [[spoken]] of the [[divine]] promises, [[καλλίων]], [[κάλλιον]], [[better]]: neut, adverbially, σύ [[κάλλιον]] ἐπιγινώσκεις, i. e. [[better]] [[than]] by [[thy]] [[question]] thou seemest to [[know]], Winer s Grammar, 242 (227)). The [[word]] is [[not]] [[found]] in the Apocalypse. (Cf. Trench, § cvi. at the [[end]]; Zezschwitz, Profangräcität as [[above]] [[with]], p. 60f (cf. [[ἀγαθός]], at the [[end]]); Westcott on John 10:11.)

|mdlsjtxt=[[καλός]], ή, όν<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[beautiful]], beauteous, [[fair]], Lat. [[pulcher]], of [[outward]] [[form]], Hom., etc.; καλὸς [[δέμας]] [[beautiful]] of [[form]], Od.; so, [[εἶδος]] [[κάλλιστος]] Xen.; καλὸς τὸ [[σῶμα]] Xen.; c. inf., κ. [[εἰσοράασθαι]] Hom.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> τὸ [[καλόν]], like [[κάλλος]], [[beauty]], Eur., etc.: τὰ [[καλά]] the decencies, proprieties, elegancies of [[life]], Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in [[reference]] to use, [[beautiful]], [[fair]], [[good]], κ. [[λιμήν]] Od.; καλὸς εἴς τι Xen.; πρός τι Plat.; c. inf., [[κάλλιστος]] τρέχειν Xen.;—esp. in the foll. phrases, ἐν καλῷ [τόπῳ] in a [[good]] [[place]], Thuc.; ἐν καλῷ τοῦ κόλπου, τῆς πόλεως Xen.; ἐν κ. (sub. χρόνῳ), in [[good]] [[time]], in [[season]], Eur.:—so, [[καλόν]] ἐστι, c. inf., Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of sacrifices, [[good]], [[auspicious]], Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in [[moral]] [[sense]], [[beautiful]], [[noble]], [[καλόν]] [ἐστι] c. inf., Hom., etc.; καλὰ ἔργματα [[noble]] deeds, Pind., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> τὸ [[καλόν]] [[moral]] [[beauty]], [[virtue]], opp. to τὸ αἰσχρόν ([[Cicero]]'s [[honestum]] and [[turpe]]), Xen., Plat.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> in [[attic]] not [[seldom]] [[ironically]], like Lat. [[praeclarus]], [[admirable]], [[specious]], [[fair]], κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς [[βίοτος]], [[ὥστε]] θαυμάσαι Soph.; μετ' ὀνομάτων [[καλῶν]] Thuc.<br />B. Degrees of comp.: comp. [[καλλίων]] ([[short]] ι) ον, Sup. [[κάλλιστος]], η, ον, Hom., etc.<br />C. adv.:— [[καλόν]] as adv., καλὸν ἀείδειν, etc., Hom.; so [[καλά]] Il.; τὸ [[καλόν]] Theocr.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> regul. adv. [[καλῶς]], [[mostly]] in [[moral]] [[sense]], well, [[rightly]], Od.; [[καλῶς]] ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., Soph., etc.; οὐ [[καλῶς]] ταρβεῖς Soph.; often in [[phrase]] [[καλῶς]] καὶ εὖ, [[καλῶς]] τε καὶ εὖ Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[good]] [[fortune]], well, [[happily]], κ. πράσσειν = εὖ πράσσειν to [[fare]] well, Aesch., etc.; κ. ἔχειν to be well, Aesch.; κ. [[ἔχει]], c. inf., 'tis well to… , Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[καλῶς]] = [[πάνυ]], [[right]] well, κ. [[ἔξοιδα]] Soph.; so in comp., [[κάλλιον]] [[εἰδέναι]] Plat.; and in Sup. [[κάλλιστα]], Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> κ. ποιῶν, as adv., [[rightly]], [[deservedly]], Lat. [[merito]], κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> in answers, to [[approve]] the words of the [[former]] [[speaker]], well said! Lat. [[euge]], Eur., Dem.:—but, also, to [[decline]] an [[offer]] [[courteously]] or [[ironically]], [[thank]] you! Lat. [[benigne]], Ar.; and in Sup., κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ Ar.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> [[ironically]], [[finely]], Lat. [[belle]], Soph., Eur.<br />D. Quantity: ᾱ in epic Poets: ᾰ in [[attic]]: in [[later]] Poets ᾰ or ᾱ, as the [[verse]] requires.