πρός: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />prep. with [[genitive]], implying [[motion]] from a [[place]]; with dat., [[abiding]] at a [[place]]; with acc., [[motion]] to a [[place]]<br />A. WITH GEN.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], from, from [[forth]], Hom., Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> on the [[side]] or [[quarter]] of, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος islands looking (as it were) from [[Elis]], i. e. [[towards]] [[Elis]], Od.; πρὸς τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου ἵδρυται [[μᾶλλον]] ἢ τοῦ Στρύμονος lies [[more]] [[towards]] (i. e. nearer) the [[Hellespont]] [[than]] the [[Strymon]], Hdt.; ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο πρὸς Ὀλύνθου Thuc., etc.:—often with words denoting the points of the [[compass]], δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν πρὸς βορέαο, αἱ δ' αὖ πρὸς νότου one looking [[north]] wards, the [[other]] [[south]] wards, Od.; so, οἰκέουσι πρὸς νότου ἀνέμου Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[before]], in [[presence]] of, in the eyes of, πρός τε [[θεῶν]] μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.: ἄδικον [[οὔτε]] πρὸς [[θεῶν]] [[οὔτε]] πρὸς ἀνθρώπων Thuc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in [[supplication]], [[adjuration]], [[protestation]], oaths, [[before]], by, Lat. per, γουνάζομαί σε πρός τ' ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.; ἐπιορκεῖν πρὸς δαίμονος to [[forswear]] [[oneself]] by the god, Il.; πρὸς [[θεῶν]] [[attic]]:—the Trag. [[sometimes]] [[insert]] the pron. σε [[between]] the prep. and its [[case]], as in Lat. per te omnes deos oro, πρός νύν σε πατρὸς πρός τε μητρὸς ἱκνοῦμαι Soph.; μὴ πρός σε [[γούνων]] Eur.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> of [[origin]] or [[descent]], from, on the [[side]] of τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the [[father]]'s [[side]], Hdt.; Ἀθηναῖον καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς μητρός Dem.; πρὸς αἵματος [[blood]]-relations, Soph.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[proceeding]] from [[some]] [[cause]], from, at the [[hand]] of, τιμὴν πρὸς Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.; τυγχάνειν τινὸς πρὸς [[θεῶν]] Aesch.:—so with all Passive Verbs, [[προτὶ]] Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to be taught by [[Achilles]], Il.; τὸ ποιεύμενον πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt., etc.:— by [[means]] or [[agency]] of, πρὸς ἀλλήλοιν [[θανεῖν]] Eur.:—also of things, πρὸς τίνος ποτ' αἰτίας τέθνηκεν; from or by [[what]] [[cause]]? Soph.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> of [[dependence]] or [[close]] [[connection]]; and so,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[dependent]] on one, under one's [[protection]], πρὸς [[Διός]] εἰσι ξεῖνοι Od.; πρὸς ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνειν to [[weave]] a web at the [[beck]] of [[another]] [[woman]], Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> on one's [[side]], in one's [[favour]], πρὸς σοῦ Soph.; πρὸς τῶν [[ἐχόντων]] τὸν νόμον τίθης Eur.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with, by, μνήμην πρός τινος λείπεσθαι Hdt.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> [[fitting]], [[suitable]], οὐ πρὸς τοῦ ἅπαντος [[ἀνδρός]], not [[befitting]] [[every]] man, Hdt.; ἦ [[κάρτα]] πρὸς γυναικός ἐστιν 'tis [[very]] like a [[woman]], Aesch.; οὐ πρὸς ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν Soph.:—also of qualities, πρὸς δίκης [[agreeable]] to [[justice]], Soph.; οὐ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Thuc.<br />B. WITH DAT.<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[hard]] by, near, at, on, in, [[ποτὶ]] γαίῃ Od.; [[ποτὶ]] δρυσίν [[among]] the oaks, Il.; ἄγκυραν [[ποτὶ]] ναῒ κρημνάντων Il.; πρὸς μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ Soph.; πρὸς τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Thuc.; αἱ πρὸς θαλάττῃ πόλεις Xen.; τὰ πρὸς [[ποσί]] that [[which]] is [[close]] to the feet, [[before]] one, Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[before]], in the [[presence]] of, πρὸς τοῖς θεσμοθέταις λέγειν Dem.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Verbs denoting [[motion]], followed by [[rest]] in or by a [[place]], [[upon]], [[against]], [[ποτὶ]] δὲ [[σκῆπτρον]] [[βάλε]] γαίῃ Hom.; βάλλειν τινὰ πρὸς πέτρῃ Od.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> with a [[notion]] of clinging [[closely]], πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχεσθαι Od.; προσπεπλασμένας πρὸς οὔρεσι Hdt.; so, to [[express]] [[close]] [[employment]], in, [[upon]], πρὸς [[αὐτῷ]] γ' [[εἰμὶ]] τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν Soph.; [[εἶναι]] or γίγνεσθαι πρός τινι to be employed in or on a [[thing]], Plat.; ὅλον [[εἶναι]] πρός τινι Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in [[addition]] to, [[besides]], πρὸς τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα Aesch.; [[δέκα]] μῆνας πρὸς ἄλλοις [[πέντε]] Soph.; πρὸς τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in [[addition]] to his [[trade]] of [[leather]]-cutter, Plat.; πρὸς τούτοις [[besides]] [[this]], Lat. [[praeterea]], Hdt., etc.; πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις [[besides]] all the [[rest]], Thuc.<br />C. WITH ACCUS.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], [[towards]], to, Lat. [[versus]], [[ἰέναι]] πρὸς Ὄλυμπον Il.; πρὸς ἠῶτ' ἠέλιόν τε, [[ποτὶ]] ζόφον Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> with Verbs implying [[previous]] [[motion]], [[upon]], [[against]], [[ἑστάναι]] πρὸς κίονα Od.; [[ποτὶ]] τοῖχον ἀρηρότες, [[ποτὶ]] βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι Od.; [[ἑστάναι]] πρὸς σφαγάς to [[stand]] [[ready]] for [[slaughter]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Verbs of [[seeing]], etc., [[towards]], [[ἰδεῖν]] πρός τινα Od.; so, [[στῆναι]] [[ποτὶ]] πνοιήν to [[stand]] so as to [[face]] it, Il.; κλαίειν πρὸς οὐρανόν to cry to [[heaven]], Il.:—of points of the [[compass]], πρὸς ζόφον κεῖσθαι to lie [[towards]] the West, Od.; ναίειν πρὸς Ἠῶ τ' Ἠέλιόν τε Od.; πρὸς ἑσπέραν, ἄρκτον [[towards]] the West, etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in [[hostile]] [[sense]], [[against]], πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεσθαι Il.; πρὸς θεὸν ἐρίζειν Pind.; χωρεῖν πρός τινα Soph.;—in speeches, πρός τινα in [[reply]] to, Lat. [[adversus]], [[less]] [[strong]] [[than]] [[κατά]] τινος [[against]], Lat. in, Dem.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> without any [[hostile]] [[sense]], ἀγορεύειν, [[εἰπεῖν]] πρός τινα to [[address]] [[oneself]] to him, Il.; ἀμείβεσθαι πρός τινα Hdt.; also of communing with [[oneself]], [[εἶπε]] πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν, [[προτὶ]] ὃν μυθήσατο θυμόν Il.:—of all sorts of [[intercourse]], [[ὀμόσαι]] πρός τινα to [[take]] an [[oath]] to him, Od.; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι πρός τινα Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα [[ξυμμαχία]] Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα [[φιλία]], [[πίστις]] Xen., etc.; but also, πρός τινα [[ἔχθρα]], [[ἀπιστία]], [[μῖσος]], [[πόλεμος]] Aesch., Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> of transactions, πρὸς Τυδείδην τεύχε' ἄμειβεν changed [[arms]] with Tydeides, Il.: of matters brought [[before]] a [[magistrate]], λαγχάνειν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας ap. Dem.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> [[εἶναι]] πρός τι to be [[engaged]] in . . , Plut.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], [[towards]] or near, at or [[about]], [[ποτὶ]] ἕσπερα at [[even]], Od.; [[ἐπεὶ]] πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἦν Xen.; πρὸς ἠῶ Theocr.; πρὸς [[γῆρας]] for or in old age, Eur.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> of Relation [[between]] two objects,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> in [[reference]] to, in [[respect]] of, [[touching]], τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, i. e. [[military]] matters, Thuc.; τὰ πρὸς τὸν [[βασιλέα]] our relations to the King, Dem.; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς our duties to the gods, Soph.; ὁ [[λόγος]] οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐμέ is [[nothing]] to me, concerns me not, Dem.; οὐδὲν [[αὐτῷ]] πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he has [[nothing]] to do with it, Dem.:—often with Advs., [[ἀσφαλῶς]] ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[reference]] to, in [[consequence]] of, πρὸς [[τοῦτο]] τὸ [[κήρυγμα]] Hdt.; [[ἀθύμως]] ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.:—often with neut. Pron., πρὸς τί; [[wherefore]]? to [[what]] end? Soph.; πρὸς [[οὐδέν]] for [[nothing]], in [[vain]], Soph.; πρὸς [[ταῦτα]] [[therefore]], [[this]] [[being]] so, Hdt., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> for a [[purpose]], ὡς πρός τι χρείας; Soph.; [[ἕτοιμος]] πρός τι Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in [[proportion]] or [[relation]] to, in [[comparison]] of, κοῖός τις ἀνὴρ δοκέοι [[εἶναι]] πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Hdt.; implying Superiority, πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους, Lat. [[prae]] aliis omnibus, Hdt.; πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας [[ναῦς]] τὸ [[μέσον]] σκοπεῖν the [[mean]] [[between]] the largest and smallest ships, Thuc.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> in [[reference]] to, according to, πρὸς τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Hdt.; πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν according to one's [[power]], Dem.; πρὸς τὰς τύχας [[agreeably]] to one's fortunes, Eur.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> in [[accompaniment]] to [[musical]] instruments, πρὸς κάλαμον Pind.; πρὸς αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν Eur.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> often [[merely]] periphr. for adv., as πρὸς βίαν = [[βιαίως]], by [[force]], [[forcibly]], Aesch.; πρὸς τὸ καρτερόν Aesch.; πρὸς ἰσχύος [[κράτος]] Soph.:— πρὸς ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν so as to [[please]], Thuc.; πρὸς τὸ τερπνόν calculated to [[delight]], Thuc.; πρὸς [[χάριν]] so as to [[gratify]], Dem.;—and c. gen. rei, πρὸς [[χάριν]] τινός, like [[χάριν]] [[alone]], Lat. [[gratia]], for the [[sake]] of, πρὸς χ. βορᾶς Soph.; πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. by [[means]] of, Eur.; also, πρὸς ὀργήν with [[anger]], [[angrily]], Soph., etc.; πρὸς τὸ λιπαρές [[importunately]], Soph.; πρὸς καιρόν [[seasonably]], Soph.<br />D. ABSOL. AS ADV., = πρός B. II, [[besides]], [[over]] and [[above]], πρὸς δέ or [[ποτὶ]] δέ Il., Hdt., etc.; πρὸς δὲ καί, πρὸς δὲ ἔτι, καὶ πρός Hdt., etc.; καὶ πρός γε Eur.; καὶ δὴ πρός Hdt.<br />E. IN COMPOS., it expresses<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[motion]] [[towards]], [[προσάγω]], [[προσέρχομαι]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[addition]], [[besides]], [[προσκτάομαι]], [[προστίθημι]].<br /><b class="num">III.</b> [[connection]] and [[engagement]] with [[anything]], as [[πρόσειμι]], [[προσγίγνομαι]].