ὄχλος: Difference between revisions

|astxt=[[ὄχλος]], -ου, ὁ, [in LXX for הָמוֹן ([[chiefly]] in Da TH), קָהָל ,חַיִל, etc.;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>a [[moving]] [[crowd]] or [[multitude]] of persons, a [[throng]]: Mt 9:23, Mk 2:4, Lk 5:1, Jo 5:13, al.; pl., Mt 5:1, Mk 10:1, Lk 3:7, and freq.; ὄ. [[ἱκανός]], Mk 10:46, al.; [[τοσοῦτος]], Mt 15:33; οὐ μετ’ ὄχλου, Ac 24:18; [[ἄτερ]] ὄχλου, Lk 22:6; [[πᾶς]] ὁ ὄ., Mt 13:2, Mk 2:13, al.; ὄ. [[πολύς]], Mt 20:29, Mk 5:21, al.; ὁ πολὺς ὄ. (ὄ. π.), the [[populace]], the [[common]] [[people]], Mk 12:37 (Swete, in l.; Field, Notes, 37), Jo 12:9 (Westc, in l.). <br /><b class="num">2.</b>(As [[also]] cl., opp. to [[δῆμος]], [[quod vide|q.v.]], and cf. Tr., Syn., §xcviii), the [[populace]], the [[common]] [[people]] (cf. ὁ πολὺς ὄ., supr.), Mt 14:5 21:26, Mk 12:12, Jo 7:12b; so [[with]] [[contempt]] (cl.), Jo 7:49. In a [[more]] [[general]] [[sense]], a [[multitude]]: c. gen., ὀνομάτων ([[vide supra|v.s.]] ὀ.), Ac 1:15; μαθητῶν, Lk 6:17, al.

|txtha=ὄχλου, ὁ, in the N. T. [[only]] in the historical books and [[five]] times in the [[book]] of Revelation; as in Greek writings from [[Pindar]] and [[Aeschylus]] [[down]], a [[crowd]], i. e.<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a [[casual]] [[collection]] of [[people]]; a [[multitude]] of men [[who]] [[have]] flocked [[together]] in [[some]] [[place]], a [[throng]]: [[τίς]] ἐκ [[τοῦ]] ὄχλου, [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] ὄχλου, [[ἀπό]] (for i. e. on [[account]] of (cf. [[ἀπό]], II:2b.)) [[τοῦ]] ὄχλου, ἡ [[βία]] [[τοῦ]] ὄχλου, [[πολύς]] [[ὄχλος]] and [[much]] [[more]] [[often]] [[ὄχλος]] [[πολύς]], T Tr WH [[omit]]; L Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets [[πολύς]]); Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets WH prefix ὁ; cf. Buttmann, 91 (80)); ὁ [[πολύς]] [[ὄχλος]], the [[great]] [[multitude]] [[present]], ὁ [[ὄχλος]] [[πολύς]] (the [[noun]] forming [[with]] the adjective a [[single]] [[composite]] [[term]], [[like]] [[our]]) the [[common]] [[people]], T WH Tr marginal [[reading]]; cf. Buttmann, as [[above]]; [[some]] would [[give]] the [[phrase]] the [[same]] [[sense]] in Mark , the [[passage]] cited); [[πάμπολυς]], ); [[ἱκανός]], ὁ ... [[πλεῖστος]] [[ὄχλος]] (the [[most]] [[part]] of the [[multitude]]), [[πᾶς]] ὁ [[ὄχλος]], ); ὄχλον τοσοῦτον, αἱ μυριάδες [[τοῦ]] ὄχλου οὐ [[μετά]] ὄχλου, [[not]] having a [[crowd]] [[with]] me, [[ἄτερ]] ὄχλου, in the [[absence]] of the [[multitude]] ([[see]] [[ἄτερ]])), οἱ ὄχλοι, [[very]] [[often]] in Matt. and Luke , as Tdf. the [[singular]]); in Mark [[only]] and [[without]] the [[article]] ὄχλοι πολλοί, R G); πάντες οἱ ὄχλοι, the [[multitude]], i. e. the [[common]] [[people]], opposed to the rulers and [[leading]] men: [[ἐπισύστασις]] ὄχλου, a [[riot]], a [[mob]], L T Tr WH ἐπίστασιν ([[which]] [[see]]) ὄχλου).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[universally]], a [[multitude]]: [[with]] a genitive of the class, as τελωνῶν, μαθητῶν, ὀνομάτων ([[see]] [[ὄνομα]], 3), [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, ὄχλοι, joined [[with]] λαοί and ἔθνη, in Sept. [[chiefly]] for הָמון.)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: 1. <b class="b2">(orderless, moved) crowd, (common) multitude, great mass, throng</b>, pl. [[crowd]], [[people]]; 2. [[disturbance]], [[perturbation]], [[annoyance]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀχλο-κρατία</b> f. [[mob-rule]] (Plb., Plu., s. lit. on [[δημοκρατία]]), <b class="b3">ἄ-οχλος</b> [[without disturbances]], [[not disturbing]] (Hp.).<br />Derivatives: Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ηρός</b> [[bothersome]], [[annoying]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ηρία</b> f. (LXX); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to a great multitude]], [[mobbish]] (hell.); 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[annoying]] (IA.), [[popular]], [[common]] (Plu.). Subst. 4. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύς μοχλός</b>, [[στρόφιγξ]], [[δεσμός]] ... H.; [[ἐποχλεύς]] m. [[sprag on a cart]] (Ath.), prob. for <b class="b3">*ἐποχεύς</b>; [[ἐποχλίζομαι]] to [[be bolted]] (Apollon. Lex.). -- Denominative verbs 5. [[ὀχλέω]] <b class="b2">to put in (rolling) motion , to roll away</b> (Φ 261; <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλέω</b> = <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλίζω</b> S. E.), [[to disturb]], [[to perturb]], [[to bother]] (Ion., hell.; w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, also Att.); from it <b class="b3">ὄχλ-ησις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b> ὄχλος) f. [[bothering]], [[interference]], [[perturbation]] (Democr., hell.), (<b class="b3">ἐν-)ὄχλ-ημα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Epicur., medic.), <b class="b3">ὀχλητι-κός</b> = [[ὀχλικός]] (Procl.); 6. [[ὀχλεύονται]] = <b class="b3">ὀχλεῦνται κυλινδοῦνται</b> H.; 7. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">μετ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> a.o., [[to pull up]], [[out of place]] (Il.); 8. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-άζω</b> to [[be disturbed]], [[confused]] (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] <b class="b2">*u̯eǵh-</b> [[move]], [[drive]], [[ride]]<br />Etymology: The orig. meaning of the verbal nouns [[ὄχλος]], which was concretized as [[heap]], [[crowd]], cannot be established with more certainty; in the sense of <b class="b2">perturbation etc.</b> it may have been influenced by [[ὀχλέω]] (cf. Bosshardt 78). If one starts from <b class="b3">*Ϝόχ-(σ)λο-ς</b> (on the possible loss of a <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> in Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), [[ὄχλος]] agrees well with the well-known verb for [[drive]], [[carry]], [[bring]], [[move]] in [[Ϝέχω]] (s. 2. [[ἔχω]]), [[ὀχέομαι]], Lat. [[vehō]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵh-(s)lo-</b>; cf. the interpretations of Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. The broad sphere of meaning gives several possibiliies: *'driving, carrying, moving', resp. as nom. agentis or instr. *'driver, carryer, mover'. -- Formally identical is OWNo. [[vagl]] m. [[tiebeam]], [[roost]] (prop. *'bearing-bar, carrier'). To the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b> [[raise]], <b class="b3">ὀχλ-έω</b> [[roll away]] and to <b class="b3">ὀχλ-εύς</b> <b class="b2">lever etc.</b> agree semantically the primary nouns Lat. [[vec-tis]] and OWNo. <b class="b2">vǫg</b> (IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵhā</b>) [[lever]]. From *`move, movement' one gets both to [[moved mass]], [[mob]] and to [[spiritual movement]], [[unrest]]; the same holds for the denominative [[ὀχλέω]] (cf. [[turba]], <b class="b2">-āre</b>). -- Uncertain supposition on cross with [[μοχλός]], <b class="b3">-έω</b> in Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Older hypothesis in Bq (rejected). Wrong Belardi Doxa 3, 217. -- Further lit. s. [[ὄχος]].