πειράω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Il.8.8</span>, etc. : impf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἐπείρων <span class="bibl">Th.4.25</span> : fut. -<b class="b3">άσω [ᾱ]</b> ib.<span class="bibl">9</span>, <span class="bibl">43</span> : aor. ἐπείρᾱσα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1276</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>517</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span> : pf. πεπείρᾱκα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>26</span> :—Pass., aor. <b class="b3">ἐπειράθην [ᾱ]</b> <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; cf. [[πειράζω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> more freq. in Med. πειράομαι, <span class="bibl">Il.2.193</span>, <span class="bibl">24.390</span>, etc. : fut. -<b class="b3">άσομαι [ᾱ]</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>959</span>, etc.; Dor. 2pl. πειρασεῖσθε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>743</span>, cf. Hippod. ap. Stob.4.1.94; later πειρᾱθήσομαι <span class="title">Gp.</span>12.13.12 : aor. [[ἐπειρᾱσάμην]], Ion. [[ἐπειρησάμην]], <span class="bibl">Od.8.120</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.135</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.44</span>,al.; but aor. Pass. [[ἐπειρήθην]], Att. <b class="b3">ἐπειράθην [ᾱ]</b>, found in med. sense, <span class="bibl">Il.19.384</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.152</span>,al., <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span> (v.l.), <span class="bibl">33</span>, <span class="bibl">6.92</span>, and in later Prose : pf. [[πεπείρᾱμαι]], Ion. -ημαι, <span class="bibl">Od.3.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.46</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>584</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.1</span>, etc. : 3pl. plpf. ἐπεπείραντο D.C.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24.3, Ion. ἐπεπειρέατο <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.125</span>. (From [[πεῖρα]].) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Act., [[attempt]], [[endeavour]], [[try]], c. inf., μήτε τις… πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος <span class="bibl">Il.8.8</span>; πειρήσω (δύναμαι) φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span> 175</span>; π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.84</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1025</span>, al. : folld. by [[ὡς]]... <span class="bibl">Il.4.66</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.316</span>, etc.; by [[ὅπως]]... <span class="bibl">4.545</span> : c. Adj. neut., πολλὰ πειρῶντες <span class="bibl">Th.6.38</span>; πάντα Plu. 2.1122b : with inf. understood, <span class="bibl">Th.7.32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. pers., [[make trial of]] one, <b class="b3">μή μευ πειράτω</b>, for the purpose of persuading, <span class="bibl">Il.9.345</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.433</span>; of things, τευχέων <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1249</span> : in hostile sense, [[make an attempt on]], μήλων πειρήσοντα <span class="bibl">Il.12.301</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.134</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν</b>… <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.82</span>; π. τοῦ χωρίου <span class="bibl">Th.1.61</span>; Νισαίας <span class="bibl">Id.4.70</span>; ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">Id.7.38</span>; νυμφείας εὐνᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> abs., <b class="b3">ναυσὶ π</b>. [[make an attempt]] by sea, <span class="bibl">Th.4.25</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην</b> ib.<span class="bibl">43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. rei, [[experience]], τύχης ἐπήρειαν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>46</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. pers., [[make an attempt on]] a woman's honour, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>517</span> (ubiv. Sch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span> 150</span>, <span class="bibl">1067</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.28</span>, etc. :—Pass., πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phdr.</span>227c</span>; v. infr. B. IV, cf. πεῖρα 11. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> more freq. in Med., c. inf., [[try to]] do, <span class="bibl">Il.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.71</span>, <span class="bibl">6.138</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>459</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>6.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 12.64</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span> 186b</span> : c. fut. inf., <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.8.4</span> : the inf. is sometimes understood, [[πειρήσεται]] (sc. [[ἀλύξαι]]) <span class="bibl">Od.4.417</span> : folld. by [[εἰ]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.806</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95b</span>; πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν <span class="bibl">Il.18.601</span>; by [[ἐάν]] or [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>327</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>638e</span>; by [[μὴ]]... [[lest]]... <span class="bibl">Od.21.394</span>; by [[ὅπως]]... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.3</span> : c. part., freq. in Hdt., ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών <span class="bibl">1.77</span>; [[προσβαίνων]] ib.<span class="bibl">84</span>; π. βιώμενοι <span class="bibl">4.139</span>; π. ἀποσχίζων <span class="bibl">6.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5</span>,<span class="bibl">50</span>, <span class="bibl">7.139</span>, al.; π. σκοπῶν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span> 190e</span><abbr title="Illegible text in print source">†</abbr> c. neut. Adj., <b class="b3">τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> most freq. (V.A. 11) c. gen., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. gen. pers., [[make trial of]] one, <span class="bibl">Il.10.444</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.336</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ</b>… <span class="bibl">19.215</span>; ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι… εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε <span class="bibl">Il.19.384</span>; with [[genitive]] not expressed, ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι <span class="bibl">2.73</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ πρῶτ' ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο</b> [[test]] him in each particular, <span class="bibl">Od.4.119</span> (v.l. [[μυθήσαιτο]]) <b class="b3"> ; π. θεοῦ</b> [[make trial of]], [[tempt]] a god, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.86</span>. γ, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1663</span> (troch.) : in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος <span class="bibl">Il.21.580</span> (with acc. cogn. added ἀέθλους… ἐπειρήσαντ' Ὀδυσῆος <span class="bibl">Od.8.23</span>) : freq. in Hdt., esp. <b class="b3">ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι</b>, as ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">1.76</span>; πειρᾶσθέ μου γυναικὸς ὡς ἀφράσμονος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1401</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου</b> [[make an attempt]] on it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.100</span>; π. τοῦ τείχους <span class="bibl">Th.2.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen. rei, [[make proof]] or [[trial of]]... σθένεος <span class="bibl">Il. 15.359</span>; ἥβης <span class="bibl">23.432</span>; <b class="b3">χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ… ἦ</b>… <span class="bibl">Od. 21.282</span>; <b class="b2">try one's chance at</b> or [[in]] a work or contest, ἔργου <span class="bibl">18.369</span>; [[ἀέθλου]], [[ἀέθλων]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.707</span>, <span class="bibl">Od. 8.100</span>, etc.; [[παλαιμοσύνης]] ib. <span class="bibl">126</span>; [[make proof of]], [[try]] a weapon, τόξου <span class="bibl">21.159</span>,<span class="bibl">180</span>; [[νευρῆς]] ib.<span class="bibl">410</span> (but [<b class="b3">ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ' ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι</b> arrows whose force they were soon [[to make trial of]], i. e.[[feel]], ib. <span class="bibl">418</span>); also, [[make proof of]], [[have experience of]], especially in pf. Pass., first in Hes., νηῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>660</span>; οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.159</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118</span>; <b class="b3">πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.44</span>, <span class="bibl">5.69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.1</span>; κακῶν <span class="bibl">D.18.253</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρφανίας π</b>., i.e. to be an orphan, <span class="bibl">Phalar. <span class="title">Ep.</span>49</span>; but <b class="b3">π. τινὸς μετρίου</b> [[find]] him moderate [[by experience]] or [[on trial]], <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Aem.</span>8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Arat.</span>43</span>; also, <b class="b3">πεπείρανται ὅτι</b>… <span class="bibl">Lys.27.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> abs., <b class="b2">try one's fortune, try the chances of war</b>, αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ' ἵκηται <span class="bibl">Il.5.129</span>; <b class="b3">πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ</b> <b class="b2">making trial of one's powers</b>, <span class="bibl">16.590</span>; <b class="b3">Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ… ἦ</b>… [[to try one's fortune]] against him, <span class="bibl">21.225</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ δ' αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τῆς ἵππου</b>) [[let]] him [[try]] for her, as a prize, <span class="bibl">23.553</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[make a trial]] or [[put]] a matter [[to the test]], ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>21a</span> : c. dat. modi, ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.5.279</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι</b> [[tried their luck]] in the foot-race, <span class="bibl">Od.8.120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">205</span>; σφαίρῃ <span class="bibl">8.377</span>; also <b class="b3">π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.5.220</span>, <span class="bibl">11.386</span> : but in pf., <b class="b3">οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι</b> I [[have]] not [[tried myself]], [[have]] not [[found my skill]], in words, <span class="bibl">Od.3.23</span> : abs., ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.16</span>; <b class="b3">πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα</b> [[by experience]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hier.</span>2.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. pers., [[make an attempt on]] (V.A.IV.<span class="bibl">2</span>), Διὸς ἄκοιτιν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.34</span>.</span>