κέγχρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ (also ἡ, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>250a20</span>, Dieuch. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.4.7.15</span>, Glauc. ap.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1802.42</span>, Dsc.2.97, Gal.6.791, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>3.112a</span>, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>24.106</span>), <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[millet]], [[Panicum miliaceum]], usually in plural, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.22</span>, etc.: sg., <span class="bibl">Hecat.154</span> J., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.193</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">HP</span>1.11.2</span>, al., <span class="title">OGI</span>55.15 (Telmessus, iii B.C.); of a single grain, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Plot.6.3.11</span>, prob. in <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1.13</span>:—also κέρχνος, <span class="bibl">Anaxandr.41.27</span>, Gal.18(1).574; cf. [[κέρχνωμα]], [[κέρχνη]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[anything in small grains]]: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[spawn of fish]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.93</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[small beads]], <span class="bibl">Ath.12.525e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[speck]], [[sty]] in the eye, Adam.1.11, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = [[κεγχρίας]] 11 ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), Dsc.<span class="title">Ther.</span>15. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[small]] kind of [[diamond]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>37.57</span>.</span>

|elnltext=κέγχρος -ου, ὁ ἡ, gierst (graansoort), meestal plur..

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. (f.), mostly plur.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">millet, grain of m.</b>, metaph. <b class="b2">spawn of fish, small ball, speck in the eye etc.</b> (Hes. Sc. 398, Sapph. 5, 13 [?], Hecat., Hdt., Arist.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">κεγχρο-φόρος</b> (Str.). With metathesis or other dissim. (cf. below) [[κέρχνος]] (Anaxandr., Gal., H.); also [[Κερχνεία]] GN?<br />Derivatives: 1. [[κεγχρίς]] f. = [[κέγχρος]] (Hp.), also name of a bird fattened with millet, Lat. [[miliarius]] (Ael.; cf. Thompson Birds s. v.) 2. [[κεγχρίας]] m. [[milletlike protuberances]] ([[ἕρπης]], Gal.) with <b class="b3">-ιδίας</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Dsc.). 3. [[κεγχρίνης]] m. <b class="b2">snake with millet-like spots</b> (Nic., Lyc.); cf. [[κέγχρινος]] below. 4. [[κεγχρίτης]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aët.), <b class="b3">-ῖτις ἰσχάς</b> [[dried fig]] (AP; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 112). 5. [[κεγχραμίς]] f. [[kernel of a fig]] (Hp., Arist., Thphr.), after [[καλαμίς]], [[σησαμίς]] a. o.; not with Schwyzer 494 foreign suffix; <b class="b3">-ιδώδης</b>. 6. [[κεγχρώματα]] pl. <b class="b2">small vizier-openings on a shield (?)</b> (E. Ph. 1386, cf. Chantraine Formation 186; s. also on [[κέρχνος]]). 7. [[κεγχρεών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[place where iron is granulated]] (Docum. ap. D. 37, 26). 8. <b class="b3">κεγχρ-ιαῖος</b> [[of the size of a millet corn]] (Luc., Dsc.; Chantraine 49). 9. [[κέγχρινος]] [[made of millet]] (Dsc., Gal.). 10. [[κεγχρώδης]] [[millet-like]], of eruptions (Hp.), of plants (Thphr.). 11. [[κεγχρωτός]] [[with corns]], [[drips]] (pap.). 12. [[Κεγχρεαί]] pl. GN.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Uncertain. Mostly with Persson Studien 73 as "pulverized" from reduplicated IE. <b class="b2">*gher-ghr-os</b> with old dissimilation [[r]] - [[r]] > [[n]] - [[r]] (or [[r]] - [[n]]) and further connection with <b class="b3">χέρ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">χερ-άς</b> etc. Here also [[κάχρυς]] (p. 124) with further NHG [[grū-z]] [[corn of sand or grain]], Lith. <b class="b2">grú-das</b> [[corn]] etc. - Diff. Niedermann Symb. Rozwadowski 1, 111ff.: for <b class="b3">*κέρχνος</b> (with metathesis) < <b class="b3">*κερκσνος</b> to OHG [[hirso]] [[millet]] < <b class="b2">*hirhso</b> (?). See on [[κάχρυς]] where it is seen as Pre-Greek. But in that case one expects also forms without prenasalization (<b class="b3">*κεχρ-ος</b>) which do not occur.