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ἔαρ: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=(A), τό, Hom. (only gen. [[ἔαρος]]), etc.; contr. ἦρ <span class="bibl">Alcm.76</span>: gen., dat., [[ἦρος]], [[ἦρι]], Lyr. (<span class="bibl">Alc.45</span>), Att., and prob. Ion., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.77</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>1.1</span> (but [[ἔαρος]] is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, <span class="bibl">7.162</span>, al., Hp.l.c.): poet. gen., dat., [[εἴαρος]], [[εἴαρι]] (metri gr.), <span class="bibl">Alcm.26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>174</span> ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἤαρος]]), and later Poets (whence was formed late nom. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> εἶαρ Numen. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.9.371e</span>, Ter.Maur.653); cf. Hdn.Gr.1.408 (Hes. used [[ἔαρ]] as a monos., and [[ἔαρι]] as a trochee, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>492</span>,<span class="bibl">462</span>):—[[spring]], ἔαρος δ' ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρῃ <span class="bibl">Il.6.148</span>; <b class="b3">ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο</b> early [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.519</span>; ἔαρι πολεῖν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>462</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ ἔαρι</b> at the beginning of [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.117</span>, <span class="bibl">6.8</span>; πρὸς ἔαρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.56</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ ἔ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">17</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ τὸ ἔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.3.116</span>; ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1137</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ <span class="bibl">Cratin.33</span>; also of the [[prime]], [[flower]] of anything, ἔφηβοι . . | |Definition=(A), τό, Hom. (only gen. [[ἔαρος]]), etc.; contr. [[ἦρ]] <span class="bibl">Alcm.76</span>: gen., dat., [[ἦρος]], [[ἦρι]], Lyr. (<span class="bibl">Alc.45</span>), Att., and prob. Ion., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.77</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>1.1</span> (but [[ἔαρος]] is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, <span class="bibl">7.162</span>, al., Hp.l.c.): poet. gen., dat., [[εἴαρος]], [[εἴαρι]] (metri gr.), <span class="bibl">Alcm.26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>174</span> ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἤαρος]]), and later Poets (whence was formed late nom. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[εἶαρ]] Numen. ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.9.371e</span>, Ter.Maur.653); cf. Hdn.Gr.1.408 (Hes. used [[ἔαρ]] as a monos., and [[ἔαρι]] as a trochee, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>492</span>,<span class="bibl">462</span>):—[[spring]], ἔαρος δ' ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρῃ <span class="bibl">Il.6.148</span>; <b class="b3">ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο</b> early [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.519</span>; ἔαρι πολεῖν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>462</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ ἔαρι</b> at the beginning of [[spring]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.117</span>, <span class="bibl">6.8</span>; πρὸς ἔαρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.56</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ ἔ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">17</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ τὸ ἔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.3.116</span>; ἐξ ἦρος εἰς Ἀρκτοῦρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1137</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ <span class="bibl">Cratin.33</span>; also of the [[prime]], [[flower]] of anything, ἔφηβοι . . ἔαρ τοῦ δήμου <span class="bibl">Demad.<span class="title">Fr.</span>4S.</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.162</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1411a3</span>; <b class="b3">ἔαρ ὁρόωσα</b> [[looking]] [[fresh]] and [[bright]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.13.45</span>; <b class="b3">γενύων ἔαρ</b> [[the first down]] on a youth's face, <span class="title">AP</span>6.242 (Crin.); <b class="b3">ὕμνων ἔαρ</b> the [[freshest]], [[brightest]] of their kind, ib.<span class="bibl">7.12</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἔαρ τῶν πτερῶν</b>, of a [[peacock]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Dom.</span>11</span>. (ϝεςṛ-, cf. [[γέαρ]], γίαρ[ες], Lat. [[ver]], Skt. vasantas, Lith. vasara '[[summer]]'.)</span><br />(B) or [[εἶαρ]] (Hsch. [[ἦαρ]], [[ἴαρα]]), τό, in Alex. Poets, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[blood]], λύθρῳ τε καὶ εἴαρι πεπλήθασι Call.Fr.anon.<span class="bibl">20</span>; Αἰακίδαο εἴαρος <span class="bibl">Euph.39.3</span>; τὸ δ' ἐκ μέλαν εἶαρ ἔλαπτεν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>314</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>2.618</span>; cf. [[εἰαροπότης]], [[εἰαροπῶτις]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[juice]], εἶαρ ἐλαίης <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>87</span>; ἐκ λύχνου πῖον ἔλειξαν ἔαρ <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>201</span>. (Cypr. acc. to Hsch.; identified with [[ἔαρ]] [[spring]], by <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>307.44</span>, Suid.; cf. Skt. ásṛk, gen. asnás, Lett. asinis '[[blood]]'.)</span> | ||
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|dgtxt=(ἔᾰρ) ἔαρος, τό<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> [[εἶαρ]] Call.<i>Fr</i>.523, Euph.67.3, Nic.<i>Al</i>.314, Hsch.; ἦαρ Hsch.; ἶαρ Hsch.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[sangre]] κονίστραι ... λύθρῳ τε καὶ εἴαρι πεπλήθασι Call.<i>Fr</i>.328, Αἰακίδαο εἴαρος Euph.l.c., τὸ δ' ἐκ μέλαν [[εἶαρ]] ἔδαπτεν Call.l.c., cf. Nic.l.c., φόνοιο θερμὸν ἔ. Opp.<i>H</i>.2.618, ἔ. | |dgtxt=(ἔᾰρ) ἔαρος, τό<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> [[εἶαρ]] Call.<i>Fr</i>.523, Euph.67.3, Nic.<i>Al</i>.314, Hsch.; ἦαρ Hsch.; ἶαρ Hsch.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[sangre]] κονίστραι ... λύθρῳ τε καὶ εἴαρι πεπλήθασι Call.<i>Fr</i>.328, Αἰακίδαο εἴαρος Euph.l.c., τὸ δ' ἐκ μέλαν [[εἶαρ]] ἔδαπτεν Call.l.c., cf. Nic.l.c., φόνοιο θερμὸν ἔ. Opp.<i>H</i>.2.618, ἔ.· chipr. [[αἷμα]] Hsch., cf. Sud., Sch.Er.<i>Il</i>.19.87b, <i>EM</i> 294.47G.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[aceite]] ἐκ λύχνου πῖον ἔλειξαν ἔ. Call.<i>SHell</i>.259.22, [[εἶαρ]] ἐλαίης Nic.<i>Al</i>.87.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> Tema en *<i>r</i> proc. de un ant. heterócl.; cf. het. <i>ešḫar</i>, <i>eš(ḫa)naš</i>, ai. <i>ásṛg</i>, <i>asnás</i>, toc. A <i>ysār</i>, B <i>yasar</i>, lat. <i>aser</i>, <i>assar</i>-, etc. < *<i>esH1r/n</i>; es dud. si [[εἶαρ]] / ἦαρ proceden de un alarg. métr. o son formas originarias c. voc. larga.<br />(ἔᾰρ) ἔαρος, τό<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> contr. Ϝῆρ Alcm.20.3; ἦρ Alc.367, Sapph.136, Stesich.34, Ibyc.5.1, <i>h.Cer</i>.455, Hdt.1.77; ἤαρ <i>h.Cer</i>.174, Aret.<i>CA</i> 2.3.15; [[εἶαρ]] Hes.<i>Fr</i>.70.13, Antig.<i>SHell</i>.47, Numen.Her.<i>SHell</i>.582, Ter.Maur.653, Nonn.<i>D</i>.42.293; [[γέαρ]]. Hsch.; [[γίαρ]] Hsch.<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ἔα- medido c. sinicesis, Hes.<i>Op</i>.462, 492]<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[primavera]]<br /><b class="num">a)</b> en una división del año en dos periodos («θέρος» y «χειμών») [[comienzo del verano]], época en que comienzan las campañas militares y se puede navegar [[ἅμα]] δὲ τῷ ἦρι εὐθύς ἀρχομένῳ τοῦ ἐπιγιγνομένου θέρους Th.6.94, cf. 8.61, [[ἅμα]] ἦρι τοῦ ἐπιγιγνομένου θέρους Th.4.117, cf. Th.6.8, 8.7, αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐγένοντο τελευτῶντος τοῦ χειμῶνος [[ἅμα]] ἦρι Th.5.20;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> prob. en una división del año en tres estaciones [[primavera]], época en la que florecen los bosques ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δ' ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη <i>Il</i>.6.148, ἦρος ἀνθεμόεντος ἐπάιον ἐρχομένοιο Alc.367, canta el ruiseñor ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο cuando acaba de nacer la primavera</i>, <i>Od</i>.19.519<br /><b class="num">•</b>estación idónea para remover la tierra ἔαρι πολεῖν Hes.<i>Op</i>.462, cf. X.<i>Oec</i>.16.12, no ha llegado aún el tiempo de segar, <i>h.Cer</i>.455, comienza tras el orto vespertino de Arturo, Hes.<i>Op</i>.569<br /><b class="num">•</b>otras señales de su comienzo ἔ. γινόμενον πολιόν cuando la primavera se haga esplendorosa</i> Hes.<i>Op</i>.492, cf. 477, ἔαρος πύλαι Alc.296b.3, cf. <i>h.Cer</i>.174<br /><b class="num">•</b>op. «χειμών» y «θέρος»: τὸν ἀμφὶ τὸν χειμῶνα χρόνον διῆγεν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι ἑπτὰ μῆνας ... τὸν δὲ ἀμφὶ τὸ ἐ. τρεῖς μῆνας ἐν Σούσοις· τὴν δὲ ἀκμὴν τοῦ θέρους δύο μῆνας ἐν Ἐκβατάνοις del rey Ciro, X.<i>Cyr</i>.8.6.22<br /><b class="num">•</b>sobre el momento del año en que empieza Αἰγυπτίοις καὶ Εὐδόξῳ ἔαρος [[ἀρχή]]· ζέφυρος ἄρχεται πνεῖν, ref. al 13 del mes Mechir, i.e. el 7 de febrero, Eudox.<i>Fr</i>.226, ὠνομάσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν (<i>sc</i>. Ἀθηνᾶν) καὶ «Τριτογένειαν» ἀπὸ τοῦ τρὶς μεταβάλλειν αὐτῆς τὴν φύσιν κατ' ἐνιαυτόν, ἔαρος καὶ θέρους καὶ χειμῶνος D.S.1.12.8, cf. Eus.<i>PE</i> 3.3.7;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> en una división del año en cuatro estaciones de parecida duración [[primavera]]: como la última estación θέρος καὶ χεῖμα κὠπώραν τρίταν καὶ τέτρατον τὸ Ϝῆρ Alcm.l.c.<br /><b class="num">•</b>la segunda estación τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐς τέσσερα μέρεα [[διαιρέω]] ... χειμῶνα, ἦρ, θέρος, φθινόπωρον Hp.<i>Vict</i>.3.68, cf. D.L.7.152, Ph.1.11, Ath.Al.<i>Gent</i>.29<br /><b class="num">•</b>la primera estación del año διαιρεῖται ὁ [[ἐνιαύσιος]] χρόνος εἰς μέρη δ̅, [[ἔαρ]] θέρος φθινόπωρον καὶ χειμῶνα Gem.1.9, cf. Call.<i>Cer</i>.122, Ptol.<i>Tetr</i>.1.10.1, <i>Orac.Sib</i>.2.327, <i>Theol.Ar</i>.20, es comparada con la infancia (primera de las cuatro etapas del hombre), Gal.1.522, Theo.Sm.98, Steph.<i>in Gal</i>.1.242, Clem.<i>Paed</i>.1.5.20<br /><b class="num">•</b>la tercera estación θέρη, χειμῶνες καὶ ἔαρος καὶ μετοπώρου τροπαί Ph.1.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>comienza con el equinoccio de primavera ἦρ δὲ ἀπὸ ἰσημερίης μέχρι πληιάδων ἐπιτολῆς Hp.<i>Vict</i>.3.68, cf. Arat.514, Gem.2.17, Ph.2.206<br /><b class="num">•</b>altera ciertos humores corporales, Hp.<i>Aph</i>.3.20, Gal.5.698<br /><b class="num">•</b>sobre su duración ἐξ ἦρος εἰς ἀρκτοῦρον ἑκμήνους (ἐμμ- cód.) χρόνους S.<i>OT</i> 1137, ἔ.· ὁ μετὰ χειμῶνα τριμηνιαῖος καιρός Hsch.<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. πρωὶ ... τοῦ ἦρος Hp.<i>Epid</i>.1.1, cf. X.<i>Cyn</i>.4.11, Arist.<i>HA</i> 543<sup>a</sup>8, Bio <i>Fr</i>.2.1, Opp.<i>H</i>.587, Str.15.1.17, ἄκρου τοῦ ἔαρος <i>IPE</i> 1<sup>2</sup>.352.38 (II a.C.);<br /><b class="num">d)</b> en una división del año en siete estaciones ὧραι δ' ἐνιαύσιοι ἑπτά ... Φυταλιά, Ἔαρ, Θέρος ... Hp.<i>Hebd</i>.4, cf. Gal.17(1).18;<br /><b class="num">e)</b> sin que conste el preciso número de estaciones<br /><b class="num">•</b>la estación en la que comienzan las campañas militares [[ἅμα]] τὸ ἔαρι πειρᾶσθαι τῆς Πελοποννήσου Hdt.8.113, cf. 1.77, 8.109, X.<i>HG</i> 4.8.7, ἐπειδὴ ἔ. ὑπέφαινε, συνήγαγε μὲν ἅπαν τὸ στράτευμα X.<i>HG</i> 3.4.16, 5.4.59<br /><b class="num">•</b>es posible la navegación de altura, εἴαρι ποντοπορήσεις Nonn.<i>D</i>.4.114, cf. X.<i>HG</i> 4.8.7, Hld.5.20.5<br /><b class="num">•</b>la estación en que florecen las plantas ἦρι ... μηλίδες ... θαλέθοισιν en primavera los membrillos florecen</i> Ibyc.l.c., οἷά τε φύλλα φύει πολυάνθεμος ὥρη ἔαρος como la estación florida de la primavera hace brotar las hojas</i> Mimn.2.2, cf. Numen.Her.l.c., ὥτε φοινικανθέμου ἦρος ἀκμᾷ en la culminación de la primavera</i>, a mediados de la primavera</i> Pi.<i>P</i>.4.64, ἦρος ἐν ὥρᾳ ... ὁπόταν πλάτανος πτελέᾳ ψιθυρίζῃ Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1008, cf. Theoc.22.43, Aret.l.c., LXX <i>Nu</i>.13.20, Gr.Nyss.<i>Ep</i>.12.1<br /><b class="num">•</b>llega la golondrina a Grecia ἦρος ἄγγελος ... ἀήδων Sapph.l.c., cf. Simon.92.2, Stesich.34, Basil.<i>Ep</i>.20, [[proverb|prov.]] μία χελιδὼν ἔ. οὐ ποιεῖ Cratin.35, cf. <i>SEG</i> 29.77 (vaso ático VI/V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>sopla el céfiro Arist.<i>Pr</i>.861<sup>a</sup>25<br /><b class="num">•</b>florecen las rosas <i>IUrb.Rom</i>.1344.3 (II d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>alabada como la mejor estación del año ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ ἐστι τὸ ἐ. δοκιμώτατον Hdt.7.162, θαλερὸν καὶ γόνιμον καὶ προσηνές Plu.2.364b, [[proverb|prov.]] «τὸ [[ἔαρ]] ἐκ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐξαιρεῖν» escoger del año, la primavera</i> i.e. quedarse con lo mejor, Arist.<i>Rh</i>.1141<sup>a</sup>3, 1365<sup>a</sup>33, Plu.2.1087b<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. Thgn.777, I.<i>AI</i> 2.305, Nonn.<i>D</i>.42.293, D.P.<i>Au</i>.1.11;<br /><b class="num">f)</b> en una división fig. del año en «[[ἔαρ]]» y «χειμών» τὸ δὲ ἀνθρώπινον [[ἄνθος]] [[ἅπαξ]] ἡ φύσις κατὰ τὸ ἔ. τῆς νεότητος δείξασα [[εἶτα]] ἀπέσβεσε, τῷ χειμῶνι τοῦ [[γήρως]] ἐναφανίσασα Gr.Nyss.<i>Virg</i>.276.3;<br /><b class="num">g)</b> entre los judíos, en una div. del año en dos épocas op. θέρος ‘verano’, ‘estación fértil’, ψῦχος καὶ καῦμα, θέρος καὶ [[ἔαρ]], ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα οὐ καταπαύσουσιν LXX <i>Ge</i>.8.22, cf. <i>Ps</i>.73.17.<br /><b class="num">2</b> fig. [[la flor]], [[lo mejor]], [[lo más selecto]] τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸ ἔ. lo mejor del año</i> Hdt.7.162, cf. Arist.<i>Rh</i>.1411<sup>a</sup>3, [[Δημάδης]] ... ἔλεγε ... [[ἔαρ]] δὲ τοῦ δήμου τοὺς ἐφήβους Demad.68, τὸ ἔ. τῶν πτερῶν el esplendor de las plumas</i> del pavo real, Luc.<i>Dom</i>.11, Σμέρδις, τὸ Πόθων ἔ. <i>AP</i> 7.29 (Antip.Sid.), cf. 7.599 (Iul.Aegypt.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[frescura]], [[encanto]], [[viveza]] ὕμνων ἔ. <i>AP</i> 7.12, ἔ. θ' ὁρόωσα con mirada de primavera</i>, e.e., encantadora, Theoc.13.45<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[lo primero]], [[el albor]] καὶ μὴ παροδευσάτω ἡμᾶς [[ἄνθος]] ἔαρος y no se nos escape ninguna flor primaveral</i> del amor juvenil, LXX <i>Sap</i>.2.7, τὸ γενύων ἔ. ref. al bozo juvenil <i>AP</i> 6.242 (Crin.).<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> De *<i>u̯es°r</i>, ant. heterócl. que corresponde a temas en *<i>r</i>, cf. lat. <i>uēr</i>, aisl. <i>vā́r</i>, o en *<i>n</i>, cf. aesl. <i>vesna</i>. | ||
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|etymtx=1. <b class="b3">-ρος</b><br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[blood]], metaph. [[sap]] (Call.; acc to H. Cyprian).<br />Other forms: (also [[εἶαρ]], [[ἦαρ]])<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">εἰαροπότης αἱμοπότης</b>, [[ψυχοπότης]] H.; [[εἰαροπῶτις]] acc. to schol. T [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἠεροφοῖτις]] ([[Ἐρινύς]]) Τ 87 (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 114 m. n. 1).<br />Derivatives: None<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [343] <b class="b2">*h₁esh₂-r̥</b> [[blood]]<br />Etymology: Old word for blood: Hitt. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=1. <b class="b3">-ρος</b><br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[blood]], metaph. [[sap]] (Call.; acc to H. Cyprian).<br />Other forms: (also [[εἶαρ]], [[ἦαρ]])<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">εἰαροπότης αἱμοπότης</b>, [[ψυχοπότης]] H.; [[εἰαροπῶτις]] acc. to schol. T [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἠεροφοῖτις]] ([[Ἐρινύς]]) Τ 87 (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 114 m. n. 1).<br />Derivatives: None<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [343] <b class="b2">*h₁esh₂-r̥</b> [[blood]]<br />Etymology: Old word for blood: Hitt. <b class="b2">ešḫar</b>, gen. <b class="b2">eš(ḫa)naš</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">ásr̥k</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asnáḥ</b>, Lat. [[aser]] (Gloss., Paul. Fest.; form uncertain), Toch. AB [[ysār]], B [[yasar]], Latv. [[asins]]; extended form in Arm. [[ar-iwn]] (Kortlandt, Armeniaca 2003, 131f.. < <b class="b2">*esar</b>). The original <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stem is maintained in Hitt. and Skt. - The vowellength will be due to metrical lengthening (old, Schulze Q. 165f.). - As in Greek by [[αἷμα]] (s. d.) the word was replaced in Latin and Sanskrit ([[sanguis]], <b class="b2">rudhirám</b> cf. on [[ἐρυθρός]]).<br />2. [[ἔαρος]]<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[spring]] (Il.; cf Schwyzer 251).<br />Other forms: also [[ἦρος]], [[ἦρι]] (Att., also Ion. and Alc.) with new nom. [[ἦρ]] (Alcm.)<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐαρί-δρεπτος</b> [[picked in spring]] (Pi.), <b class="b3">ἐαρο-τρεφής</b> (Mosch.) etc.<br />Derivatives: [[ἐαρινός]] (also <b class="b3">εἰ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἠ-</b> like [[εἴαρος]] through metrical lengthening), poet. also [[ἠρινός]] [[belonging to the spring]] (Il.); idem [[ἐάρτερος]] (Nic. Th. 380, with contrasting <b class="b3">-τερος</b>, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); <b class="b3">ἐαρίδας τὰς κανθαρίδας</b> H.; on the semantics Strömberg Wortstudien 13. - Denomin. verb [[ἐαρίζω]] <b class="b2">bloom as in spring etc.</b> (Pl.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1174] <b class="b2">*u̯es-r̥</b> [[spring]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">γέαρ ἔαρ</b> H. and Hom. prosody (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) one concludes to [[Ϝέαρ]], from <b class="b3">*Ϝέσαρ</b>, an old <b class="b2">r-n-</b>stem: Av. loc. [[vaŋri]] < <b class="b2">*vasr-i</b> [[in spring]], Arm. [[gar-un]] [[spring]], Lith. <b class="b2">vasar-à</b> [[summer]]; OCS etc. [[vesn-a]] [[spring]], Skt. <b class="b2">vasan-tá-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. <b class="b2">heman-tá-</b> [[winter]], s. [[χειμών]]). On the Celtic forms s. Pok 1174. - Beside IE <b class="b2">*u̯es-r-</b>, <b class="b2">*u̯es-n-</b> Lat. [[vēr]], ONord. [[vār]] n. (<b class="b2">o-</b>stem). Porzig Gliederung 110f. suggests, that Lat.-Germ. <b class="b2">*u̯ēr-</b> was changed after the wordt for [[year]], IE <b class="b2">*i̯ēr-</b> (s. [[ὥρα]]). - With [[ἐαρινός]] cf. Lith. <b class="b2">vasarìnis</b> [[of the summer]] and Lat. [[vernus]] (like [[hibernus]], [[hornus]]). | ||
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|ftr='''ἔαρ''': 1. -ρος<br />{éar}<br />'''Forms''': (auch [[εἶαρ]], ἦαρ)<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Blut]], übertr. [[Saft]] (Kall., Euph., Nik. u. a.; nach H. kyprisch).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[εἰαροπότης]] | |ftr='''ἔαρ''': 1. -ρος<br />{éar}<br />'''Forms''': (auch [[εἶαρ]], ἦαρ)<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Blut]], übertr. [[Saft]] (Kall., Euph., Nik. u. a.; nach H. kyprisch).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[εἰαροπότης]]· [[αἱμοπότης]], [[ψυχοπότης]] H.; [[εἰαροπῶτις]] nach schol. Τ [[varia lectio|v.l.]] für [[ἠεροφοῖτις]] ([[Ἐρινύς]]) Τ 87 (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 114 m. A. 1).<br />'''Derivative''': Keine Ableitungen.<br />'''Etymology''' : Altererbte Benennung des Blutes: heth. ''ešḫar'', Gen. ''eš''(''ḫa'')''naš'', aind. ''ásr̥k'', Gen. ''asnáḥ'', lat. ''aser'' (Gloss., Paul. Fest.; Form unsicher), toch. AB ''ysār'', B ''yasar'', lett. ''asins''; erweiterte Form wahrscheinlich in arm. ''ar''-''iwn''. Der ursprüngliche ''r''-''n''-Stamm, im Heth. und Aind. noch erhalten, ist sonst ausgeglichen. — Griech. ἦαρ und [[εἶαρ]] sind nicht eindeutig. Eine ursprüngliche Vokallänge (Schulze Q. 165f.) ist sehr wohl möglich (vgl. zu [[ἧπαρ]]); metrische Dehnung ist indessen nicht ausgeschlossen. Überhaupt ist die Frage des Anlauts nicht aufgeklärt; neben ''e'' sind eine oder mehrere Reduktionsstufen anzusetzen. — Wie im Griech. durch [[αἷμα]] (s. d.) wurde auch im Latein und Aind. das alte Wort durch andere Ausdrücke, ''sanguis'', bzw. ''rudhirám'' (s. zu [[ἐρυθρός]]), ersetzt.<br />'''Page''' 1,432<br />2. ἔαρος,<br />{éar}<br />'''Forms''': auch [[ἦρος]], [[ἦρι]] (att., auch ion. und Alk.) mit neuem Nom. ἦρ (Alkm.)<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Frühling]] (seit Il.; zum Lautlichen Schwyzer 251).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied in [[ἐαρίδρεπτος]] [[im Frühling gepflückt]] (Pi.), [[ἐαροτρεφής]] (Mosch.) u. a.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[ἐαρινός]] (auch εἰ-, ἠ- wie εἴαρος u. a. durch metrische Dehnung), poet. auch [[ἠρινός]] [[zum Frühling gehörig]], [[des Frühlings]] (seit Il.); im selben Sinn [[ἐάρτερος]] (Nik. ''Th''. 380; kontrastierendes -τερος, Schwyzer-Debrunner 183); ἐαρίδας· [[τὰς]] κανθαρίδας H.; semantische Begründung bei Strömberg Wortstudien 13; — denominatives Verb [[ἐαρίζω]] [[den Frühling zubringen]] (Pl., X. u. a.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Aus γέαρ· [[ἔαρ]] H. und der hom. Prosodie (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 128) ist ein älteres ϝέαρ zu erschließen, das über urgr. *ϝέσαρ einen alten ''r''-''n''-Stamm fortsetzt: aw. Lok. ''vaŋri'' aus *''vasr''-''i'' [[im Frühling]], arm. ''gar''-''un'' [[Frühling]], Lit. ''vasar''-''à'' [[Sommer]]; aksl. usw. ''vesn''-''a'' [[Frühling]], aind. ''vasan''-''tá''- ib. (vgl. ''heman''-''tá''- [[Winter]], s. [[χειμών]]). Über keltische Formen s. WP. 1, 311 m. Lit. — Neben idg. *''u̯es''-''r''-, *''u̯es''-''n''- steht *''u̯ēr''- in lat. ''vēr'', anord. ''vār'' n. (''o''-Stamm). Eine uridg. Entwicklung ''u̯ĕsr''- > ''u̯ēr''- läßt sich selbstverständlich weder leugnen noch beweisen. Da aber wegen der starken lautlichen Ähnlichkeit ein Zusammenhang vorliegen dürfte, vermutet Porzig Gliederung 110f. ansprechend, daß lat.-germ. *''u̯ēr''- nach dem Wort für [[Jahr]], idg. *''i̯ēr''- (s. [[ὥρα]]) umgebildet wurde. — Zu [[ἐαρινός]] vgl. die gleichgebildeten lit. ''vasarìnis'' [[sommerlich]] und lat. ''vernus'' (wie ''hibernus'', ''hornus'').<br />'''Page''' 1,432-433 | ||
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==Translations== | |||
===spring=== | |||
Abkhaz: ааԥын, ааҧын, ааԥынра, ааҧынра; Adyghe: гъатхэ; Afrikaans: lente; Albanian: pranverë; Amharic: ምንጭ; Arabic: رَبِيع; Egyptian Arabic: ربيع; Aramaic Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܹܝܬ݇ܢܝܼ̈ܣܵܢܹܐ; Classical Syriac: ܬܕܐܐ; Armenian: գարուն; Aromanian: primuvearã, prumuvearã; Assamese: বসন্ত; Asturian: primavera; Atayal: ttungan abaw; Avar: их; Azerbaijani: yaz, bahar; Bashkir: яҙ; Basque: udaberri; Belarusian: вясна́; уве́сну, ўве́сну; Bengali: বসন্ত; Bikol Central: tagburakan; Breton: nevezamzer; Brunei Malay: musim bunga; Bulgarian: про́лет; Burmese: နွေဦးပေါက်; Buryat: хабар; Catalan: primavera; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵓⵜ, ⵜⴰⵍⴷⵔⴰⵔ; Chechen: бӏаьсте̄; Cherokee: ᎪᎨᏱ; Chinese Dungan: чунтян; Mandarin: 春天, 春季; Min Nan: 春, 春天; Chuvash: ҫуркунне, ҫур; Coptic: ⲉⲁⲣ; Cornish: gwenton; Crimean Tatar: baar; Czech: jaro, vesna; Danish: forår, vår; Dutch: lente, voorjaar; Erzya: тундо; Esperanto: printempo; Estonian: kevad; Even: нэгин; Evenki: ненңени; Faroese: vár; Finnish: kevät; French: printemps; Friulian: primevere, vierte; Galician: primavera; Georgian: გაზაფხული; German: [[Frühling]], [[Frühjahr]], [[Lenz]], [[Frühlingszeit]], [[Frühjahrszeit]]; Alemannic German: Früelig; Greek: [[άνοιξη]], [[έαρ]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἔαρ]]; Greenlandic: upernaaq, upernâĸ; Guaraní: arapoty; Gujarati: બસંત; Hebrew: אָבִיב; Hindi: बसन्त, वसन्त बहार; Hungarian: tavasz; Hunsrik: Frihling; Icelandic: vor; Ido: printempo; Indonesian: musim semi; Ingrian: kevät; Ingush: бӏаьсти; Interlingua: primavera; Irish: earrach; Italian: primavera; Japanese: 春, 春季, 春期; Jeju: 봄; Kabyle: tafsut; Kalmyk: хавр; Kannada: ವಸಂತ; Karachay-Balkar: джаз; Karelian: kevät; Kashmiri: سونٛتھ, بَہار; Kazakh: көктем; Khakas: часхы; Khmer: ឧតុរាជ; Klamath-Modoc: sqo; Komi-Permyak: тулыс; Korean: 봄, 춘계; Kurdish Central Kurdish: بەھار; Gurani: wehar; Northern Kurdish: bihar; Zazaki: wesar; Kyrgyz: жаз; Ladin gherdëina: ansciuda; badiot: aisciöda; fascian: aisciuda; Lao: ວະສັນ, ວະສັນຕະ, ວະສັນຕະຣະດູ, ລະດູບານໃໝ່; Latin: [[ver]]; Latvian: pavasaris; Lezgi: гатфар; Lithuanian: pavasaris; Livonian: kievād; Low German German Low German: Fröhjohr, Fröhjohrstiet, Vörjohr, Blöhtiet; Luxembourgish: Fréijoer; Macedonian: пролет; Malay: musim semi, musim bunga; Malayalam: വസന്തം; Maltese: rebbiegħa; Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ; Mansi: тӯя̄; Manx: Yn Arragh; Maori: kōanga, aroaromahana; Marathi: बसन्त; Mari Eastern Mari: шошо; Middle Korean: 봄〮; Mingrelian: აფუნი; Mirandese: primabera; Moksha: тунда; Mongolian: хавар; Montagnais: shikuan; Muong: mùa xân, xân; Mòcheno: langes; Nanai: ненгне; Navajo: daan; Nivkh: ӿонф; Nogai: язлык; Norman: r'nouvé, èrnouvé, renouvé; Norwegian: vår; Occitan: prima; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: весна; Old East Slavic: весна; Old English: lencten; Old French: printans; Old Norse: vár; Oriya: ବସନ୍ତ; Oromo: arfaasaa; Ossetian: уалдзӕг; Pashto: پسرلۍ; Persian: بهار; Plautdietsch: Farjoa; Polish: wiosna; Portuguese: primavera; Punjabi: ਬਸੰਤ; Romani: primavara; Romanian: primăvară; Romansch: primavaira; Russian: [[весна]]; Rusyn: ярь; Sami Northern: giđđa; Southern: gïjre; Sanskrit: कुसुमाकर, वसन्त; Sardinian: banau, baranu, benau, beranu, veranu; Scots: voar; Scottish Gaelic: earrach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: про̀леће, про̀љеће, пролиће, пролитје; Roman: pròleće, pròljeće, proliće, prolitje; Shor: часқы; Sicilian: primavera; Sindhi: بَہارَ; Sinhalese: වසන්ත ඍතුව; Slovak: jar; Slovene: pomlád; Somali: gu’; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: nalěśe, nalěto; Upper Sorbian: nalěćo; Southern Altai: јас; Southern Ohlone: tiusa pire; Spanish: [[primavera]]; Swahili: masika, majira ya chipuko, kipindi cha demani; Swedish: vår; Tagalog: tagsibol; Tajik: баҳор; Tamil: வசந்த காலம்; Tatar: яз; Telugu: వసంత ఋతువు, పుష్పసమయము; Thai: ใบไม้ผลิ, ฤดูใบไม้ผลิ, หน้าใบไม้ผลิ; Tibetan: དཔྱིད; Tlingit: khukalt'éex' ká; Turkish: ilkbahar, bahar; Turkmen: ýaz, bahar; Tày: xuân, bó; Udmurt: тулыс; Ukrainian: весна́; Ulch: неӈне; Urdu: بسنت, بہار; Uyghur: باھار, ئەتىياز; Uzbek: bahor; Venetian: verta, vèrta; Veps: keväz'; Vietnamese: mùa xuân, xuân; Vilamovian: fiywyt; Volapük: florüp; Votic: tševäd; Võro: kevväi; Walloon: bontins, prétins; Welsh: gwanwyn; West Frisian: maaitiid, maitiid, foarjier; Winnebago: weeną; Wolof: noor; Xhosa: intwasahlobo; Yagnobi: буҳор; Yakut: саас; Yiddish: פֿרילינג; Yoruba: sípíríǹgì, ìgbà ìrúwé; Yup'ik: up'nerkaq; Zazaki: wesar, vasar; Zhuang: mboq; Zulu: intwasahlobo | |||
===blood=== | |||
Abai: daaʔ; Abkhaz: ашьа; Acehnese: darah; Adyghe: лъы; Afrikaans: bloed; Aguaruna: numpa; Ahom: 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫; Ainu: ケㇺ, ケミヒ; Aiton: လိုတ်; Akkadian: 𒄷𒄭; Aklanon: dugo'; Albanian: gjak; Aleut: aamaaxs; Ama: nako; Amharic: ደም; Apache Western Apache: dił; Apalaí: munu; Arabic: دِمَاء, دَم; Egyptian Arabic: دم; Aragonese: sangre; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܕܡܐ; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דְּמָא; Archi: би; Armenian: արյուն; Old Armenian: արիւն; Aromanian: sãndzi, sãndze; Assamese: তেজ; Asturian: sangre; Avar: би; Aymara: wila; Azerbaijani: qan; Bahnar: pham; Balinese: getih; Baluchi: ہون; Bambara: jòli; Banda Malay: darah; Banjarese: darah; Bashkir: ҡан; Basque: odol; Belarusian: кроў; Bengali: রক্ত; Borôro: kure; Bouyei: liad; Breton: gwad; Bulgarian: кръв; Burmese: သွေး; Buryat: шуһан; Camarines Norte Agta: digî; Catalan: sang; Cebuano: dugo; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ; Central Huishui Hmong: ntshav; Central Melanau: daak; Central Nahuatl: eztli; Chakma: 𑄣𑄮; Chamicuro: iila; Chavacano: sangre; Chechen: цӏий; Chepang: वयः; Cherokee: ᎩᎦ; Cheyenne: ma'e; Chichewa: magazi, mwazi; Chinese Cantonese: 血; Dungan: ще; Jin: 血; Mandarin: 血; Min Bei: 血; Min Dong: 血; Min Nan: 血; Wu: 血; Xiang: 血; Chukchi: мутԓымуԓ, муԓԓымуԓ; Chuvash: юн; Classical Nahuatl: eztli; Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟϥ; Cornish: goes, goos; Corsican: sangui; Crimean Tatar: qan; Czech: krev; Dalmatian: suang; Danish: blod; Dargwa: хӀи; Dhivehi: ލޭ; Dolgan: каан; Dongxiang: chusun; Drung: sheui; Dutch: bloed; Dzongkha: ཁྲག; Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꩍ; Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: eztli; Erzya: верь; Esperanto: sango; Estonian: veri; Evenki: сэксэ; Ewe: evu; Extremaduran: sangri; Faroese: blóð; Finnish: veri; Franco-French: sang; Friulian: sanc, sang; Fula: ƴiiƴam; Gagauz: kan; Galician: sangue; Georgian: სისხლი; German: Blut; Middle High German: bluot; Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸; Greek: αίμα; Ancient Greek: αἷμα, ἔαρ; Greenlandic: aak; Gujarati: રક્ત; Haitian Creole: san; Harari: ደም; Hausa: jini; Hawaiian: koko; Hebrew: דָּם; Hiligaynon: dugo; Hindi: ख़ून, रक्त; Hungarian: vér; Icelandic: blóð; Ido: sango; Igbo: obara; Ilocano: dara; Indonesian: darah; Ingush: цӏий; Interlingua: sanguine; Inuktitut: ᐊᐅᒃ; Inupiaq: auk; Irish: fuil; Old Irish: fuil; Istro-Romanian: sănze; Italian: sangue; Itelmen: mɫim; Iu Mien: nziaamv; Ivatan: raya; Japanese: 血, 血液; Jarai: drah; Javanese: ꦒꦼꦠꦶꦃ; Kabardian: лъы; Kabuverdianu: sangi, sange; Kalmyk: цусн; Kannada: ರಕತ; Kapampangan: daya; Karachay-Balkar: къан; Karakalpak: qan; Karok: áax; Kashubian: krew; Kazakh: қан; Khakas: хан; Khanty Northern: вур; Southern: вәр; Khinalug: пӏи; Khmer: ឈាម, លោហិត; Kikuyu: thakame; Komi-Permyak: вир; Korean: 피; Kumyk: къан; Kurdish Central Kurdish: خوێن; Northern Kurdish: xûn, xwîn; Kyrgyz: кан; Ladino: sangre, סאנגרי; Lao: ເລືອດ; Latgalian: asnis; Latin: sanguis, cruor; Latvian: asinis; Lepcha: ᰟᰧ; Lezgi: иви; Ligurian: sangre; Limbu: ᤔᤠ᤺ᤰᤜᤡ; Lingala: makilá 6; Lithuanian: kraũjas; Livonian: ver, vier; Lolopo: sirnilni; Lombard: sang, sang'u; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: blood; German Low German: Blood, Bloot; Luganda: omusaayi; Luxembourgish: Blutt; Lü: ᦵᦟᦲᧆ; Macedonian: крв; Maguindanao: rugu; Malagasy: ra; Malay: darah; Malayalam: രക്തം, ചോര; Maltese: demm; Manchu: ᠰᡝᠩᡤᡳ; Mansaka: apul; Manx: fuill; Maori: toto; Maranao: dara, rogoq; Marathi: रक्त; Mari Eastern Mari: вӱр; Western Mari: вӹр; Massachusett: musquéheonk; Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi; Mirandese: sangre; Miyako: アカツ; Mogholi: chosun; Moksha: вер; Mon: ဆီ; Mongolian: цус; Mulam: phɣaːt⁷, phjet⁷; Nanai: сэксэ, сэксэ; Navajo: dił; Neapolitan: sanghe; Nepali: रगत; Newar: हि; Nganasan: кам; Ngarrindjeri: kruwi; Nihali: corṭo; Nogai: кан; Nong Zhuang: lowd; North Frisian: Blör; Northern Sami: varra; Northern Norwegian Bokmål: blod; Nynorsk: blod; Nottoway-Meherrin: gatkum; Nuer: riɛm; Occitan: sang; Ojibwe: miskwi; Okinawan: 血; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: крꙑ; Glagolitic: ⰽⱃⱏⰺ; Old East Slavic: кръвь; Old English: blōd; Old Javanese: rah; Old Norse: blóð; Old Occitan: sang; Oriya: ରକ୍ତ; Oromo: dhiiga; Ossetian: тог, туг; Pacoh: aham; Pashto: وينه; Persian: خون, خین; Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌; Piedmontese: sangh; Pipil: esti, ezti; Pite Sami: málle; Plautdietsch: Bloot; Polish: krew, jucha, posoka,arba; Portuguese: sangue; Punjabi: ਲਹੂ, ਖ਼ੂਨ, ਰੱਤ; Quechua: yawar; Rajasthani: रगत; Romani: rat; Romanian: sânge; Romansch: sang; Russian: кровь, ю́шка; Rusyn: кровь; Rwanda-Rundi: amaraso; S'gaw Karen: သွံၣ်; Saek: หล้วด; Samoan: toto; Samogitian: kraus; Sanskrit: असृज्; Santali: ᱨᱳᱠᱳᱛ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ; Sardinian: sàmbani, sàmbeni, sàmbini, sànghini, sànguni, sangu, sàngui; Saterland Frisian: Bloud; Scots: blude, bluid; Scottish Gaelic: fuil; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: крв; Roman: krv; Shan: လိူတ်ႈ; Shona: ropa; Shor: қан; Sichuan Yi: ꌦ; Sicilian: sancu, sangu; Sindhi: رت; Sinhalese: ලේ, රුධිර; Skolt Sami: võrr; Slavomolisano: krv; Slovak: krv; Slovene: kri; Somali: dhiig; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: kšej; Upper Sorbian: krej; Sotho: madi; Southern Altai: кан; Spanish: sangre, crúor; Sudovian: krauja; Sundanese: getih; Svan: ზისხ; Swahili: damu; Swedish: blod; Sylheti: ꠟꠃ; Tabasaran: ифи; Tagalog: dugo; Tai Tai Tajik: хун; Tamil: குருதி; Tangut: 𗊴; Tatar: кан; Tausug: dugu'; Tboli: lito; Telugu: రక్తం; Ter Sami: varr; Tetum: raan; Thai: เลือด, โลหิต, โรหิต; Tibetan: ཁྲག; Tigrinya: ደም; Tlingit: shé; Tocharian A: ysār; Tocharian B: yasar; Turkish: kan; Turkmen: gan; Tuvan: хан; Tzotzil: chʼichʼelil; Udi: пӏи; Udmurt: вир; Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎; Ukrainian: кров; Umbundu: osonde; Urdu: خون, رکت; Uyghur: قان; Uzbek: qon; Venetian: sangue; Veps: veri; Vietnamese: máu; Vilamovian: błüt; Volapük: blud; Voro: veri; Votic: veri; Walloon: sonk; Welsh: gwaed; West Frisian: bloed; Western White Hmong: ntshav; Wolof: deret; Xhosa: igazi 5 or 6; Yagnobi: вахн; Yakan: laha'; Yakut: хаан; Yiddish: בלוט; Yoruba: ẹ̀jẹ̀; Yucatec Maya: kʼiʼikʼ; Yup'ik: auk; Yámana: sapa; Zazaki: goni, gunî; Zealandic: bloed; Zhuang: lwed; Zulu: igazi | |||
