δίφρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, heterocl. pl. <b class="b3">δίφρα, τά,</b> <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>135</span>, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>27.238</span>: (perhaps for [[διφόρος]]):—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[chariot-board]], on which [[two]] could stand, the driver (ἡνίοχος) and the combatant (παραιβάτης), <span class="bibl">Il.5.160</span>, <span class="bibl">11.748</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>61</span>: metaph., ἕστηκεν ἐν τῷ δ. τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>566d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[chariot]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.305</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.10</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>19.3</span>, etc.; ἐϋπλέκτῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ <span class="bibl">Il.23.335</span>; μεταμείβοντος δίφρον ἐκ δίφρου <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>3.122b</span>; of the Sun's [[chariot]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>111</span>; Μοισᾶν δ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.81</span>; [[travelling-car]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.324</span>; [[litter]], δ. κατάστεγος <span class="bibl">D.C.60.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[seat]], [[couch]], [[stool]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.424</span>, <span class="bibl">6.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1164</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>, etc.; δ. Θετταλικός <span class="bibl">Eup.58</span>; = Lat. [[sella curulis]], <span class="bibl">Plb.6.53.9</span>, etc.; judge's [[seat of office]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>1.9</span>, al.; royal [[throne]], <span class="title">OGI</span>199.38 (i A. D.); [[night-stool]], <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>49(25).19</span>.</span>

|sltr=[[δίφρος]] (-ῳ, -ον; -ους) <br /><b>a</b> cockpit, [[body]] of [[chariot]]. ξεστὸν [[ὅταν]] δᾰφρον ἔν θ' ἅρματα πεισιχάλινα καταζευγνύῃ [[σθένος]] ἵππιον (P. 2.10) <br /><b>b</b> [[chariot]] ἔδωκεν δᾰφρον τε χρύσεον (O. 1.87) [[ἁνία]] τ' ἀντ ἐρετμῶν δίφ ρους τε νωμάσοισιν ἀελλόποδας (P. 4.18) ὅλον [[δίφρον]] κομίξαις (P. 5.51) ἔνεικέ τε χρυσέῳ παρθένον ἀγροτέραν δίφ' ρῳ (P. 9.6) οὐδὲ παναγυρίων ξυνᾶν ἀπεῖχον καμπύλον δίφ' ρον (I. 4.29) <br /><b>c</b> met., of the [[chariot]] of [[song]] [[εἴην]] εὐρησιεπὴς ἀναγεῖσθαι [[πρόσφορος]] ἐν Μοισᾶν δίφρῳ (O. 9.81) ἐς [[δίφρον]] Μοισᾶν ἔβαινον κλυτᾷ φόρμιγγι συναντόμενοι (I. 2.2)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">seat, chair, chariot-board, chariot</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: [[διφρίσκος]] (Ar.), [[διφρίον]] (Tim. Lex.), [[διφρίδιον]] (EM); - [[δίφραξ]] [[chair]] (Theoc.; familiar, Chantr. Form. 379), [[δίφρακον]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Samos IVa; more s. Chantr. 384); <b class="b3">δίφρις ὁ ἑδραῖος</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ καθήμενος ἀεί</b>, <b class="b3">οἷον ἀργός</b> H.; cf. [[τρόχις]] [[runner]] a. o. - Adj. [[δίφριος]] (AP). - Denomin. [[διφρεύω]] [[drive in a car]] (E.) with [[διφρευτής]] [[chariot-driver]] (S.), [[διφρευτικός]] (Ephor.), [[διφρεία]] [[driving a chariot]] (X.); more common <b class="b3">διφρ-ηλάτης</b> (Pi.) with [[διφρηλατέω]] and [[διφρηλασία]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [228] <b class="b2">*du̯i-bhr-o-</b> [[two-bearer]]<br />Etymology: Prop. "two-bearer", from [[δίς]] and [[φέρω]], <b class="b3">δί-φρ-ο-ς</b>, originally a chair with two handels or a chair carried by two (on both sides), then the box of a chariot (cf. Fraenkel [[Ἀντίδωρον]] 282). - That <b class="b3">δι-</b> in [[δίφρος]] in Homer never makes position (Solmsen Unt. 211f.), may be due to dissimilation against the following labial [[φ]] (cf. from Skt. Debrunner IF 56, 171ff., Symbolae Hrozný 110f.) or to the fact that [[δίφρος]], like [[ἱδρώς]] (Schwyzer 222 n. 5), came from the living language and was outside the tradition of the epic language.

|ftr='''δίφρος''': {díphros}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Sessel]], [[Stuhl]], [[Wagenkasten]], [[Wagen]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Mehrere Ableitungen. Deminutiva: [[διφρίσκος]] (Ar.), [[διφρίον]] (Tim. ''Lex''.), [[διφρίδιον]] (''EM''); — [[δίφραξ]] [[Stuhl]] (Theok.; familiäre Bildung, Chantraine Formation 379), [[δίφρακον]] ib. (Samos IV^a; ähnliche Bildungen bei Chantraine 384); [[δίφρις]]· ὁ [[ἑδραῖος]], καὶ καθήμενος [[ἀεί]], [[οἷον]] [[ἀργός]] H.; vgl. [[τρόχις]] [[Läufer]], [[λάτρις]] u. a. — Adj. [[δίφριος]] (''AP''). — Denominatives Verb [[διφρεύω]] [[in Wagen fahren]] (E. u. a.) mit [[διφρευτής]] [[Wagenlenker]] (S.; vgl. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 35), [[διφρευτικός]] (Ephor.), [[διφρεία]] [[das Wagenlenken]] X. u. a.); gewöhnlicher in derselben Bedeutung [[διφρηλάτης]] (Pi., Trag. usw.) mit [[διφρηλατέω]] und [[διφρηλασία]].<br />'''Etymology''' : Eig. "Zwei-Träger", Zusammenbildung von [[δίς]] und [[φέρω]] mittels des thematischen ο-Vokals, δίφρο-ς, ursprünglich einen mit zwei Henkeln versehenen Korbstuhl oder einen von zwei (an beiden Seiten) getragenen Tragsessel bezeichnend, dann auf den Wagenkasten bzw. auf einen gewöhnlichen Stuhl übertragen (vgl. Fraenkel Ἀντίδωρον 282). — Der Umstand, daß δι- in [[δίφρος]] bei Homer nie Position bildet und somit keine Spur des Digamma aufweist (Solmsen Unt. 211f.), kann durch Dissimilation gegen den folgenden Labial φ verursacht sein (ähnliche Fälle aus dem Aind. bei Debrunner IF 56, 171ff., Symbolae Hrozný 110f.) oder mag, wie z. B. bei [[ἱδρώς]] (Schwyzer 222 A. 5), darauf beruhen, daß [[δίφρος]] als Element der lebenden Sprache sich der epischen Tradition entzog. Ein Grund, deswegen für δι- [[zweifach]] auch eine idg. Grundform *''di''- (wie in [[διά]]) anzunehmen, liegt nicht vor.<br />'''Page''' 1,400-401