ὄχλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[crowd]], [[throng]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.85</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>42</span> (anap.), etc.; ἐσὄχλον ἕρπειν παρθένοισιν οὐ καλόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ὄ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν</b> the [[mass]] of the soldiers, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.64</span>, <span class="bibl">7.62</span>; μηδένα ὄ. Πελοποννησίων νεῶν <span class="bibl">Id.2.88</span>; [[ὄχλῳ]] in [[numbers]] (for an army), <span class="bibl">Id.1.80</span>; ὁ μισθοφόρος ὄ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.109</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">4.56</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τοιοῦτοι ὄ</b>. [[undisciplined masses]] like these, ib.<span class="bibl">126</span>; ὄ. μᾶλλον ἢ στρατός <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.7.1</span>; of <b class="b2">the camp-followers</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.26</span>, <span class="bibl">4.3.26</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in political sense, [[populace]], [[mob]], opp. [[δῆμος]] ([[people]]), <span class="bibl">Th.7.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>304d</span>; πρὸς ὄχλον ζῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ax.</span>368d</span>; οἱ ὁμότιμοι ὤκνουν τὴν τοῦ ὄ. ἰσομοιρίαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">δικαστηρίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὄ</b>. and [[popular assemblies]] (in a contemptuous sense), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>455a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>290a</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">δι' ὄχλου ἤδη τοῦτό γε</b> this is already [[in the mouths of the people]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Lys.</span>10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>2.13.1</span>, <span class="bibl">4.9.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[mass]], [[multitude]], ὄ. τὸν πλεῖστον λόγων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 827</span>; τὸν πλεῖστον ὄ. τῶν πραχθέντων <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.192</span>; <b class="b3">ἵππων ὄ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>191</span> (lyr.); ἄκριτος ἄστρων ὄ. <span class="bibl">Critias 19.5</span> D.; σαρκῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75e</span>: in plural, [[the masses]], καχεξία τις ὑποδέδυκε τοὺς ὄχλους <span class="bibl">Diph.24.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.161.1</span>, <span class="bibl">466.4</span>; πιθανώτεροι οἱ ἀπαίδευτοι ἐν τοῖς ὄ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[annoyance]], [[trouble]], σχολὴν ὄ. τε μέτριον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>635</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὄχλον παρέχειν</b> to give [[trouble]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>337</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 84d</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὄχλου εἶναι, γενέσθαι</b>, to be or become [[troublesome]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>888</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.73</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.103a; μάταιον ὄ. τοὺς λόγους νομίσητε <span class="bibl">D.18.214</span>; οἱ δὲ ἀντιλέγοντες ὄ. ἄλλως καὶ βασκανία κατεφαίνετο <span class="bibl">Id.19.24</span>.</span>

|astxt=[[ὄχλος]], -ου, ὁ, [in [[LXX]] for הָמוֹן ([[chiefly]] in Da TH), קָהָל,חַיִל, etc.;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>a [[moving]] [[crowd]] or [[multitude]] of persons, a [[throng]]: Mt 9:23, Mk 2:4, Lk 5:1, Jo 5:13, al.; pl., Mt 5:1, Mk 10:1, Lk 3:7, and freq.; ὄ. [[ἱκανός]], Mk 10:46, al.; [[τοσοῦτος]], Mt 15:33; οὐ μετ’ ὄχλου, Ac 24:18; [[ἄτερ]] ὄχλου, Lk 22:6; [[πᾶς]] ὁ ὄ., Mt 13:2, Mk 2:13, al.; ὄ. [[πολύς]], Mt 20:29, Mk 5:21, al.; ὁ πολὺς ὄ. (ὄ. π.), the [[populace]], the [[common]] [[people]], Mk 12:37 (Swete, in l.; Field, Notes, 37), Jo 12:9 (Westc, in l.). <br /><b class="num">2.</b>(As [[also]] cl., opp. to [[δῆμος]], [[quod vide|q.v.]], and cf. Tr., Syn., §xcviii), the [[populace]], the [[common]] [[people]] (cf. ὁ πολὺς ὄ., supr.), Mt 14:5 21:26, Mk 12:12, Jo 7:12b; so [[with]] [[contempt]] (cl.), Jo 7:49. In a [[more]] [[general]] [[sense]], a [[multitude]]: c. gen., ὀνομάτων ([[vide supra|v.s.]] ὀ.), Ac 1:15; μαθητῶν, Lk 6:17, al.

|elrutext='''ὄχλος:''' ὁ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> множество, масса, толпа (στρατοῦ Aesch.; ἵππων, ἄστρων Eur.; ἀνθρώπων, λαῶν Arph.; [[νεῶν]] Thuc.): ὁ ὄ. ὁ [[ξενικός]] Thuc. толпа иноземных наемников; ὁ ὄ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν Xen. и οἱ ὄχλοι Polyb. солдатская масса; ὄχλου [[φυγή]] Plut. = лат. poplifugia;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> обозные войска, нестроевые отряды (τὰ σκευοφόρα καὶ ὁ ὄ. Xen.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> беспорядочное скопище, толпа, чернь (πλῆθός τε καὶ ὄ. Plat.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> беспокойство, затруднение, неудобство (ὄχλον παρέχειν τινί Her., Xen.): δι᾽ ὄχλου εἶναί τινι Thuc., Arph. быть кому-л. в тягость, беспокоить кого-л.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: 1. <b class="b2">(orderless, moved) crowd, (common) multitude, great mass, throng</b>, pl. [[crowd]], [[people]]; 2. [[disturbance]], [[perturbation]], [[annoyance]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀχλο-κρατία</b> f. [[mob-rule]] (Plb., Plu., s. lit. on [[δημοκρατία]]), <b class="b3">ἄ-οχλος</b> [[without disturbances]], [[not disturbing]] (Hp.).<br />Derivatives: Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ηρός</b> [[bothersome]], [[annoying]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ηρία</b> f. (LXX); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to a great multitude]], [[mobbish]] (hell.); 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[annoying]] (IA.), [[popular]], [[common]] (Plu.). Subst. 4. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύς μοχλός</b>, [[στρόφιγξ]], [[δεσμός]] ... H.; [[ἐποχλεύς]] m. [[sprag on a cart]] (Ath.), prob. for <b class="b3">*ἐποχεύς</b>; [[ἐποχλίζομαι]] to [[be bolted]] (Apollon. Lex.). -- Denominative verbs 5. [[ὀχλέω]] <b class="b2">to put in (rolling) motion, to roll away</b> (Φ 261; <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλέω</b> = <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλίζω</b> S. E.), [[to disturb]], [[to perturb]], [[to bother]] (Ion., hell.; w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, also Att.); from it <b class="b3">ὄχλ-ησις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b> ὄχλος) f. [[bothering]], [[interference]], [[perturbation]] (Democr., hell.), (<b class="b3">ἐν-)ὄχλ-ημα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Epicur., medic.), <b class="b3">ὀχλητι-κός</b> = [[ὀχλικός]] (Procl.); 6. [[ὀχλεύονται]] = <b class="b3">ὀχλεῦνται κυλινδοῦνται</b> H.; 7. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">μετ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> a.o., [[to pull up]], [[out of place]] (Il.); 8. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-άζω</b> to [[be disturbed]], [[confused]] (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] <b class="b2">*u̯eǵh-</b> [[move]], [[drive]], [[ride]]<br />Etymology: The orig. meaning of the verbal nouns [[ὄχλος]], which was concretized as [[heap]], [[crowd]], cannot be established with more certainty; in the sense of <b class="b2">perturbation etc.</b> it may have been influenced by [[ὀχλέω]] (cf. Bosshardt 78). If one starts from <b class="b3">*Ϝόχ-(σ)λο-ς</b> (on the possible loss of a <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> in Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), [[ὄχλος]] agrees well with the well-known verb for [[drive]], [[carry]], [[bring]], [[move]] in [[Ϝέχω]] (s. 2. [[ἔχω]]), [[ὀχέομαι]], Lat. [[vehō]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵh-(s)lo-</b>; cf. the interpretations of Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. The broad sphere of meaning gives several possibiliies: *'driving, carrying, moving', resp. as nom. agentis or instr. *'driver, carryer, mover'. -- Formally identical is OWNo. [[vagl]] m. [[tiebeam]], [[roost]] (prop. *'bearing-bar, carrier'). To the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b> [[raise]], <b class="b3">ὀχλ-έω</b> [[roll away]] and to <b class="b3">ὀχλ-εύς</b> <b class="b2">lever etc.</b> agree semantically the primary nouns Lat. [[vec-tis]] and OWNo. <b class="b2">vǫg</b> (IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵhā</b>) [[lever]]. From *`move, movement' one gets both to [[moved mass]], [[mob]] and to [[spiritual movement]], [[unrest]]; the same holds for the denominative [[ὀχλέω]] (cf. [[turba]], <b class="b2">-āre</b>). -- Uncertain supposition on cross with [[μοχλός]], <b class="b3">-έω</b> in Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Older hypothesis in Bq (rejected). Wrong Belardi Doxa 3, 217. -- Further lit. s. [[ὄχος]].

|ftr='''ὄχλος''': {ókhlos}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': 1. ‘(ungeordnete, bewegte) Menschenmenge, (gemeiner) Volkshaufe, große Masse, Gedränge’, pl. [[Volksmassen]], [[Leute]]; 2. [[Beunruhigung]], [[Störung]], [[Belästigung]] (Pi., ion. att.).<br />'''Composita''' : Kompp., z.B. [[ὀχλοκρατία]] f. [[Pöbelherrschaft]] (Plb., Plu. u.a., s. Lit. zu [[δημοκρατία]]), [[ἄοχλος]] [[ohne Störungen]], [[nicht störend]] (Hp.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. Adj. 1. [[ὀχληρός]] [[belästigend]], [[lästig]] (ion. att.) mit -ηρία f. (LXX); 2. -ικός [[zum großen Haufen gehörig]], [[pöbelhaft]] (hell. u. sp.); 3. -ώδης [[belästigend]] (ion. att.), [[volkstümlich]], [[gemein]] (Plu.). Subst. 4. [[ὀχλεύς]]· [[μοχλός]]- [[στρόφιγξ]], [[δεσμός]] ... H.; [[ἐποχλεύς]] m. [[Hemmschuh am Wagen]] (Ath.), wohl für *[[ἐποχεύς]]; [[ἐποχλίζομαι]] [[verriegelt sein]] (Apollon. ''Lex''.). — Denominative Verba. 5. [[ὀχλέω]] ‘in (rollende) Bewegung setzen, wegwälzen’ (Φ 261; [[ἀνοχλέω]] = [[ἀνοχλίζω]] S. E.), [[beunruhigen]], [[stören]], [[belästigen]] (ion. poet. hell. u. sp.; m. Präfix, bes. ἐν-, auch att.); davon [[ὄχλησις]] (ἐν- ~) f. [[Belästigung]], [[Beeinträchtigung]], [[Störung]] (Demokr., hell. u. sp.), (ἐν-)[[ὄχλημα]] ib. (Epikur., Mediz. u.a.), [[ὀχλητικός]] = [[ὀχλικός]] (Prokl.); 6. ὀχλεύονται = [[ὀχλεῦνται]]· κυλινδοῦνται H.; 7. [[ὀχλίζω]], auch m. μετ-, ἀν- u.a., [[von seinem Platz rücken]], [[heben]] (ep. seit Il.); 8. [[ὀχλάζω]] [[beunruhigt]], [[verwirrt sein]] (LXX).<br />'''Etymology''' : Die urspr. Bed. des Verbalnomens [[ὄχλος]], die sich in [[Haufe]], [[Menge]] konkretisiert hat, läßt sich nicht sicher ermitteln; im Sinn von [[Beunruhigung]] kann es übrigens von [[ὀχλέω]] beeinflußt sein (vgl. Bosshardt 78). Wenn man von *ϝόχ-(σ)λος ausgeht (zum evtl. Schwund des ϝ- bei Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), schließt sich [[ὄχλος]] bequem an das wohlbekannte Verb für [[fahren]], [[führen]], [[tragen]], [[bringen]], [[bewegen]] in ϝέχω (s. 2. [[ἔχω]]), ὀχέομαι, lat. ''vehō'' usw., idg. *''u̯oĝh''-(''s'')''lo''-; vgl. die Ausführungen bei Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. Die weite Bed.sphäre öffnet leider mehrere Möglichkeiten: *’das Fahren, das Tragen, das Bewegen’, bzw. als Nom. agentis od. instr. *’der Fahrer, der Träger, der Beweger’. — Formal damit identisch ist awno. ''vagl'' m. [[Hahnenbalken]], [[Hühnerstange]] (eig. *’Tragstange, Träger’). Zum denominativen [[ὀχλίζω]] [[heben]], [[ὀχλέω]] [[wegwälzen]] und zu [[ὀχλεύς]] [[Hebel]] stimmen semantisch die primären Nomina lat. ''vec''-''tis'' und awno. ''vǫg'' (idg. *''u̯oĝhā'') [[Hebel]]. Von *[[Bewegen]], [[Bewegung]] gelangt man selbstverständlich nur allzu leicht sowohl an [[bewegte Masse]], [[Volkshaufe]] wie an [[geistige Bewegung]], [[Unruhe]]; dasselbe gilt für das denominative [[ὀχλέω]] (vgl. ''turba'', -''āre''). Wenn man vorzieht, einen Begriff wie [[schwere Masse]], [[Last]] (wovon [[ὀχλέω]] [[belästigen]]) zugrunde zu legen, ließe sich [[ὄχλος]] zur Not als *’Fuhre, Fuder, Last’ ( = lat. ''vehes'') verstehen. — Unsichere Vermutung über Kreuzung mit [[μοχλός]], -έω bei Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Ältere Hypothese bei Bq (ablehnend). Neue verfehlte Deutung bei Belardi Doxa 3, 217. — Weitere Lit. s. [[ὄχος]].<br />'''Page''' 2,456-457