ἐάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=contr. ἐῶ <span class="bibl">Il.8.428</span>, etc.; Ep. εἰῶ <span class="bibl">4.55</span>; Ep.<span class="bibl">2</span> and 3sg. [[ἐάᾳς]], [[ἐάᾳ]], <span class="bibl">Od.12.137</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.414</span>; inf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἐάαν <span class="bibl">Od.8.509</span>: impf. [[εἴων]],-ας, -α, <span class="bibl">Il.18.448</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>, etc.; Ion. and Ep. ἔων <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.2</span>, ἔα <span class="bibl">Il.5.517</span>, <span class="bibl">16.731</span>; also [[ἔασκον]] or [[εἴασκον]], <span class="bibl">2.832</span>, <span class="bibl">5.802</span>, etc.: fut. <b class="b3">ἐάσω [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">18.296</span>, etc.: aor. [[εἴᾱσα]] ([[εἴᾰσεν]] is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[εἴᾱς]]' in <span class="bibl">10.299</span>) <span class="bibl">24.684</span>, etc.; Ep. ἔᾱσα <span class="bibl">11.437</span>: pf. εἴᾱκα <span class="bibl">D.8.37</span>, <span class="bibl">43.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Cerc.17.35</span>:—Pass., fut. [[ἐάσομαι]] in pass. sense, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>331</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.142</span>: aor. εἰάθην <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.97</span>: pf. Pass. εἴᾱμαι <span class="bibl">D.45.22</span>.—Hdt. never uses the augm. in this Verb. [ᾰ in pres. and impf., ᾱ in fut. and aor. even in Ion. (so prob. in <span class="bibl">Anacr.56</span>,<span class="bibl">57</span>; forms with -ασς- occur as vv.ll. in Hom. and <span class="bibl">Parm. 8.7</span>). Synizesis occurs in 3sg. ἐᾷ <span class="bibl">Il.5.256</span>, in ''1'' subj. ἐῶμεν <span class="bibl">10.344</span>, and prob. in ἐάσουσιν <span class="bibl">Od.21.233</span>; also in Trag., in imper. ἔα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1451</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>95</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>932</span>; ind. ἐῶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>734</span>: Hsch. has the form <b class="b3">ἦσεν· εἴασεν</b>, cf. <b class="b3">ἦσαι· παῦσαι</b>]:—[[suffer]], [[permit]], c. acc. pers. et inf., <b class="b3">τούσδε δ' ἔα φθινύθειν</b> [[leave]] them [[alone]] to perish, <span class="bibl">Il.2.346</span>; αἴ κεν ἐᾷ με . . ζώειν <span class="bibl">Od.13.359</span>, etc.; ἐᾶν οἰκεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.3.48</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.1; <b class="b3">ἐ. τοὺς Ἕλληνας αὐτονόμους</b> ib.2.17.9; ἐᾶν ἄκλαυτον, ἄταφον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span> 1083</span>; ἐᾶν τί τινι Plu.2.233d:—so in Pass., <b class="b3">Κρέοντί γε θρόνους ἐᾶσθαι</b> [[should be given up]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>368</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[concede]], [[allow]] in argument, c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>135b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with neg., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐᾶν</b> not [[to suffer]]: hence, [[forbid]], [[prevent]], τρεῖν μ' οὐκ ἐᾷ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη <span class="bibl">Il.5.256</span>; εἴπερ γὰρ φθονέω τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι <span class="bibl">4.55</span>; especially of the law, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.21</span>; δμωὰς δ' οὐκ εἴας προβλωσκέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.19.25</span>, etc.: used elliptically with [[ἀλλά]] following, οὐκ ἐῶν φεύγειν, ἀλλὰ [κελεύων] μένοντας ἐπικρατέειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.104</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Th.2.21</span>; also, [[persuade]] or [[advise]] not to do... <span class="bibl">Id.1.133</span>: an inf. may freq. be supplied, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐάσει σε τοῦτο</b> will not [[allow]] thee [to do] this, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>538</span>; <b class="b3">κἂν μηδεὶς ἐᾷ</b> even if all men [[forbid]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 1184</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>444</span>:—so in Pass., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐᾶσθαι</b>, c. inf., to [[be hindered]], <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">IT</span>1344</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.142</span>, <span class="bibl">D.2.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[let alone]], [[let be]], c. acc., ἔα χόλον <span class="bibl">Il.9.260</span>; <b class="b3">μνηστήρων μὲν ἔα βουλήν</b> [[heed not]] the suitors' plan, <span class="bibl">Od. 2.281</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεί με πρῶτον ἐάσας</b> as soon as thou [[hast dismissed]] me, <span class="bibl">Il. 24.557</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">569</span>,<span class="bibl">684</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ κέν μιν ἐρύσσεαι, ἦ κεν ἐάσῃς</b> or [[wilt leave]] him [[alone]], <span class="bibl">20.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.108</span>, etc.; ἐάσωμεν ἕκηλον αὐτόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>825</span>; [πρᾶγμα] ἀκάθαρτον ἐᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>256</span>; τὰ παθήματα . . παρεῖσ' ἐάσω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>363</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.36</span>; ἐᾶν φιλοσοφίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>484c</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">ἐπὶ Σκύθας ἰέναι . . ἔασον</b> [[let]] it [[alone]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>; <b class="b3">κλέψαι μὲν ἐάσομεν Ἕκτορα</b> we [[will have done with]] stealing Hector, <span class="bibl">Il.24.71</span>; ἐᾶν περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 347c</span>, etc.; ἐῶ γὰρ εἰ φίλον <span class="bibl">D.21.122</span>: abs., <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ καὶ ἔασον</b> [[have done]], [[let be]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.221</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>334</span>; οὐ χρὴ μάχεσθαι πρὸς τὸ θεῖον, ἀλλ' ἐᾶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>491.5</span>; <b class="b3">θεὸς τὸ μὲν δώσει, τὸ δ' ἐάσει</b> he will give one thing, the other he will [[let alone]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.444</span>:—Pass., ἡ δ' οὖν ἐάσθω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>329</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> for <b class="b3">ἐᾶν χαίρειν</b>, v. [[χαίρω]] sub fin. ([[ἐϝάω]], cf. <b class="b3">ἔβασον· ἔασον</b>, and <b class="b3">εὔα· ἔα</b>, Hsch. who also has <b class="b3">ἔησον· ἔασον</b>.)</span>

|auten=ἐῶ, [[εἰῶ]], ἐάᾷς, etc., ipf. [[εἴων]], εἴᾶς, εἴᾶ, ἔᾶ, iter. [[εἴασκον]], ἔασκες, fut. ἐάσω, aor. [[εἴᾶσα]], ἔᾶσας, etc.: [[let]], [[permit]], [[let]] [[alone]], [[let]] be, [[οὐκ]] [[ἐᾶν]], [[prevent]], [[forbid]]; [[εἴπερ]] γὰρ [[φθονέω]] τε καὶ [[οὐκ]] [[εἰῶ]] διαπέρσαι ([[note]] [[οὐκ]] [[εἰῶ]] in the [[condition]]), Il. 4.55, Il. 2.132, ; παύἐ, ἔᾶ δὲ χόλον, ‘[[give]] up’ [[thy]] [[wrath]], Il. 9.260 ; ἵππους ἔᾶσε, ‘[[left]] [[standing]],’ Il. 4.226 ; τὸν μὲν ἔπειτ' εἴᾶσε, him he ‘[[let]] [[lie]],’ Il. 8.317: [[with]] inf. of the omitted [[act]]., κλέψαι μὲν [[ἐάσομεν]], ‘we [[will]] [[dismiss]]’ the [[plan]] of [[stealth]], Il. 24.71.—Some forms are [[often]] to be [[read]] [[with]] synizesis, ἐᾷ, ἔᾶ, [[ἐῶμεν]], ἐάσουσιν.

|sltr=[[ἐάω]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[permit]] c. acc. pers. [[Ζεύς|Ζεὺς]] ἄμπαλον μέλλεν [[θέμεν]]. [[ἀλλά]] μιν [[οὐκ]] εἴασεν (sc. Ἀέλιος) (O. 7.61) ἔα με· νικῶντί γε [[χάριν]], εἴ τι [[πέραν]] ἀερθεὶς [[ἀνέκραγον]], οὐ [[τραχύς]] εἰμι καταθέμεν (i. e. [[forgive]] me ) (N. 7.75) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[let]] [[alone]], [[put]] [[away]] ἔα πόλεμον μάχαν τε πᾶσαν χωρὶς ἀθανάτων (O. 9.40) “ἔα, [[φρήν]], κυπάρισσον, ἔα δὲ νομὸν Περιδάιον Πα. 4. 50—1.

|lsmtext='''ἐάω:''' Επικ. [[εἰῶ]], Επικ. βʹ και γʹ ενικ. [[ἐάᾳς]], [[ἐάᾳ]], απαρ. [[ἐάαν]]· παρατ. [[εἴων]], <i>-ας</i>, <i>-α</i>, Ιων. και Επικ. [[ἔων]], [[ἔασκον]] ή [[εἴασκον]]· μέλ. ἐάσω [ᾱ], αόρ. αʹ <i>εἴᾱσα</i>, Επικ. <i>ἔᾱσα</i>, παρακ. <i>εἴᾱκα</i> — Παθ. μέλ. [[ἐάσομαι]], στην Παθ. [[σημασία]], αόρ. αʹ [[εἰάθην]], παρακ. <i>εἴᾱμαι</i>·<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> [[αφήνω]], [[ανέχομαι]], [[επιτρέπω]], [[δίνω]] [[άδεια]], Λατ. sinere με αιτ. προσ. και απαρ., σε Όμηρ., Αττ. — Παθ., αυτός που παραδίνεται, εγκαταλείπει, σε Σοφ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> οὐκ [[ἐᾶν]], δεν [[ανέχομαι]]· και [[έπειτα]], [[απαγορεύω]], [[εμποδίζω]], [[αποτρέπω]], με αιτ. και απαρ., σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· [[συχνά]] ένα απαρ. μπορεί να εννοηθεί για να συμπληρώσει το [[νόημα]], οὐκ ἐάσει σε [[τοῦτο]], δεν θα [[σου]] επιτρέψει (να κάνεις) αυτό, σε Σοφ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> [[αφήνω]], [[αδιαφορώ]], με αιτ., σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· απόλ. <i>ἔασον</i>, αδιαφόρησε, σε Αισχύλ. — Παθ., ἡ δ' [[οὖν]] ἐάσθω, σε Σοφ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> με την [[ίδια]] [[σημασία]] με απαρ., κλέψαι μὲν [[ἐάσομεν]], θα επιτρέψουμε την [[επιθυμία]] για [[κλεψιά]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· <i>θεὸς τὸ μὲν δώσει</i>, <i>τὸ δ' ἐάσει</i> (ενν. [[δοῦναι]]), θα δώσει το ένα [[πράγμα]] και το [[άλλο]] θα το αφήσει στην [[άκρη]], κατά [[μέρος]], σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· βλ. [[χαίρω]].

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">let (go), permit, let in quiet</b>.<br />Other forms: Ipf. [[εἴων]], aor. [[ἐᾶσαι]] (ind. [[εἴασα]]), fut. [[ἐάσω]] (Il.; orig. <b class="b3">ἐάσ(σ)αι</b>, resp. <b class="b3">ἐάσ(σ)ω</b>?, s. below), perf. etc. [[εἴακα]], [[εἴαμαι]], [[εἰάθην]] (D., Isoc.)<br />Compounds: rarely <b class="b3">παρ-</b>, [[εἰσεάω]].<br />Derivatives: None.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The glosses <b class="b3">ἔβασον ἔασον</b>. [[Συρακόσιοι]] H., EM, [[εὔα]] ... [[ἔα]] H. assure for [[ἐάω]] a digamma; the diphthongal augment points to a consonantal beginning, probably <b class="b3">σ-</b>; but the absence of aspiration is unexplained (cf. Lejeune Traité de phonétique 78 n. 2). So a disyllabic root (<b class="b3">σ)εϜα-</b> like <b class="b3">ἐλα-</b>, <b class="b3">τελα-</b> etc., with in the aorist *(<b class="b3">σ)εϜά-σαι</b> > <b class="b3">ἐάσαι</b>, or with analogical <b class="b3">-σσ-</b> (like <b class="b3">ἐλάσ(σ)αι</b> a. o.; after <b class="b3">τελέσ-(σ)αι</b> a. o.) <b class="b3">ἐάσσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ἐάσ(σ)ω</b>, forms that can be found in Hom. (<b class="b3">ἐάσουσιν φ</b> 233, <b class="b3">εἴασεν Κ</b> 299 as [[varia lectio|v.l.]]); so one could read [[ἐάσσαι]] for [[ἐᾶσαι]] (Δ 42) etc. like [[ἐάσσω]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]) in Parm. 8, 7. Also [[ἐάσομεν]], [[ἔασον]] in Hdt. are understandable (cf. <b class="b3">ἔησον ἔασον</b> H.). The length in [[ἐᾶσαι]] etc. would then be from the denominatives in <b class="b3">-άω</b>. So unique [[ἔα]] (Ε 256) would be 3. sing. of an athematic Aeolic <b class="b3">ἔα-μι</b>. - Schwyzer 682 and 752, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 356. A good connection for [[ἐάω]] has not been found. Connection as IE <b class="b2">seuH-</b>; Skt. <b class="b2">savi-</b> in <b class="b2">savi-tár-</b> <b class="b2">Antreiber etc.</b> with pres. <b class="b2">suváti</b> [[antreiben]] does not fit well semantically. Cf. on [[εἱαμένη]].

|ftr='''ἐάω''': {eáō}<br />'''Forms''': Ipf. [[εἴων]], Aor. ἐᾶσαι (Ind. [[εἴασα]]), Fut. ἐάσω (seit Il.; urspr. ἐάσ(σ)αι, bzw. ἐάσ(σ)ω?, vgl. unten), Perf. usw. [[εἴακα]], [[εἴαμαι]], [[εἰάθην]] (D., Isok. usw.)<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[lassen]], [[zulassen]], [[gestatten]], [[in Ruhe lassen]], [[unterlassen]].<br />'''Composita''' : Sehr vereinzelt und spät παρ-, [[εἰσεάω]].<br />'''Derivative''': Keine Ableitungen.<br />'''Etymology''' : Die Glossen [[ἔβασον]]· ἔασον. Συρακόσιοι H., ''EM'', [[εὔα]]· ... ἔα H. sichern für [[ἐάω]] ein inlautendes Digamma; das diphthongische Augment läßt auf einen ursprünglichen konsonantischen Anlaut, in erster Linie σ-, schließen; die Abwesenheit des Hauches bleibt aber dabei unerklärt (vgl. Lejeune Traité de phonétique 78 A. 2). Wir erhalten somit einen zweisilbigen Stamm (σ)εϝα- wie ἐλα-, τελα-, δαμα- usw., der im Aorist *(σ)εϝάσαι > ἐάσαι, bzw. mit analogischem -σσ- (wie ἐλάσ(σ)αι u. a.; nach τελέσ-(σ)αι u. a.) ἐάσσαι, im Fut. ἐάσ(σ)ω ergeben hätte, Formen die tatsächlich bei Hom. zu verspüren sind (ἐάσουσιν φ 233, εἴασεν Κ 299 als [[varia lectio|v.l.]]); demgemäß könnte man z. B. ἐάσσαι für ἐᾶσαι (Δ 42) usw. lesen wie ἐάσσω ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]) bei Parm. 8, 7. Auch [[ἐάσομεν]], ἔασον bei Hdt. sind als kurzvokalische Bildungen leichter verständlich (vgl. ἔησον· ἔασον H.). Die Länge in ἐᾶσαι usw. wäre dann von den Denominativa auf -άω eingedrungen. Ebenso wurde das einmalige ἔα (Ε 256) 3. Sing. eines athematischen äolischen ἔαμι sein. — Schwyzer 682 und 752 m. Lit., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 356. Eine einleuchtende Anknüpfung ist für [[ἐάω]] noch nicht gefunden. Formal entsprechen einander gut (σ)εϝα- aus idg. ''seu̯ə''- und aind. ''savi''- in ''savi''-''tár''- [[Antreiber]] zum Präs. ''suváti'' [[antreiben]]; bedeutungsmäßig ist die Gleichung weit weniger befriedigend. Anderseits entbehrt der Wurzelvergleich mit ahd. ''vir''-''sūmen'' ‘''versäumen''’ einer überzeugenden morphologischen Grundlage. — Ältere Lit. mit weiteren Versuchen bei Bq s. v. und WP. 2, 472.<br />'''Page''' 1,434