ὕλη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῡ], ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[forest]], [[woodland]], <span class="bibl">Il.11.155</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.316</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>3.5</span>, etc.; γῆν . . δασέαν ὕλῃ παντοίῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.21</span>; ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης ζώειν <span class="bibl">Id.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">ὕλα ἀεργός</b> [[virgin]] [[forest]], Berl.Sitzb.1927.167 (Cyrene); <b class="b3">τὰ δένδρα καὶ ὕλη</b> [[fruit trees]] and [[forest trees]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.69</span> (cf. [[δένδρον]]); not only of [[forest tree]]s, but also of [[copse]], [[brushwood]], [[undergrowth]] (cf. [[ὕλημα]]), directly opp. to [[timber trees]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>16.13</span>, <span class="bibl">17.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>6.577.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Sor.1.40</span>: also in plural, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>386</span>, <span class="bibl">Hecat.291</span> J., <span class="bibl">Mosch.3.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb. 5.7.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.3.48</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Th.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.5.1.12</span>, <span class="bibl">15.1.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span>25</span>, <span class="title">Cat. Ma.</span>21, <span class="title">Comp.Cim.Luc.</span>3, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Prom.</span>12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sacr.</span>10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Am.</span>12</span>, <span class="bibl">Babr.12.2</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>3.69</span>,<span class="bibl">252</span>, <span class="bibl">16.91</span>, <span class="bibl">36.70</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[wood cut down]], <span class="bibl">Od.5.257</span> (cf. III); [[firewood]], [[fuel]], <span class="bibl">Il.7.418</span>, <span class="bibl">23.50</span>,''III'', al., <span class="bibl">Od.9.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.164</span>,<span class="bibl">6.80</span>; [[brushwood]], <span class="bibl">Id.7.36</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.75</span>, etc.; [[timber]], ὕ. ναυπηγησίμη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705c</span>; ναυπηγήσιμος καὶ οἰκοδομική <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.7.1</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).102.50 (Epid., iv B. C.); also, [[twig]]s for birds' [[nes]]ts, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>559a2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> the [[stuff]] of which a thing is made, [[material]], (perhaps so of wood), <span class="bibl">Od.5.257</span>; rarely of other [[material]], as metal, οἱ παρ' ἄκμονι . . ὕλην ἄψυχον δημιουργοῦντες Plu.2.802b (cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>844</span>, but [[ὕλη]] is Plutarch's word): generally, [[materials]], PMasp.151.91 (vi A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Philosophy, [[matter]], first in Arist. (<span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.93b</span>, al. is later); defined as <b class="b3">τὸ ὑποκείμενον γενέσεως καὶ φθορᾶς δεκτικόν</b>, <span class="title">GC</span>320a2; as <b class="b3">τὸ ἐζ οὗ γίγνεται</b>, <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1032a17; <b class="b3">οὐσία ἥ τε ὕ. καὶ τὸ εἶδος καὶ τὸ ἐκ τούτων</b> ib.1035a2; opp. as <b class="b3">δυνάμει τόδε τι</b> to <b class="b3">τόδε τι ἐνεργεία</b>, ib. 1042a27; opp. [[ἐντελέχεια]], ib.1038b6: in later philosoph. writers, mostly opp. to the intelligent and formative principle (νοῦς), <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Inst.</span>72</span>, etc.; ὕ. τῶν ἀριθμῶν <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Comm.Math.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[matter]] for a poem or treatise, <b class="b3">ὕ. τραγική, ποιητικαὶ ὗλαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.2.16.14</span>, Longin. 13.4, cf. 43.1, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.172.1</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ ὑποκειμένη ὕ</b>. the subject-[[matter]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094b12</span>, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.124 S. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὕλη ἰατρική]] = [[materia medica]], Dsc.tit.; so [[ὕλη]] alone, [[materia medica]], Id.1 <span class="title">Prooem.</span>, Gal. 17(2).181; <b class="b3">ὗλαι τῆς τέχνης</b> ibid., cf. 6.77, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.83</span>,<span class="bibl">110</span>, <span class="bibl">2.15</span>,<span class="bibl">28</span>; ἡ ὕλη τῶν ὁπλομαχικῶν ἐνεργειῶν Gal.6.157. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἡ μέση ὕλη</b> the [[middle]] [[range of diet]], <span class="bibl">Sor.1.46</span>, <span class="bibl">2.15</span>; τροφιμωτέρα ὕλη <span class="bibl">Id.1.95</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> pl., [[material resources]], βασιλικαὶ ὗλαι <span class="bibl">Ph.1.640</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[sediment]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>879</span>, cf. Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1086</span>, <span class="bibl">1088</span> (hence [[ὑλίζω]] ([[ἀφυλίζω]], [[διυλίζω]]), [[ὑλώδης]] ''ΙΙ''); [[mud]], [[slime]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>70.9</span> (ii B. C.); [[ὕλῃ]], [[ὕλει]], and [[ἰλυῖ]] are cj. for [[ὕδει]] in <span class="bibl">Thgn.961</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[matter]] excreted from the human body, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.22</span>,<span class="bibl">23</span>,<span class="bibl">25</span>, al.; ἡ ὕ. τῶν ἐμπυημάτων Gal.18(2).256; [[phlegm]], [[catarrh]], [[PMed]]. in <span class="title">Arch.Pap.</span>4.270 (iii A. D.).</span>

|ftr='''ὕλη''': {húlē}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘Wald, Gehölz, Holz, Bau-, Brennholz, Gesträuch’ (seit Il.), [[Stoff]], [[Material]], [[Materie]] (Arist., Plb., Mediz. usw.); auch = τὸ καθίζον [[τοῦ]] οἴνου ἢ [[τοῦ]] ὕδατος (Phot.), [[Bodensatz]], [[Schlamm]], [[Schleim]], [[körperliches Sekret]] (Ar. ''Fr''. 879, ''UPZ'' 70, 9 [II^a; vgl. Wilcken z. St.], hell. u. sp. Mediz.); vgl. [[ὗλις]].<br />'''Composita''' : Kompp., z.B. [[ὑλοτόμος]] [[holzfällend]], m. [[Holzfäller]] (Il. usw.), [[ὑλατόμος]] ib. (Theok.), [[ὑληκοίτης]] m. [[sein Lager im Walde habend]] (Hes.), [[ὑληωρός]] m. [[Waldaufseher]] (A. R., ''A''.''P''), [[ὑλωρός]] ib. (Arist.) mit -ωρέω (thess.V^a); dazu ὑληώρεας εὐνάς Akk. pl. (Nik. ''Th''. 55), [[ὑληρεύς]]· νομεὺς ἐν ὕλῃ φυλάττων H.; zum ganz unsicheren [[ὑλιβάτης]] Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 75 m. A.1; [[ὑλομήτρα]]· [[εἶδος]] σκώληκος H.; zur Erklärung Strömberg Wortstud. 23 f. (abzulehnen Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 191). Als Hinterglied u.a. in [[ἔνυλος]] [[mit Materie versehen]], [[materiell]] (Arist., sp.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen. 1. Adj.: [[ὑλήεις]], dor. -άεις [[reich an Wald]], [[waldig]] (ep. poet. seit Il.), -ώδης ib. (Th., S., X. u.a.), [[schlammig]] (Dsk., Plu. u.a.), -ιμος [[zum Wald gehörig]] (E.; Arbenz 82), -ικός [[körperlich]], [[materiell]] (Arist. u.a.; Chantraine Études 131), -αῖος [[waldig]], [[holzig]], [[im Walde befindlich]], [[materiell]] (hell. u. sp.), Ὑλαίη f. N. einer waldigen Gegend am Borysthenes (Hdt.), -ῳ̃ος [[zur Materie gehörig]] (Orph. ''Fr''. 353; nach πατρῳ̃ος u.a.); -ειῶτα Vok. Beiw. des [[Πάν]] (''AP'' 6, 106; nach Πὰν ὀρειώτας ''AP'' 9,824). 2. EN [[Ὑλεύς]] N. eines Jagdhundes (X.). 3. Erweiterung [[ὕλημα]] n., meist pl. [[Strauchwerk]] mit -ηματικός (Thphr.; Chantraine Form. 178). 4. Verba: a. [[ὑλάζομαι]], Aor. -άσασθαι [[Holz holen]] (att. Inschr., Poll., H.) mit -ασία f. [[das Holzholen]] (att. Inschr.), -άστρια f. [[Holzholerin]] (Phot.). b. [[ὑλίζω]], -ίσαι, Ptz.Pf. -ισμένος, auch m. Präfix, bes. δι-, ‘von Materie usw. reinigen, abklären, durchseihen’ (Kratin. 354, Pl. ''Ti''. 69 a, Archyt., LXX, Dsk., Pap. usw.) mit -ιστήρ (δι-) m. [[Seihetuch]], [[Durchschlag]] (Mediz., Pap.), -ιστήριον (δι-) n. (Pap., Sch., H.), [[διύλισμα]] n. [[abgeklärte Flüssigkeit]] (Gal.), -ισις f. [[Abklärung]], [[Durchseihung]] (Suid.), -ισμός m. [[Abklärung]], [[Reinigung]] (Clem. Al.), [[ἀφύλισμα]] γάλακτος als Erkl. von ὀρὸς γάλακτος H., -ισμὸς χωμάτων, παρ- ~ τενάγους [[das Ausheben des Schlammes]], [[Reinigung]] (Pap.; Westermann Aegyptus 6, 121 ff.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Ohne Etymologie. Über die frühere Zusammenstellung mit lat. ''silva'' und sogar mit [[ξύλον]] s. Zachariae KZ 34, 453 ff. (ablehnend); weitere Lit. bei W.-Hofmann s. ''silva'' und WP. 2, 504 (u.a. Ehrlich Bet148). onung Von der Bed. [[Brennholz]] aus- gehend erwägt Wackernagel Unt. 185 A.1 Anknüpfung an awno. ''usli'' m. [[glühende Asche]] (zu [[εὕω]], lat. ''ūrere'' usw.). — Gewöhnlich (s. Bq) wird [[ὕλη]] im Sinn von [[Bodensatz]], [[Schlamm]] von [[ὕλη]] [[Wald]] getrennt und als besonderes Wort zu lit. ''sulà'' [[fließender Baumsaft]] usw. (s. [[ὕω]]) gezogen. Es handelt sich aber offenbar um eine späte Bed.entwicklung von [[Materie]] zu [[feste Materie]], [[Bodensatz]], [[Ausfällung]] im Gegensatz zum. klaren Wein und zum reinen Wasser, wie schon aus der Erklärung bei Phot. als ’τὸ καθίζον [[τοῦ]] οἴνου ἢ [[τοῦ]] ὕδατος’ ersichtlich ist. — Daß [[ὕλη]] [[Wald]] aus [[ὕλη]] [[Schlamm]] hervorgegangen wäre (Grošselj Živa Ant. 4, 304), ist schon aus chronologischen Gründen ausgeschlossen.<br />'''Page''' 2,962-963

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：Ûlh 虛累<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（1）<br />'''原文字根'''：材料 相當於： （[[סֻכָּה]]&#x200E;）  （[[שָׁמִיר]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：森林^，木材，燃料，燃燒之物，樹幹，樹林；或源自（[[ξύλον]]）=木料，木製品），而 （[[ξύλον]]）出自（[[ξέστης]]）=容器，罐）， （[[ξέστης]]）出自（[[ξέστης]]）X=煮沸*，平滑）。<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（1）；雅（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 樹林（1） 雅3:5