κεντέω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[sting]] (Pi.).<br />Other forms: aor. [[κένσαι]] (Ψ 337), [[κεντῆσαι]] (Hp., [[κέντασα]] Theoc. 19, 1), pass. [[κεντηθῆναι]] (Arist.) with [[κεντηθήσομαι]] (Hdt.), [[κεντήσω]] (S.), [[κεκέντημαι]] (Hp.),<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. [[κένσαι]] for <b class="b3">*κέντ-σαι</b> (Schwyzer 287) points to <b class="b3">κεντ-</b> (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave <b class="b3">κεσ-</b>. Thus <b class="b3">κεσ-τός</b> (< <b class="b3">*κεντ-τός</b>) [[stitched]] (ep.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 17); <b class="b3">κέσ-τρον</b> [[pointed iron ]] (Plin.) with [[κεστρωτός]] and [[κέστρωσις]] (H.; <b class="b3">*κεστρόω</b>), <b class="b3">κέσ-τρος</b> <b class="b2">kind of arrow etc.</b> (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. [[κεστρίον]] (Attica) and [[κέστρειον]] <b class="b2">stock of arrows (?)</b> (Delos IIIa); <b class="b3">κέσ-τρα</b> f. [[sharp hammer]], [[arrow]] (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = [[σφύραινα]] (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here [[κεστρεύς]] [[mullet]] (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 51) and [[κεστρῖνος]], <b class="b3">-ινίσκος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after <b class="b3">κεντ-έω</b> (not with <b class="b3">ρο-</b>suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose [[κέντρον]] [[sting]], as geometrical term. techn. <b class="b2">resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel</b> (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. <b class="b3">κεντρ-ηνεκής</b> [[driven by the sting]] (Il.; cf. with diff. function <b class="b3">δουρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ποδ-ηνεκής</b>); subst. [[κέντρων]] s. v.; adj. like [[κεντρικός]], [[κεντρώδης]], [[κεντρήεις]]; fish- and plant names as [[κεντρίνης]], [[κεντρίσκος]], [[κεντρίτης]] (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 83, 111); denomin. verbs [[κεντρόω]] [[with a sting]], [[sting]] (IA), [[κεντρίζω]] [[sting]] (X.); from [[κέντρον]] as backformation [[κέντωρ]] m. [[goader]], [[driver]] (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From [[κεντέω]] (<b class="b3">κεντῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σω</b>): [[κέντημα]] [[the sting]], [[the mosaic]] (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), [[κεντητής]] [[mosaic-worker]] (Edict. Diocl.), [[κεντητήριον]] [[picker]] (Luc.), [[κεντητικός]] [[stingy]] (Thphr.), [[κεντητός]] [[stitched]], [[with mosaic]] (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut [[κοντός]] m. "the stinger", <b class="b2">pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle</b> (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. [[contus]] with [[percontor]]) with <b class="b3">κοντά-κιον</b>, <b class="b3">-άριον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίλος</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> a. o.; here [[κοντός]] [[short]] (Adam.) from <b class="b3">κοντο-μάχος</b>, <b class="b3">-βόλος</b>, <b class="b3">-βολέω</b>, where [[κοντός]] was taken as [[short]]; thus in <b class="b3">κοντο-πορεία</b> (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] <b class="b2">*ḱent-</b> [[sting]]<br />Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist [[κένσαι]] < <b class="b3">*κέντ-σαι</b> was after unknown example a present <b class="b3">κεντ-έω</b> created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came <b class="b3">κεντῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">κεντή-σω</b> etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG [[hantag]] [[pointed]], deriv. from PGm. <b class="b2">*handa-</b> (formally = [[κοντός]]), Latv. [[sīts]] [[hunting spear]] (= Lith. <b class="b2">*šiñtas</b> < IE. <b class="b2">*ḱentos-</b> n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. [[kentr]] [[spur]], Welsh [[cethr]] [[nail]], but these are all prob. loans from Lat. [[centrum]] . - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.