θύρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], Ion. [[θύρη]], ἡ, Ion. gen. pl. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> θυρέων <span class="bibl">Archil.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.9</span>:— [[door]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.317</span>, etc.: freq. in plural, [[θύραι]], of [[double doors]] or [[folding doors]], θύραι δικλίδες <span class="bibl">Od.17.267</span>; θύραι φαειναί <span class="bibl">6.19</span>, al.; θυρῶν ζεῦγος καινῶν <span class="title">IG</span>12.313.123, cf. 4.1488.25(Epid.); <b class="b3">ἡ δεξιὰ θύρα</b> the [[right]] [[valve]], ib.22.1457.16; <b class="b3">θ. μονόθυρος</b> ib.1627.418; <b class="b3">θύραι λίθιναι</b> (including the [[framework]]) ib. 12.372.195; <b class="b3">θύραι αὔλειαι</b>, v. [[αὔλειος]]; ἡ θύρα ἡ εἰς τὸν κῆπον φέρουσα <span class="bibl">D. 47.53</span>, cf. [[κηπαῖος]] II; rarely for [[πύλαι]], [[gates]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>65</span>; of the [[carceres]] in the Roman [[circus]], [[barrier]]s, Tab.Defix.Aud.187.59. —Phrases: <b class="b3">προσθεῖναι τὰς θύρας, προστιθέναι τὴν θύραν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.13</span>; ἐπισπάσαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.36</span>; κλείειν <span class="bibl">Aristopho 7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314d</span>; [[ἐφέλκεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>16</span>; [[τὴν θύραν βαλανοῦν]], [[τὴν θύραν μοχλοῦν]], [[bar the door]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Fr.</span>251</span>, <span class="bibl">369</span>; [[θύραν κόπτειν]], [[θύραν πατάσσειν]], [[θύραν κρούειν]], [[knock at the door]], [[rap at the door]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>132</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310b</span>; [[ἀράττειν]], [[ἐπαράξαι]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span> 977</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314d</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν θύραν ἀνοιγνύναι</b> open it, v. [[ἀνοίγνυμι]]; ὦσαι [[push]] [[it]] open, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.24</span>; <b class="b3">μικρὸν ἐνδοῦναι</b> [[open]] it [[a little]], Plu.2.597d; δόμου ἐν πρώτῃσι θύρῃσι στῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.1.255</span>; ἷζε δ' ἐπὶ… οὐδοῦ ἔντοσθε θυράων <span class="bibl">17.339</span>; θυρῶν ἔνδον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>78</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ θυρῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">109</span>(anap.); [[ἐπί]] or <b class="b3">παρὰ Πριάμοιο θύρῃσι</b> at [[Priam]]'s [[door]], i.e. before his [[dwelling]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.788</span>, <span class="bibl">7.346</span>: metaph., ἐπὶ ταῖς θύραις τῆς Ἑλλάδος εἶναι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>6.5.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.10.34</span>; τῆς πατρίδος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sull.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Arat.</span>37</span>; ἐπὶ θύραις τῆς Πίσης <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>8.15</span>; <b class="b3">πυρετοῦ περὶ θύρας ὄντος</b> [[being at the door]], Plu.2.128f (but χειμῶνος ἐπὶ θύραις ὄντος <span class="bibl">Phlp.<span class="title">in Mete.</span>130.25</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> especially of kings and potentates, <b class="b3">οἱ τῶν ἀρίστων Περσῶν παῖδες ἐπὶ ταῖς βασιλέως θύραις παιδεύονται</b> are [[educate]]d at [[court]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.3</span>; <b class="b3">γυνὴ φοιτῶσα ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τοῦ βασιλέος</b>, of a [[petitioner]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.8</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ ἐπὶ τὰς θ. φοιτήσεις</b> [[dangling]] after the [[court]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.7</span>; ἐπὶ ταῖς τῶν πλουσίων θ. [[διατρίβειν]] <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1391a12</span>; περὶ θύρας διατρίβειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1313b7</span>, <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Hist. 121</span>; applied also to lovers, clients, disciples, etc., <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὴν θύραν</b> (or <b class="b3">τὰς θύρας</b>) <b class="b3"> τινὸς βαδίζειν, ἰέναι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1007</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>364b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span> 233e</span>, etc.; ἐπὶ ταῖσι θύραις ἀεὶ καθῆσθαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>467</span>: metaph., Μουσῶν ἐπὶ ποιητικὰς θ. [[ἀφικέσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[proverb|prov.]], γλώσσῃ θύραι οὐκ ἐπίκεινται = not have on the [[tongue]] a [[door]] that [[close]]s, v. [[ἀθυρόστομος]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.421</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέποτ' ἴσχει θ</b>., of admirers of the [[Demos]], <span class="bibl">Eup.265</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ θύραις τὴν ὑδρίαν</b> to [[break]] the [[pitcher]] at the very [[door]], 'there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip', <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 1363a7</span>; <b class="b3">τίς ἂν θύρας ἁμάρτοι</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>993b5</span>; λόγος δικαστηρίου ἢ ἀγορᾶς οὐδὲ θύρας ἰδών <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Dem.</span>23</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ κατὰ θύραν τερπνόν</b> [[vulgar]] [[pleasure]]s, <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">VS</span>p.496</span> B.; παρὰ θύραν πλανᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>1.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ θυρῶν εὐθέως τῆς… ἀκροάσεως</b> at the very [[beginning]], <span class="bibl">Olymp.<span class="title">in Mete.</span> 2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[shutter]] of a [[window]], τὰς θ. τὰς ἐπὶ τῶν θυρίδων <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).872.37 (Tenos), cf. 22.1668.60. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> pl., [[door]] of a [[chariot]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 6.4.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> pl., [[axle trees]], <span class="bibl">Poll.1.146</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εὑραί]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[θύρη καταπακτή]] = [[trapdoor]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[frame of planks]], [[raft]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.96</span>; <b class="b3">φραξάμενοι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν θύρῃσί τε καὶ ξύλοισι</b> with [[hurdle]]s and [[log]]s, <span class="bibl">Id.8.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.101</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> in [[war]], [[fenced works]] to [[obstruct]] [[landing]] parties, in plural, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>94.37</span>, <span class="bibl">100.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[entrance]], as to a [[grotto]], in plural, <span class="bibl">Od.9.243</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[sluice gate]], PPetr.3p.134: pl., ib.2p.41 (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> metaph., senses, as the [[entrance]]s to the [[soul]], τὸ σῶμα πολλαῖς θυρίσι καὶ θύραις ἀνοίγοντες Seren. ap. Stob.3.6.17; ἐγγὺς τοῦ στόματος ἡ καρδία, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ τῶν θ. <span class="bibl">Aristaenet.2.7</span>. (I.-E. <b class="b2">dhur-</b>, cf. Lat. [[foras]], [[fores]], OE. duru 'door', etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[door]], [[doorleaf]], mostly in plur. [[gate]] (Il.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 44).<br />Other forms: Ion. [[θύρη]]<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[opiturajo]] /[[opithuraioi]]/ [[door-keeper]]<br />Compounds: Several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">θυρα-ωρός</b> (Χ 69), <b class="b3">θυρ-ωρός</b>, <b class="b3">-ουρός</b> (Sapph.) [[doorwaiter]] (cf. on [[ὁράω]] and Schwyzer 438), as 2. member with thematic anlargement, e. g. <b class="b3">πρό-θυρ-ον</b> [[place before the gatee]], [[forecourt]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: [[θύριον]] (Att.) and [[θυρίδιον]] (Gp.), [[θυρίς]] f. <b class="b2">window(opening)</b> (IA) with [[θυριδεύς]] [[window-frame]] (Delos IIIa; cf. the names in <b class="b3">-εύς</b> in Chantraine Formation 128), [[θυριδόω]] [[provide with a window]] (pap.) with [[θυριδωτός]] (inscr.). Further [[θυρεός]] m. [[door-stone]] (ι 240, 313), name of a long shield = Lat. [[scutum]] (hell.; on the formation Chantraine 51; also Schwyzer 468 and Hermann Sprachwiss. Komm. zu ι 240, but hardly with Bechtel Vocalcontr. 154 from the consonantstem in <b class="b3">θύρ-δα</b>) with [[θυρεόω]] [[cover with a shield]] (Aq.); [[θύρετρα]] pl. <b class="b2">door(-casing)</b> (ep.; Schwyzer 532, Chantraine 332) with [[θυρετρικός]] (Chios); [[θύρωμα]], often in plur. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> [[doorway]] (IA; not with Schwyzer 523 from [[θυρόω]], cf. Chantraine 187); [[θυρών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[hall]], [[antechamber]] (S.). Adj. [[θυραῖος]], Aeol. [[θύραος]] [[belonging to the door]], [[standing before the door]], [[outside]], [[foreign]] (trag., hell.). Denomin. verb [[θυρόω]] [[provide with doors]] (Att.) wiht [[θύρωσις]] (Epid.), [[θυρωτός]] (Babr.). [[θυραυλέω]] [[sleep before the door]] from a compound with [[αὐλή]]. <b class="b3">*θυράγματα ἀφοδεύματα</b> H. (in wrong position), as from [[θυράζω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [278] <b class="b2">*dʰuer-</b> [[door]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">θύρ-δα ἔξω</b>. [[Ἀρκάδες]] H. and [[θύσθεν]] for <b class="b3">*θύρ-σθεν</b> = <b class="b3">θύρα-θεν</b> (Tegea; on the formation Schwyzer 628), perhaps also from [[θύραζε]] <b class="b2">out (of the door)</b> (if for <b class="b3">*θύρας δε</b>; Schwyzer 625 w. n. 1) one reconstructs a consonant-stem, IE <b class="b2">*dhur-</b>, which is often attested in other languages : Germ., e. g. OHG [[turi]] = [[Tür]] (prop. plur.), from IE <b class="b2">*dhúr-es</b>; Balt., e. g. Lith. acc. pl. <b class="b2">dur-ìs</b>, gen. <b class="b2">dùr-ų̃</b>, Skt. acc. pl. <b class="b2">dúr-aḥ</b> (IE <b class="b2">*dhúr-n̥s</b>; on the anlaut. <b class="b2">d-</b> for <b class="b2">dh-</b> cf. Mayrhofer KEWA 2, 83). The consonant -stem is often replaced by innovations, notably by an <b class="b2">i-</b>stem in Lith. nom. pl. <b class="b2">dùr-y-s</b>, gen. <b class="b2">dùr-i-ų</b>, by an <b class="b2">o-</b>stem in Goth. <b class="b2">daúr</b> n. = NHG [[Tor]] etc., by an <b class="b2">n-</b>stem in Arm. [[dur-n]], by an <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem as in [[θύραι]], also in Arm. gen. dat. abl. pl. <b class="b2">dr-a-c̣</b>, instr. <b class="b2">dr-a-w-k</b>. - Beside zero-grade <b class="b2">*dhur-</b> full-grade <b class="b2">*dhu̯er-</b>, <b class="b2">*dhu̯or-</b>, e. g. Skt. nom. pl. <b class="b2">dvā́r-aḥ</b>, acc. <b class="b2">dúr-aḥ</b> (s. above), which were often generalized as in Lat. [[for-ēs]], Toch. B [[twere]]; with enlargements, e. g. Skt. <b class="b2">dvā́r-a-m</b>, OCS [[dvor-ъ]] [[court]], Lat. [[for-īs]] [[outside]], [[for-ās]] <b class="b2">(towards) outside</b>. A zero grade <b class="b2">*dhu̯r̥-</b> has been supposed in [[θαιρός]] [[pivot of a door]], but is doubtful (s. v.). - The thematic enlargement of <b class="b3">πρό-θυρ-ον</b> also e. g. in Skt. <b class="b2">śatá-dur-a-</b> [[with hundred doors]] (Sommer Nominalkomp. 131). - Details in Pok. 278f., W.-Hofmann s. [[foris]], Ernout-Meillet s. [[forēs]], Mayrhofer Wb. 2, 83f., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">dùrys</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. [[dverь]]. Cf. Benveniste, Institutions I 311ff.