κάρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), Ep.and Ion. [[κάρη]] [ᾰ], τό, poet. for [[κεφαλή]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Lex.</span>5</span>:— <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[head]], of men or animals, πολιόν τε κάρη πολιόν τε γένειον <span class="bibl">Il.22.74</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψοῦ κάρη ἔχει</b> ([[ἵππος]]) <span class="bibl">6.509</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ πόδα περὶ κάρα</b> from [[head]] to [[foot]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 165</span> (lyr.): metaph., ἐν δ' ἐμῷ κάρᾳ θεός μ' ἔπαισεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1272</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span> 564</span>; of the [[face]], <b class="b3">γέλωτι φαιδρὸν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1310</span>; μου κ. τὸ δυσπρόσοπτον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>285</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[peak]], [[top]], κάρη νιφόεντος Ὀιύμπου <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>42</span>; of a tree, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>23</span>; [[edge]], [[brim]] of a cup, <span class="bibl">Eub.56.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in Trag., as periphr. for a [[person]], <b class="b3">Οἰδίπου κάρα</b>, i.e. [[Οἰδίπλους]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>40</span>, <span class="bibl">1207</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">αὐτάδελφον Ἰσμήνης κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ κασίγνητον κ</b>., for <b class="b3">ὦ κασίγνητε</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1164</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ φίλον κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1631</span>; <b class="b3">φίλον κ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>905</span>.--Hom. uses nom. acc. [[κάρη]], gen. dat. [[κάρητος]], [[κάρητι]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.230</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.75</span>; also [[καρήατος]], [[καρήατι]], <span class="bibl">23.44</span>, <span class="bibl">19.405</span>, nom. pl. καρήατα <span class="bibl">11.309</span> (whence was formed nom. sg. [[κάρηαρ]], <span class="bibl">Antim.76</span>); acc. pl. κάρη <span class="bibl">Il.10.259</span> (but perhaps sg.), nom. acc. pl. κάρᾱ <span class="bibl">Sannyr.3</span>, perhaps <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>291</span>; κάρᾰ ἐξεπεφύκει <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span> 12</span>; dat. pl. [[κάρησι]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Tryph.602</span>:—post-Homeric Poets inflected [[κάρη]] as if it were of decl. ''1'', gen. κάρης <span class="bibl">Mosch.4.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>125</span>; dat. κάρῃ <span class="bibl">Thgn.1024</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>249</span>; acc. κάρην <span class="bibl">D.P.562</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>131</span>; Trag. dat. [[κάρᾳ]] with neut. Prons., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>230</span>, etc.; late acc. κάραν <span class="title">Anacreont.</span> 50.9. (Cf. Skt. [[śiras]] (neut.) 'head', gen. śīrṣṇás, abl. [[śīrṣatás]]: [[κάρηνα]] (fr. <b class="b3">κᾰρᾰσ-ν-α</b>) and [[κράατα]] (perhaps fr. κρᾱς-ṇ-τα) are forms of this word, v. [[κάρηνον]], κράς, κρανίον: cogn. with Lat. [[cerebrum]] (fr. <b class="b2">ceres-ro-</b>), ONorse hjarne 'brain', and prob. [[κέρας]], [[κόρση]].)</span><br /><span class="bld">κάρα</span> (B), ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[tame goat]] (Cret.), Hsch.; also, [[fig]], Id. [[καραβαία]]· <b class="b3">δίκρουν ξύλον</b>, Id.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[head]] (trag., Cratin., Eup.),<br />Other forms: [[κάρη]] (ep.)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">ka-ra-a-pi</b> instr. pl. /[[karaatphi]]/<br />Derivatives: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρα-τομέω</b> [[behead]] (E., J.) with [[καράτομος]] [[beheaded]] (S., E.), seeming basis [[καρατόμος]] [[beheading]] (Lyc.), cf. on [[δειροτομέω]] s. [[δέρη]]; [[καρηβαρέω]] (<b class="b3">-άω</b>) [[feel heavy in the head]], [[be sleepy]], [[have headache]] with [[καρηβαρία]], <b class="b3">-ίη</b> etc. (Hp., Arist.); from there Lat. [[caribaria]] > Fr. [[charivari]], W.-Hofmann 1, 854; on [[καραδοκέω]] s. v. Cf. [[κράσπεδον]], [[κρησφύγετον]], [[κρήδεμνον]]. - Other forms: A. recent analogical formations to [[κάρα]], [[κάρη]]: dat. <b class="b3">τῳ̃ κάρᾳ</b> (A., S.), [[κάρῃ]] (Thgn.); [[κάρης]], <b class="b3">-ην</b> (Call., Nic.), [[κάραν]] (Anacreont.). B. Older disyll. forms: ep. <b class="b3">καρή-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">-ατι</b>, pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>; also <b class="b3">κάρη-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b>; to [[καρήατα]] new nom. sg. [[κάρηαρ]] (Antim.). C. monosyll. forms: <b class="b3">κρά-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">-ατι</b>, pl. <b class="b3">-ατα</b>; usual. (also trag.) [[κρατός]], <b class="b3">-τί</b>, pl. <b class="b3">κρᾶ-τα</b> (Pi. Fr. 8); further isolated forms: [[κράτεσφι]] (Κ 156; prob. sg.), [[κράτων]] (χ 309), [[κρασίν]] (Κ 152), [[κρᾶτας]] (E.); [[κρᾶτα]] as acc. sg. (θ 92, trag.), as nom. sg. (S. Ph. 1457); new nom. sg. [[κράς]] (Simm. 4). D. [[κάρα]] (antevoc.) as nom. pl. (h. Cer. 12), [[κάρα]] pl.? (Sannyr. 3). On [[κάρηνα]] s. v.; and s. below.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] <b class="b2">*ḱrh₂-(e)s-n-</b> [[head]]<br />Etymology: From the oblique forms of the Skt. word for [[head]], e. g. gen. sg. <b class="b2">śīrṣṇ-ás</b> with the adverbial ablativ <b class="b2">śīrṣa-tás</b> (a < <b class="b2">n̥</b>), which represent a with [[n]] enlarged monosyll. zero grade (<b class="b2">śirṣ-n-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂-s-n-</b>) from the disyll. nom.-acc. <b class="b2">śíras-</b> (Av. <b class="b2">sarah-</b>, < <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂-os</b>), it appears that [[κράατος]] represents an original <b class="b3">*κράσα-τος</b> < (<b class="b2">ḱr̥h₂s-n̥tos</b>); through contraction this gave [[κρατός]] (acc. to Zenodot. [[κρητός]]). The antevocalic form <b class="b3">κρασν-</b> lives on in <b class="b3">κραν-ίον</b> (s. v.). The explanation of the Greek disyll. forms has to start from plur. [[κάρηνα]] < <b class="b3">*καρασν-α</b> (< <b class="b2">*ḱrh₂-es-n-</b>), to which the singular forms [[καρήατος]], <b class="b3">-ατι</b> were made from <b class="b3">*καρασα-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b> (with metr. lengthening and [[η]] for [[α]] after [[κάρηνα]]), if not innovated to [[κάρη]]. This form may go back to an analogical <b class="b3">*κάρασ-α</b> (like [[ὄνομα]]); to [[κάρη]] were made <b class="b3">κάρη-τος</b>, <b class="b3">-τι</b>. - Beside these old <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem there are isolated <b class="b3">σ-</b>less forms: <b class="b3">ἐπὶ κάρ</b> [[on its head]], <b class="b3">ἔγ-καρ-ος</b>, <b class="b3">ἴγκρος ἐγκέφαλος</b> and [[κατὰ]] ([[ἀπὸ]]) <b class="b3">κρῆ-θεν</b> [[from the head down]] (Hom., Hes.), <b class="b3">κρή-δεμνον</b> [[head-band]]. The explanation is discussed: <b class="b3">κατὰ κρῆθεν</b> (from where <b class="b3">ἀπὸ κρῆθεν</b>) may stand for [[κατ]]' [[ἄκρηθεν]] (s. esp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff., but this seems unncessary); [[ἔγκαρος]] has been taken as learned innovation to [[κάρη]] after [[κεφαλή]] : [[ἐγκέφαλος]]; on [[κρήδεμνον]] s. s. v. An <b class="b3">σ-</b>less [[κάρ]] is supported by Arm. [[sar]] [[hight]], [[top]] (idg. <b class="b2">*ḱr̥h₂r-o-</b>). Very extensive treatment by A.J. Nussbaum, Head and Horn 1986 (rev. Beekes, Kratylos 34 (989)55-59). - S. Schwyzer 583 (diff. on [[κάρη]]; Pok. 574f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 230f., 242, Leumann Hom. Wörter 159, Egli Heteroklisie 31f., 87ff. - Cf. further 1. [[καρόω]], [[καρώ]], [[καρωτόν]]; [[κέρας]], [[κράνος]], [[κριός]].<br />Meaning: <b class="b3">αιξ ἥμερος Πολυρρήνιοι ὑπὸ Γορτυνίων</b>...<b class="b3">ἄλλοι δε ἡ συκῆ</b>. <b class="b3">Ἴωνες τὰ πρόβατα</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ την κεφαλήν</b> H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Partly corrupt gloss, s. Latte. The meaning [[αιξ]] seems confirmed by [[καρανώ]], s.s.v. [[κάρηνα]].