κόγχη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[mussel]] or (perhaps) [[cockle]], <span class="bibl">Emp.76.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.25</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Arar. 8.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Posidipp.14.2</span>; including several species, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>528a22</span>, <span class="bibl">547b13</span>, <span class="bibl">622b2</span>; ἀνέχασκον ἐμφερέστατα ὀπτωμέναις κόγχαισιν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 68</span>; <b class="b3">κόγχην διελεῖν</b> to open a [[mussel]], [[proverb|prov.]] of an easy task, <span class="bibl">Telecl. 19</span>; <b class="b3">κόγχης ἄξιον</b>, i.e. worthless, Hsch., Suid. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[shell-full]], a small measure of capacity, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.143.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Mul.</span>32</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Morb.</span>3.15</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.6.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">anything like a mussel-shell</b>, esp. [[shell-like cavity]] in the body, as, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[hollow of the ear]], <span class="bibl">Ruf.<span class="title">Onom.</span>44</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.86</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[knee-pan]], ib.<span class="bibl">188</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[case round a seal]] attached to documents, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>585</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[niche]] for a statue, <span class="title">CIG</span>4556 (Palestine); [[apse]], Epigr.Gr.446.3 (Medjed). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[fourth part of a sphere]], Hero ''*Stereom''.1.40. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">śa[ndot ]khás</b> 'conch-shell'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.,<br />Meaning: [[mussel]], [[cockle]], also as measure and metaph. of several shell-like objects, <b class="b2">hollow of the ear, knee-cap, brain-pan, case round a seal, knob of a shield etc.</b> (Emp., Epich., Sophr., IA.).<br />Other forms: also [[κόγχος]] m. (f.)<br />Compounds: Some compp., e. g. <b class="b3">κογχο-θήρας</b> m. [[mussel-fisher]] (Epich.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminut. [[κογχίον]] (Antiph., Str.), [[κογχάριον]] (Str., Aret.). 2. [[κογχωτός]] [[provided with a knob]] (pap. IIIa). 3. [[κογχίτης]] ([[λίθος]]) [[shelly marble]] (Paus.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 55). 4. <b class="b3">κογχαλίζειν πεποίηται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἤχου τῶν κόγχων</b> H. (poss. after <b class="b3">κροταλ-ίζειν</b> : <b class="b3">κρότ-αλα</b> : [[κρότος]]); 5. as backformation [[κόγξ]] interjection, of the sound of the sherd falling in the voting urn etc. (H.); cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 482. 6. also [[κογχίζω]] <b class="b2">paint purple-read</b> with [[κογχιστής]] [[painter]] and [[κογχιστική]] <b class="b2">trade of purple-dueing</b> (PGrenf. 2, 87); for <b class="b3">*κογχυλίζω</b> etc. (cf. on 7.). - Note 7. [[κογχύλιον]] n. [[mussel]], [[animal and shell]], also [[purple-snail]] (Epich., Sophr., Hdt., Hp., Arist.), from [[κογχύλη]] (only as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] Ph. 1, 536 and AP 9, 214); from [[κογχύλιον]]: [[κογχυλίας]] (Ar.) and [[κογχυλιάτης]] (X., Philostr.) = [[κογχίτης]] ([[λίθος]]; Redard 56); [[κογχυλιώδης]] <b class="b2">κ.-like</b> (Str.), [[κογχύλιος]] [[purple-coloured]] (pap.), [[κογχυλιατός]], <b class="b3">-ιωτός</b> [[pointed with purple]] (pap., Gloss.); also [[κογχυλεύς]] (for <b class="b3">*κογχυλιεύς</b> or from [[κογχύλη]]?) [[purple-worker]] (Korykos) with [[κογχυλευτής]] <b class="b2">purple-snail-fisher</b> and [[κογχυλευτική]] <b class="b2">trade of ...</b> (Just.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: With [[κόγχος]] one compares Skt. <b class="b2">śaṅkhá-</b> m. [[mussel]]. From [[κόγχη]], [[κογχύλιον]], [[κογχίτης]] Lat. [[concha]], [[conchylium]], [[conchīta]]; from [[κόγχη]], [[κόγχος]] as measure also Lat. [[congius]] name of a measure (ending after [[modius]]); the <b class="b2">-g-</b> is unexplained. Schwyzer KZ 57, 262 n.); cf. Sturtevant Lang. 17, 4. - The word is clearly cognate with [[κόχλος]], which shows that the forms are Pre-Greek (Fur. 131 etc.); this is confirmed by [[κοκάλια]] (<b class="b3">-κκ-</b>), [[κωκάλια]] (Fur. 131). If the comparison with Sanskrit is correct, the word may be a common loanword (Fur. 278).<br />See also: Vgl. [[κόχλος]].