κύπτω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">bend forward, stoop, (run) with the head down</b> (IA).<br />Other forms: aor. [[κύψαι]] (Il.), fut. [[κύψομαι]], <b class="b3">-ω</b> (Att., hell.), perf. [[κέκυφα]] (IA.),<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-κυψις</b> [[stoopng]] (medic., hell.); <b class="b3">συγκύπ-ται</b> pl. [[rafters]], [[sloping beams]] (Ath. Mech.), <b class="b3">παρακυπτ-ικός</b> [[looking inside]], [[inspect inquisitively]] (Cod. Iust.). Adv. <b class="b3">κύβ-δα</b> [[bent forward]] (Archil., com.). Enlarged present [[κυπτάζω]] [[keep stooping]], [[go poking about]] (com.). - Besides [[κυφός]] [[bent forwards]], [[hunchbacked]] (β 16) with several derivv.: [[κύφων]], <b class="b3">-ωνος</b> m. <b class="b2">bent yoke of the plough, pillory, who has had is neck in a pillory, curved beam etc.</b> (Thgn., Archil., com. etc.) with [[κυφώνιον]] kind of salve (Alex. Trall.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> <b class="b2">punishment by the κ,</b> (sch.); [[κυφότης]] [[being bent]] (Hld.), [[κῦφος]] n. [[hump]], [[hunch]] (Hdn.; Schwyzer 512). Denomin. [[κυφόομαι]] [[be bent]], [[humpbacked]] with [[κύφωσις]] [[being humpbacked]], <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> [[hump]] (medic.); as backformation (to [[κυφός]] or [[κέκυφα]]?) [[κύφω]] in <b class="b3">κύφοντα ὀφθαλμοῖς</b> [[with downcast eyes]] (LXX). - With factitive meaning [[κυπόω]] [[overthrow]], only (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>) [[κυπώσας]] (Lyc., Nic.); after [[τύπτω]] (: [[τύπος]]) : [[τυπόω]]?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: As [[κυφός]] is in Greek isolated in its formation, it may be original as against the regular [[κύπτω]] (with old perfect [[κέκυφα]]?). [[κυφός]] has been compared with Skt. <b class="b2">kubhrá-</b> m. [[humpbacked bull]], <b class="b2">kubjá-</b> [[humpbacked]], [[curved]], for which recently mundide origin has been claimed; a reduplicated formation is found in Skt. <b class="b2">kakúbh-</b> f. [[top]], [[summit]], [[hump]]. Directe comparison of [[κῦφος]] n. with Av. <b class="b2">kaōfa-</b> m. [[mountain]], [[camel-hump]] (Brandenstein <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 53) is deceptive, as [[κῦφος]] was built in Greek to [[κυφός]]. Of words with final <b class="b2">-p-</b> may be mentioned Lith. <b class="b2">kuprà</b>, OHG [[hovar]] [[hump]]. Uncertain is the relation to diverse glosses as <b class="b3">κύφερον η κυφήν κεφαλήν</b>. [[Κρῆτες]] H. (cf. Bechtel Dial. 2, 789) [prob.not here; see 2. [[κύμβη]]], also words for [[pot]], [[jar]] as Skt. <b class="b2">kumbhá-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">xumba-</b> m. (cf. Sturtevant Lang. 17, 10). Cf. further on [[κύπελλον]], 1. [[κύμβη]], [[κύβος]], [[κυψέλη]]. The variation <b class="b3">κυφ- κυπ-</b> rather points to a Pre-Greek word; there is no good IE comparandum.