κόπτω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[strike]], [[smite]], [[hew]], [[hammer]], [[disable]], [[tire out]]<br />Other forms: Aor. [[κόψαι]] (Il.), pass. [[κοπῆναι]] (Att.), perf. [[κέκοφα]] (Att.), ep. ptc. [[κεκοπώς]] (Ν 60 with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] <b class="b3">-φώς</b> and <b class="b3">-πών</b>; Aeol.? Schwyzer 772; after Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 397 rather themat. aor.), midd. [[κέκομμαι]] (A.), fut. [[κόψω]] (Alc., Hippon.),<br />Compounds: very often with prefix in several meaning variants, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>.<br />Derivatives: (Classif. not always clear): 1. [[κόπος]] prop. *stroke (so in E. Tr. 794 for trad. [[κτύπος]]?; cf. also A. Ch. 23), [[pain]], [[trouble]], [[labour]] (IA.); with [[κοπώδης]] [[tiring]] (Hp., Arist., hell.), [[κοπηρός]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hdn.); [[κοπόομαι]], <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[get tired]], [[tire]] (J., Plu. usw.) with [[κόπωσις]] (LXX), [[κοπάζω]] [[get tired]], [[leave off]] (Ion. hell.) with [[κόπασμα]] (Tz.), [[κοπιάω]] (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>) [[get tired]] (IA.) with [[κοπιαρός]] [[tiring]] (Arist., Thphr.), [[κοπιάτης]] [[land-labourer]], [[digger]] (Cod. Theod., Just.), [[κοπιώδης]] = [[κοπώδης]] (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">κοπίαι ἡσυχίαι</b> H. - 2. (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b> etc.)[[κοπή]] <b class="b2">hewing etc.</b> (IA.) with [[κόπαιον]] (Alciphr.), [[κοπάδιον]] (Gloss.) [[piece]], [[κοπάριον]] [[sort of probe]] (medic.), (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-)κοπεύς</b> [[oilstamper]], [[chisel ]] (hell.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 73). - 3. [[κόμμα]] (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>) [[cut in]], [[stamp]], [[part]] (IA.) with [[κομμάτιον]] [[small part]] (Eup.), [[κομματίας]] [[who speaks in short sentences]] (Philostr.), <b class="b3">-ατικός</b> [[consisting of short sentences]] (Luc.); 4. [[κομμός]] [[beat the breast]], [[dirge]] (A., Arist.). - 5. [[κόπις]], <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> m. [[prater]] (Heraklit. 81 [?], E. Hec. 132 [lyr.], Lyc.), cf. <b class="b3">ὠτοκοπεῖ κεφαλαλγει</b>, <b class="b3">ἐνοχλεῖ λαλῶν</b> H., <b class="b3">κόπτειν την ἀκρόασιν</b>, <b class="b3">δημο-κόπος</b> = [[δημηγόρος]] (H.) etc. (Persson Beitr. 1, 162f.; s. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 48, v. Wilamowitz Herm. 62, 277f.; diff. on [[κόπις]] Pisani Acme 1, 324); here (or to [[κόπος]]?) <b class="b3">κοπίζειν ψεύδεσθαι</b> H.; 6. [[κοπίς]], <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[slaughtering knife]], [[curved sabre]] (Att.), also name of the meal on the first dayof the Hyacinthies in Sparta (Com.; cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 531) with [[κοπίζω]] <b class="b2">celebrate the K.</b> (Ath.); 7. [[κοπάς]], <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. [[pruned]], [[lopped]] (Thphr.), [[bush]] (hell. pap.), <b class="b3">ἐπι-κοπ-άς</b> [[land cleared of wood]] (pap.). - 8. [[κοπετός]] = [[κομμός]] (Eup., LXX, Act. Ap.; from [[κόπος]]?; cf. Schwyzer 501 and Chantraine Formation 300). - 9. <b class="b3">πρό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-κοψις</b> etc. from <b class="b3">προ-κόπτειν</b> etc. (Sapph., Hp., Arist.). - 10. [[κόπανον]] [[slaughtering knife]], [[axe]] (A. Ch. 890), [[pestle]] (Eust.), from where [[κοπανίζω]] [[pound]] (LXX, Alex. Trall.) with [[κοπανισμός]], [[κοπανιστήριον]] H.; [[ἐπικόπανον]] [[chopping block]] (hell.). - 11. [[κοπτός]] [[pounded]] (Cratin., Antiph.; cf. Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 18); [[κοπτή]] ([[σησαμίς]]) [[cake from pounded sesame]] (hell. ep.), [[Meerzwiebel]], [[θαλάσσιον]] [[πράσον]] (Ath.; which Fur. 318 A 5 considers as Pre-Greek), [[pastille]] (Dsc.); 12. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-κόπτης</b> [[satirist]] resp. [[stonecutter]] (Timo resp. pap.), [[Προκόπτας]] = [[Προκρούστης]] (B. 18, 28); 13. (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b> usw.)[[κοπτικός]] (medic.) - 14. [[κόπτρα]] pl. [[wages of a hewer]] (Pap.); 15. [[κοπτήριον]] [[threshing place]] (hell. pap.). - 16. Two plant-names: [[κοπίσκος]] = <b class="b3">λίβανος σμιλιωτός</b> (Dsc. 1, 68, 1), <b class="b3">κόπηθρον φυτὸν λαχανῶδες ἄγριον</b> H. - Further verbal nouns like <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπέρ-κοπος</b> etc. and compounds like <b class="b3">δημο-κόπος</b> (cf. 5. above); s. Sturtevant ClassPhil. 3, 435ff.; on <b class="b3">-κόπος</b>, <b class="b3">-κοπῶ</b> in NGr. Hatzidakis Glotta 2, 292f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] ?? [cf. 930] <b class="b2">*kop-</b> [[strike]], [[smite]], [[hew]]<br />Etymology: The present [[κόπτω]] can agree with Lith. <b class="b2">kapiù</b> (inf. <b class="b2">kàpti</b>) [[hew]], [[fell]]; nasal present <b class="b2">kampù</b> (pret. <b class="b2">kapaũ</b>, inf. <b class="b2">kàpti</b>) [[be cut down]], [[get tired]] (cf. [[κόπος]] [[labour]]) and uncharacterized Alb. [[kep]] [[hew]], IE. <b class="b2">*kopō</b> (not <b class="b2">*kapō</b>); (acc. to Mann Lang. 26, 386 from <b class="b2">*kopi̯ō</b>, identical with [[κόπτω]]?). Further the secondary formation Lith. <b class="b2">kapóju</b>, <b class="b2">-óti</b> [[hew]], [[split]], [[cut down]] = Latv. <b class="b2">kapãju</b>, <b class="b2">-ât</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also in Slav., e. g. Russ. <b class="b2">kopájo</b>, <b class="b2">-átь</b> [[hew]], [[dig]]. The relation of these forms to the many words with initial <b class="b2">sk-</b>, e. g. [[σκάπτω]], [[σκέπαρνος]] (s. vv.), is an unsolved question; cf. Pok. 930ff., and W.-Hofmann s. [[cāpō]]. - If to [[σκάπτω]] etc. the word might be Pre-Greek.