μανθάνω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[learn to know]], [[experience]] (Pi.).<br />Other forms: aor. [[μαθεῖν]] (Il.), fut. [[μαθήσομαι]] (Thgn., Parm.), perf. [[μεμάθηκα]] (Anacr., Xenoph., Emp.).<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Nom. actionis: 1. [[μάθη]] f. [[learning]], [[insight]] (Emp., H.). 2. [[μάθος]] n. [[what is learnt]], [[custom]] (Alc., Hp., A.). 3. [[μάθησις]] = [[μάθη]] (Alcm., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 99 w. n. 1). 4. [[μάθημα]] [[what was learnt]], [[knowledge]], pl. <b class="b2">(mathematical) sciences</b> (IA., hell.) with <b class="b3">μαθη-ματ-ικός</b> [[fond of learning]], [[scientific]], [[mathematic]] (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), <b class="b3">-ικεύομαι</b> [[argue mathematically]] (Dam.). 5. [[μαθημοσύνη]] [[learning]] (Phryg., Empire; Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 64). Nom. agentis: <b class="b3">μαθη-τής</b> [[disciple]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[like a disciple]] (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">-τικεύομαι</b> (Dem.), <b class="b3">-τεύω</b> <b class="b2">be a disciple, make a d.</b> (NT, Plu.) with <b class="b3">-τεία</b> [[education]] (Timo, D. Chr.), <b class="b3">-τιάω</b> [[want to be a disciple]] (Ar.); f. <b class="b3">-τρίς</b> (Ph.), <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (D.S., Act.Ap. u.a.); [[μαθετής]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Knossos IIa; after [[εὑρετής]]? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 186).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [730] <b class="b2">*mendʰ-</b> [[direct ones attention on]]<br />Etymology: On the meaning s. B. Snell Ausdrücke 74f., H. Dörrie, Leid und Erfahrung. Die Wort- und Sinnverbindung [[παθεῖν]] -- [[μαθεῖν]] im griech. Denken. Mainz 1956. The Greek forms all go back on the zero grade aorist [[μαθεῖν]]; full grades could have either <b class="b3">μενθ-ήρη</b> [[φροντίς]], [[μέριμνα]]' (H., EM) or <b class="b3">προ-μηθ-ής</b> [[design]], [[careful]]. The last is isolated (cf. s. v.); with <b class="b3">μενθ-</b> agrees OHG [[mendī]] [[gladness]] with [[menden]] [[rejoice]], beside zero grade e.g. in Goth. [[mundon sis]] [[look at one]], [[σκοπεῖν]], OWNo. [[munda]] <b class="b2">aim (with a weapon), have a goal</b>. The root has more or less probable representatives in other languages: Alb. [[mund]] [[can]], [[overcome]] (IE <b class="b2">*mn̥dh-</b>); Celt., e.g. Welsh [[mynnu]] [[want]], Lith. <b class="b2">mañdras</b> [[lively]], [[cheerful]], OCS <b class="b2">mǫdrъ</b> [[φρόνιμος]], [[σοφός]]', all with full grade (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> or <b class="b2">*mondh-</b>). On Skt. <b class="b2">medhā́</b> [[wisdom]], [[insight]], Av. [[mazdā]] [[rememberance]] s. Mayrhofer Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden) 13 (1956), 112 Sp. 2, where with Duchesne-Guillemin a basis <b class="b2">*mn̥sdhā</b> (to <b class="b2">mánas</b> = [[μένος]]) is assumed. - Further forms in WP. 2, 270 f. (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> [[direct ones mind on]]), Pok. 730, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">mañdras</b>, Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">múdryj</b>; there also on the further analysis in <b class="b2">men-dh-</b> (to [[μένος]]).