λίθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], ου, o( (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''),<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[stone]], Hom., etc.; especially of the [[stones]] thrown by [[warrior]]s, τρηχὺς λίθος, λίθος ὀκριόεις, Il.5.308, 8.327; also, [[stonequoit]], Od.8.190; ἑλέσθαι… ἐκ γαίας λίθον A.Fr.199.4; of [[building]]-[[stone]]s, λίθοι βασιλικοί PSI4.423.28, PCair.Zen.499.20 (both iii B.C.): [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἐν παντὶ γάρ τοι σκορπίος φρουρεῖ λίθῳ]] = for a [[scorpion]] [[keep]]s [[watch]] in [[every]] [[stone]], [[lapide sub omni latet insidians nepa]] S.Fr.37; λίθον [[ἕψειν]] 'to [[lose]] one's [[labour]]', Ar.V.280; also of [[stupid]] [[person]]s, '[[blockhead]]s', λίθοι Id.Nu.1202, cf. Thgn.568, Pl.Hp.Ma.292d, Gal.9.656; λίθος τις, οὐ δούλη Herod.6.4; προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ [[φρονεῖν]] λίθος, of [[Niobe]], Philem.101; ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν Pl.Grg.494a sq.; [[λίθῳ λαλεῖς]] [[proverb|prov.]] = you [[talk]] to a [[stone]], of [[ἀναίσθητος|ἀναίσθητοι]], Macar.5.61.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[stone]] as a [[substance]], opp. [[wood]], [[flesh]], etc., ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Il.4.510; λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε = [[turn]]ed into [[stone]], [[petrify|petrified]], 24.611, cf. Pl.Smp.198c; so [νῆα] θεῖναι λίθος Od.13.156; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, σοὶ δ' αἰεὶ κραδίη στερεωτέρη ἐστὶ λίθοιο 23.103, cf. Theoc.3.18.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[λίθος]], ἡ, twice in Hom., Il.12.287, Od.19.494, just like masc., also in Theoc.7.26, Bion Fr.1.2: later mostly of some special [[stone]], as the magnet is called [[Μαγνῆτις λίθος]] by E.Fr.567 (but ἡ λίθος simply in Democr.11k, Arist.Ph. 267a2, cf. [[varia lectio|v.l.]] de An.405a20); also [[Λυδία λίθος]] by S.Fr.800 (but in B.Fr. 10 J. [[Λυδία λίθος]] = [[touchstone]]); [[Ἡρακλεία λίθος]] by Pl.Ion533d, Epicur.Fr. 293; so of a [[touchstone]], Pl.Grg.486d; ἡ διαφανὴς λίθος a piece of [[crystal]] used for a burning-glass, Ar.Nu.767, cf. Luc.Alex.21; χυτὴ λίθος was perhaps a kind of [[glass]], and so an older name for [[ὕαλος]], Epin.1.8 (the same thing as the ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά in Hdt.2.69; cf. τὴν ὕαλον… ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται Pl.Ti.61c); λίθος = [[precious stone]] is fem. in Hp.Nat.Mul.99, IG22.1421.92, 1460.21, but masc. in Hdt.2.44, etc.; in the sense of [[marble]] mostly masc., λευκὸς λίθος Id.4.87 (simply λίθος 1.164), S.Fr.330 (λευκοὶ λίθοι is opp. πέτρινοι λίθοι Supp.Epigr.4.446.8 (Didyma)); [[Πάριος]] λίθος Pi.N.4.81, Hdt.3.57; [[Ταινάριος]] λίθος Str.8.5.7; λίθος [[Θάσιος]], [[Αἰγύπτιος]], etc., Paus.1.18.6, etc.; [[κογχίτης]] Id.1.44.6; [[κογχυλιάτης]] X.An.3.4.10; but Παρία λίθος Theoc.6.38, Luc.Am.13; cf. [[λυχνίας]], [[λυχνίτης]]; [[πώρινος]] λίθος [[tufa]], Hdt.5.62.<br><span class="bld">2</span> collectively, πέφυκε λίθος… [[ἄφθονος]], [[ἐξ οὗ]]… X.Vect.1.4.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[gravestone]] (fem.), Call.Epigr.8.1.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> at [[Athens]], [[λίθος]], ὁ, was a name for various [[block]]s of stone used for rostra or [[platform]]s, as,<br><span class="bld">1</span> the [[βῆμα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) of the [[Pnyx]], Ar.Ach.683, Pax 680, Ec.87.<br><span class="bld">2</span> another in the [[ἀγορά]] used by the [[κῆρυξ|κήρυκες]], Plu.Sol.8; prob. the same as ὁ πρατὴρ λίθος, on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., Poll.3.78, cf. 126.<br><span class="bld">3</span> an [[altar]] in the [[ἀγορά]], at which the [[thesmothetae]], [[arbitrator]]s, and [[witness]]es took their [[oath]]s, Philoch.65, D.54.26 (restored from Harp. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[λίθος]]), Arist.Ath.7.1, 55.5, Plu.Sol.25; cf. [[λιθωμότης]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> two [[stones]] on which [[litigant]]s stood in the [[Areopagus]], Paus.1.28.5.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[piece]] on a [[draughtboard]], Alc.82, Theoc. 6.18, cf. γραμμή 111.1: hence pron., [[πάντα λίθον κινεῖν]] = [[leave no stone unturned]] Zen.5.63 (who explains it differently).<br><span class="bld">VI</span> Medic., [[stone]] in the [[bladder]], [[calculus]], Arist.HA519b19, Hp.Morb.4.55, al.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι]] = [[swear]] by [[Jupiter]] the [[stone]], Lat. [[Jovem lapidem jurare]], Plb.3.25.6.<br><span class="bld">VIII</span> [[λίθοι χαλάζης]] = [[hailstones]], [[LXX]] Jo.10.11.<br><span class="bld">IX</span> [[λίθος ὁ οὐ λίθος]] the [[philosopher]]s' [[stone]], Zos. Alch.p.122 B.