πρότερος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=and [[πρῶτος]], Comp. and Sup. formed from [[πρό]], opp. [[ὕστερος]], [[ὕστατος]]. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Comp. πρότερος, προτέρα, πρότερον, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[before]], [[in front]], [[πρότεροι πόδες]] = the [[forefeet]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.228</span>; <b class="b3">πρότεροι ἵπποι</b> [[horse]]s [[in front]], <span class="bibl">B.5.43</span>:— but mostly, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], [[former]], [[earlier]], ἄνδρες <span class="bibl">Il.21.405</span>; ἄνθρωποι <span class="bibl">5.637</span>, <span class="bibl">23.332</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ πρότεροι</b> = [[men of former times]], <span class="bibl">4.308</span> (rarely without Art., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1338</span> (anap.), etc.); οὗτος δὲ προτέρης γενεῆς π. τ' ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Il.23.790</span>: also, [[older]], opp. [[ὁπλότερος]], <span class="bibl">2.707</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γενεῇ π</b>. <span class="bibl">15.182</span>; but <b class="b3">παῖδες πρότεροι</b> [[children]] by the [[first]] or a [[former]] [[marriage]], <span class="bibl">Od.15.22</span>; παῖδες ἐκ τῆς π. γυναικός <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.2</span>; <b class="b3">τῇ προτέρῃ</b> (sc. [[ἡμέρᾳ]]) [[on the day before]], <span class="bibl">Od.16.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἠοῖ τῇ προτέρᾳ</b> <span class="bibl">Il.13.794</span> (in Prose more freq. <b class="b3">τῇ προτεραίᾳ</b>, cf. [[προτεραῖος]]); <b class="b3">τοῦ προτέρου ἐνιαυτοῦ</b> the [[year]] [[before]], IG12.352.11; <b class="b3">τοῖς προτέροις Παναθηναίοις</b> the [[preceding]] P., ib.57.8; <b class="b3">τὰ πρότερα</b> what has [[precede]]d, <span class="bibl">Plot.3.2.8</span>:—freq. used predicatively, sometimes where we should expect the Adv. (which is never used by Hom.), ὅ με π. κάκ' ἔοργε Il. <span class="bibl">3.351</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.569</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>708</span>, etc.; σπονδὰς οὐ λύσετε πρότεροι <span class="bibl">Th.1.123</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ πρότεροι ἐπιόντες</b> ibid.; τοῖς προτέροις μετὰ Κύρου ἀναβᾶσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.4.12</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>22.1.7; εἰ μὴ π. ἑωράκη αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκεῖνος ἐμέ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>336d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">432c</span>, etc.; ὅτι εἴη π. ὑπὸ ἐκείνων ἠδικημένος PCair.Zēn. <span class="bibl">288.9</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> as regular Comp., c. gen., ἐμέο πρότερος <span class="bibl">Il.10.124</span>; π. τούτων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.168</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>86b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>282d</span>; τὰς γυναῖκας μὴ ἀπιέναι προτέρας τῶν ἀνδρῶν <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).593.19 (Iulis, v B.C.); <b class="b3">τῇ προτέρᾳ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς τροπῆς</b> the day [[before]] . ., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1316a16</span>; προτέρᾳ εἰδυῶν Ὀκτωμβρίων <span class="title">IG</span>7.2225.14 (Thisbe, Senatus Consultum, ii B.C.); <b class="b3">τῷ π. ἔτει Παναθηναίων τῶν μεγάλων</b> ib.22.212.27; τῷ π. ἔτει τῆς ἥττης <span class="bibl">Plb.2.43.6</span>: followed by <b class="b3">ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ τὸν κρητῆρα [ἐληΐσαντο</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, [[superior]], <b class="b3">τῷ γένει, τῇ δυνάμει</b>, <span class="bibl">Is.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">D.3.15</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὸς πρός τι</b> [[superior to]] him in... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span> 183b</span>; <b class="b3">π. τι ἄγειν, π. ποιήσασθαι τὰ σὰ πράγματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>58.36</span>,<span class="bibl">52.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., neut. [[πρότερον]] freq. as adverb, [[before]], [[earlier]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.31</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.45</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.374.265, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>317e</span>: c. gen., π. φήμης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>866</span> (anap.); ὀλίγῳ τι π. τούτων <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.95</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοῖσι ἔτεσι π. τούτων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">96</span>; ἐνιαυτῷ π. τῆς ἁλώσεως <span class="bibl">D.9.60</span>; also <b class="b3">πρὸ τῶν Περσικῶν δέκα ἔτεσι π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>642d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Criti.</span>112a</span>; <b class="b3">τούτου π</b>. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.1.2</span>: most freq. followed by ἤ, π. ἢ κατὰ τὴν προσδοκίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 264b</span>; also μὴ π. ἀπαναστῆναι ἢ ἐξέλωσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.54</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.63</span>, etc.: with inf., π. ἢ βασιλεῦσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>, etc.: followed by [[πρίν]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.82</span>; by <b class="b3">πρὶν ἄν</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">140</span>; by <b class="b3">πρὶν ἤ</b> with vb. in Indic., <span class="bibl">Id.6.45</span>, <span class="bibl">8.8</span>, or Subj., <span class="bibl">7.8</span>.β ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[πρὶν ἂν ἢ]]), <span class="bibl">9.93</span>; also οὐ π. εἰ μὴ . . <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lys.</span>10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ π. ἕως . .</b>, or <b class="b3">ἕως ἂν . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.12.71</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.14.640c</span>; μὴ π., ἀλλ' ὅταν . . <span class="bibl">Plb.9.13.3</span>: also used with the Art., <b class="b3">τὸ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>522a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.4.14</span>, etc. (τὸ [[πρότερον]], also, [[for the first time]], Ep. Gal.<span class="bibl">4.13</span>): c. gen., τὸ π. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.144</span>: the Adv. is freq. put between Art. and Subst., ὁ πρότερος βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Id.1.84</span>; τὰ πρότερα ἀδικήματα <span class="bibl">Id.6.87</span>; αἱ π. ἁμαρτίαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1355</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Sup. [[πρῶτος]], [[πρώτη]], [[πρῶτον]], Dor. [[πρᾶτος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> as adjective, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> of [[place]], [[foremost]], πρώτοισιν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι μιγέντα <span class="bibl">Od.18.379</span>; [[ἐν πρώτοις]], [[μετὰ πρώτοισι]] alone, <span class="bibl">Il.19.424</span>, <span class="bibl">11.64</span>; <b class="b3">πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ, ἐνὶ πρώτῳ ὁμάδῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">15.340</span>, <span class="bibl">17.380</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς πρώτης τάττειν</b> (sc. τάξεως) <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.180</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.16.15</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν π. ῥυμῷ</b> at the [[front]] or [[end]] of the [[pole]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.40</span>, <span class="bibl">16.371</span>; <b class="b3">πρώτῃσι θύρῃσιν</b> at the [[outermost]] [[door]]s, <span class="bibl">22.66</span>; <b class="b3">π. ξύλον</b> the [[front]] bench, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.4.121</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ πρότεροι πόδες</b>, like [[πρόσθιοι]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.193</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of [[time]], <b class="b3">στάντα πρὸς π. ἕω</b> looking towards [[first]] [[dawn]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>477</span>; περὶ π. νύκτα <span class="bibl">Poll.1.70</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of Order, serving as ordinal to <b class="b3">εἷς, ἄεθλα θῆκε . . τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ... αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ... κτλ</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.23.265</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.179</span>; opp. [[ὕστατος]], <span class="bibl">2.281</span>, <span class="bibl">5.703</span>, etc.; opp. [[τελευταῖος]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>314</span>; opp. [[τανύστατος]], <span class="bibl">Od. 9.449</span>; πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>; τὰ πρότερα τῶν ὀνομάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span> 421d</span>; τῇ προτέρᾳ τῶν ἡμερέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.168</span>, etc.; π. ἄξων <span class="title">IG</span>12.115.10; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τοῦ προτέρου [ἱερείου</b>] [[first]]-[[offer]]ed, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς προτέροις λόγοις</b> in the [[earlier]] books, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>263a11</span>, al.; [[ἐν πρώτοις]] = [[among the first]], <span class="bibl">Is.7.40</span>; hence, [[above all]], [[especially]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>522c</span>; in Att., <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι</b> (v. ὁ, ἡ, τό A. VIII. 6):—freq. used predicatively of being the first to do something, Νέστωρ πρῶτος κτύπον ἄϊε <span class="bibl">Il.10.532</span>; πρῶτος ἀνατέλλει Eratosth.<span class="title">Cal.</span>42; εἴθε π. σοι ἐνέτυχον <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tyr.</span>21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Philos., [[first]] in [[order]] of [[existence]], [[primary]], αἱ π. οὐσίαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cat.</span>2b26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1032b2</span>; <b class="b3">προτέρα ὕλη, προτέρα φιλοσοφία</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1015a7</span>, <span class="bibl">1061b19</span>; [[primitive]], [[simple]], <b class="b3">οἰκία προτέρα, ἡ προτέρα πόλις</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b10</span>, <span class="bibl">1291a17</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ προτέρα κοινωνία</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1257a19</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ προτέρα ὀλιγαρχία</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1293a14</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ πρότερος συλλογισμός</b> [[normal]], [[typical]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1357a17</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πρότερα σώματα, μόρια</b>,= <b class="b3">τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ</b>, Gal.5.673,674; <b class="b3">πρῶτα κατὰ φύσιν</b>, e.g. health, perception, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>3.34; <b class="b3">τὰ πρότερα πάθη</b> ib.92; <b class="b3">αἱ π. ἀρεταί</b> ib.64. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> Math., <b class="b3">πρῶτοι ἀριθμοί</b> [[prime]] [[number]]s, <span class="bibl">Euc.7</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>11,12; but also, [[first]] [[number]]s (= 1 to 100,000,000) in the notation of <span class="bibl">Archim., <span class="title">Aren.</span>3.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[πρῶτος]] is sometimes used where we should expect πρότερος, Αἰνείας δὲ πρῶτος ἀκόντισεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.502</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.92</span>: in late Greek followed by gen., πρῶτός μου ἦν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>1.15</span>,<span class="bibl">30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.18</span>; οἱ πρῶτοί μου ταῦτα ἀνιχνεύσαντες <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span> 8.12</span>; πρώτη εὕρηται ἡ περὶ τοὺς πόδας κίνησις τῆς διὰ τῶν χειρῶν <span class="bibl">Ath. 14.630c</span>; γεννήτορα πρῶτον μητέρος εἰς ἀΐδην πέμψει <span class="bibl">Man.1.329</span>, <span class="bibl">4.404</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλόχου πρῶτος</b> [[before]] his wife, <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).590.5 (vi (?) A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of Rank or Dignity, <b class="b3">μετὰ πρώτοισιν</b> among the [[first]] [[men]] of the [[state]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.60</span>, etc.; νομίσαντες πρῶτοι ἂν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Th.6.28</span>; <b class="b3">διαβάλλειν τοὺς π</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1266a18</span>; αἱ π. πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th. 2.8</span>; ὁ πρότερος ἄρχων <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).481.10 (Thera), <span class="title">CIG</span>2837 (Aphrodisias); <b class="b3">ὁ πρότερος τῆς πόλεως</b>, as a title, <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).292.2 (Paros); ὁ πρότερος τῆς νήσου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>28.7</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν π. φίλων</b>, title at the Ptolemaic court, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>31.15</span> (ii B.C.), etc.; <b class="b3">τῶν π</b>., as military title, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.110.72</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.23</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>815</span> <span class="title">Fr.</span>4.23,al.(iii B.C.): c. gen., ἐν πρώτοισι Μυκηναίων <span class="bibl">Il.15.643</span>; οἱ πρότεροι στρατοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1305</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>304</span>, etc.: c. dat. modi, <b class="b3">ἀρετῇ προτέρᾳ, οἱ πρότεροι καὶ χρήμασι καὶ γένει, πλούτῳ π. τῶν Ἑλλήνων</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1425</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.65</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.16.31</span>, etc.; π. ἐν συμφοραῖς βίου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of Degree, [[first]], [[highest]], μοῖρα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>145</span> (anap.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> as [[substantive]] in neut. pl. [[πρῶτα]], [[τά]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> (sc. [[ἆθλα]]), [[first prize]], τὰ πρότερα λαβών <span class="bibl">Il.23.275</span>; τὰ πρότερα δόρει κρατύνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1313</span>; ἔχειν πρῶτα κυναγεσίας <span class="title">AP</span>6.118 (Antip.); τὰ πρότερα φέρεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.C.42.57</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[first part]], [[beginning]], <b class="b3">τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ πρότερα</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>392e</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>221d</span>; τὸ π. τοῦ ᾄσματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>343c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[first]], [[highest]], in degree, <b class="b3">τὰ πρότερα τᾶς λιμῶ</b> (Dor.) the [[extremity|extremities]] of [[famine]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 743</span> ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[ἄπρατα]]) ; ἐχέτωσαν τὰ πρότερα τῆς εὐδαιμονίας <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>10</span>; ἐς τὰ πρότερα [[τιμᾶσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Th.3.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; <b class="b3">φρενῶν ἐς τὰ ἐμεωυτοῦ προτέρου οὔκω ἀνήκω</b> I have not yet come to the [[highest]] [[development]] of my [[judgment]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.C.38.22</span>; of persons, <b class="b3">ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ πρότερα</b> <span class="bibl">Hdt. 6.100</span>; <b class="b3">Λάμπων . . Αἰγινητέων &lt;ἐὼν&gt; τὰ πρότερα</b> <span class="bibl">Id.9.78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>917</span>; <b class="b3">ἐστὶν τὰ πρότερα τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας</b> (of a person) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>421</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> Philos., [[primary things]], [[elements]], <span class="bibl">Emp.38.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GC</span>335a29</span>; τὰ πρότερα αἴτια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mete.</span>338a20</span>; also τὸ π. ἐνυπάρχον ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>193a10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in Logic, the [[first]] [[undemonstrable]] [[proposition]]s, on which all future conclusions rest, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>100b18</span>; τὰ πρότερα ἀναπόδεικτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>71b26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> in Adverbial phrases, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">τὴν πρώτην</b> (sc. [[ὥραν]], [[ὁδόν]]) [[first]], [[for the present]], [[just now]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span>662</span>, <span class="bibl">D.3.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1038a35</span>, etc.; τὴν πρώτην εἶναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.153</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Preps., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ πρώτης</b> (sc. [[ἀρχῆς]]) <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.56</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>; ἀπὸ τῆς προτέρας εὐθύς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Babr.45.14</span>; κατὰ πρώτας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>292b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.52.19</span>; κατὰ τὴν προτέραν εὐθύς <span class="bibl">Id.62.3</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ τὴν προτέραν</b> [[the first time]], opp. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας</b>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span> 1.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> freq. as adverb in neut. sg. and pl., [[πρῶτον]], [[πρῶτα]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> [[first]], [[in the first place]], <b class="b3">πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον</b> (vulg. [[ὕστερον]]) <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span> 34</span>; π. μὲν... δεύτερον αὖ... τὸ τρίτον αὖ . . <span class="bibl">Il.6.179</span>; <b class="b3">τί π. τοι ἔπειτα, τί δ' ὑστάτιον καταλέξω</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.9.14</span>; Κύπριδα μὲν πρῶτα... αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ' . . <span class="bibl">Il.5.458</span>; οὐρῆας μὲν π. ἐπῴχετο... αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα . . <span class="bibl">1.50</span>; π. μὲν... ἔπειτα δὲ . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>632</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.2</span>,<span class="bibl">23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>5.6.7</span>-<span class="bibl">8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hier.</span>11.8</span>, etc.; π. μὲν... ἔπειτα . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>89a</span>, etc.; π. μὲν... ἔπειτα δεύτερον... τρίτον δὲ . . <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.7</span>; π. μὲν... εἶτα . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>15b</span>; π. μὲν... εἶτα δὲ . . <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>1.2.16</span>; π. μὲν... εἶτα... ἔτι δὲ . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.1</span>; π. μὲν... . . δὲ αὖ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>935a</span>; π. μὲν... ἔτι δὲ . . <span class="bibl">Lys.4.10</span>, etc.; π. μὲν... ἔτι τοίνυν . . <span class="bibl">D.44.57</span>; freq. answered only by [[δέ]], <span class="bibl">Id.9.48</span>, etc.; sometimes the answering clause must be supplied, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>810</span>, <span class="bibl">D.7.7</span>, etc.: also πρῶτον μὲν . . δεύτερον μήν . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>66a</span>: also πρῶτα μὲν... ἔπειτα . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 616</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>728</span>; πρῶτα μὲν... ἔπειτα... εἶτα . . <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>548</span>; πρῶτα μὲν... . . δὲ . . <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>447</span>; <b class="b3">πρῶτα μὲν... ἔπειτα δὲ . .</b>X <span class="title">HG</span>7.1.7, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>919</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπεί σε πρῶτα κιχάνω</b> since my [[first]] meeting is with you, <span class="bibl">Od. 13.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.53</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.274</span>: also <b class="b3">τὸ πρῶτον</b>, [[first]], [[in the first place]], [[at the beginning]], ὡς τὸ π. ὑπέστην καὶ κατένευσα <span class="bibl">4.267</span>; οὕνεκά σ' οὐ τὸ π., ἐπεὶ ἴδον, ὧδ' ἀγάπησα <span class="bibl">Od.23.214</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">Il.3.443</span>, <span class="bibl">6.345</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.41</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>3.49</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν οὖν π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>333d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ π .... μετὰ ταῦτα . .</b></span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> <span class="bibl">1.12</span>: also <b class="b3">τὰ πρότερα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.257</span>, etc.; πόντῳ μὲν τὰ π .... αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα . . <span class="bibl">Il.4.424</span>; τὰ πρότερα μὲν... ὡς δὲ . . <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>412</span>; τὰ π .... τέλος δὲ . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>149.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">966</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[too early]], [[before the time]], <b class="b3">ἦ τ' ἄρα καὶ σοὶ πρῶτα</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[πρωΐ]]) παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλε Μοῖρ' ὀλοή <span class="bibl">Od.24.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> = [[πρότερον]], [[before]], ἢν . . πρῶτον ἀπόλωμαι κακῶς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>1079</span>; π. οὐδ' ὑφ' ἑνὸς . . κρατηθέντες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.1</span>; <b class="b3">θάλασσα π. ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι γῆν</b> [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Heraclit.31</span>; λόγῳ π. ἢ τοῖς ἔργοις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1420b28</span>; οὐ π. αὐτὴν ἀπέκτειναν πρὶν ἢ ἀπεκύησεν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>5.18</span>; π. συμμελετᾶν ἢ μελετᾶν μαθέτω <span class="title">AP</span>12.206 (Strat.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[first]], [[for the first time]], οὐ . . νῦν πρῶτα ποδώκεος ἄντ' Ἀχιλῆος στήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.20.89</span>; οὐ νῦν πρῶτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>966</span>; ἐνταῦθα πρῶτον ἔφαγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> [[πρῶτον]], [[πρῶτα]] are used after the relat. Pron. and after relat.Advbs., like Engl.[[once]] (= [[at all]]), οὐδ' ἐνοσίχθων λήθετ' ἀπειλάων, τὰς . . Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἐπηπείλησε <span class="bibl">Od.13.127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.320</span>, <span class="bibl">10.328</span>, <span class="bibl">13.133</span>, <span class="bibl">Il. 1.319</span>, <span class="bibl">19.136</span>; <b class="b3">μοῖραν δ' οὔ τινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι ἀνδρῶν . . ἐπὴν τὰ πρότερα γένηται</b> when [[once]] he is born, <span class="bibl">6.489</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.183</span>, <span class="bibl">4.13</span>,<span class="bibl">414</span>; οὔτε . . Λυκίους ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἂψ ὤσασθαι, ἐπεὶ τὰ πρότερα πέλασθεν <span class="bibl">Il.12.420</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.11.106</span>, <span class="bibl">221</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ τὸ</b> (or [[τὰ]]) <b class="b3"> π</b>. [[now that]] . ., <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ π. ἀνέκραγον, οὐκ ἐπικεύσω</b> [[now that]] I have spoken up, <span class="bibl">14.467</span>; τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπε <span class="bibl">Il.1.235</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">276</span>, <span class="bibl">19.9</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">τῷ ῥ' Αἴας τὸ π. ἐφεζόμενος μέγ' ἀάσθη</b> (the rock) on which [[once]] seated </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> blasphemed, <span class="bibl">Od.4.509</span>: the sense [[as soon as]] is never necessary in Hom., but is possible in <span class="bibl">Od.4.414</span>, <span class="bibl">19.355</span>; <b class="b3">δινέμεν εὖτ' ἂν πρῶτα φανῇ σθένος Ὠαρίωνος</b> when [[once]] (or perhaps, [[as soon as]]), <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>598</span>; <b class="b3">ὅπως τις πρῶτα γένοιτο πάντας ἀποκρύπτεσκε</b> [[as soon as]] each was born, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>156</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς τὸ π</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.14</span>; τότ' εὐθὺς... ὅτε πρῶτον εἶδον <span class="bibl">D.18.141</span>; <b class="b3">αὖθίς με ἀνερέσθαι ὅταν ἐντύχῃς πρῶτον</b> the [[first time]] you meet me, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>211b</span>; ἐὰν μάθω γε πρῶτον . . τί λέγεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>338c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. [[πρώτως]] [[primarily]], first in Arist., π. καὶ κυρίως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1157a30</span>; opp. [[δευτέρως]], ib.<span class="bibl">1158b31</span>; <b class="b3">π. καθ' αὑτό</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ συμβεβηκός</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>192b22</span>, cf. Gal.1.692, al., <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.168b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὅτε π. ἐπεδήμησεν . .</b>when he [[first]] visited... <span class="title">BSA</span>27.228 (Sparta, ii A.D.).—(From [[πρῶτος]] was formed a new Sup. [[πρώτιστος]], [[quod vide|q.v.]])</span>

|auten=(comp. to [[πρό]]): [[fore]], [[former]]; πόδες, Od. 19.228; [[usually]] of [[time]], (οἱ) πρότεροι, ‘men of [[former]] [[time]],’ Il. 4.308 ; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρῃ), Od. 16.50 ; γενέῃ, ‘[[elder]],’ Il. 15.166.