πιέζω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=impf. [[ἐπίεζον]], Ep. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> πίεζον <span class="bibl">Od.12.174</span>, etc.: fut. [[πιέσω]] <span class="bibl">Diph.18.3</span>; Ep. πιέσσω <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>4.146</span>: aor. ἐπίεσα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.63</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>, etc. (but subj. πιέξῃς <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>, inf. πιέξαι <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).123.116 (Epid., iv B.C.), part. [[πιέξας]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[πιάξας]]) <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>224</span>): pf. πεπίεκα Demetr.Lac. <span class="title">Herc.</span>1012.44 :—Pass., fut. πιεσθήσομαι Gal.11.317 (δια-), Heliod ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.10.18.15</span>: aor. ἐπιέσθην <span class="bibl">Od.8.336</span>, <span class="bibl">Sol.13.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.11</span>, etc.; ἐπιέχθην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>, etc.: pf. πεπίεσμαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>392b33</span>, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.49</span>, cj. in <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.55</span>. etc.; πεπίεγμαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>5</span>.—From πῐεζέω we have [[πιεζέουσι]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fract.</span>31</span> : impf. [[πιέζευν]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Od.12.174</span>, <span class="bibl">196</span>; part. πιεζεῦντα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fract.</span>9</span>, πιεζεῦσαν <span class="bibl">Herod.8.47</span> :—Pass., part. [[πιεζεύμενος]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.146</span>, <span class="bibl">6.108</span>, <span class="bibl">8.142</span> (always with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[πιεζόμενος]]), <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>21</span>, πιεζούμενος <span class="bibl">Plb.3.74.2</span>; imper. πιεζείσθω <span class="title">IG</span>4.364.7 (Corinth, iv A.D.): impf. ἐπιεζοῦντο <span class="bibl">Plb.11.33.3</span>; so in later Gr., as <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Thes.</span>6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alc.</span>2</span>, etc.; Dor., Aeol., and later Gr. πῐάζω <span class="bibl">Alcm.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Alc.148</span>: aor. 1 ἐπίᾰσα <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ca.</span>2.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>8.20</span>; ἐπίαξα <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.35</span>, ([[ἀμφ]]-) [[Ep]]..<span class="bibl">6</span>: Pass., fut. πιασθήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Si.</span>23.21</span> : aor. ἐπιάσθην <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>19.20</span> : pf. πεπίασμαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>812</span> (i B. C.), Dsc.1.15, <span class="title">Hippiatr.</span>34 :—[[press tight]], [[squeeze]], χειρὶ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα <span class="bibl">Il.16.510</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>497</span>; [[ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε π]]. <span class="bibl">Od.4.419</span>; μ' ἐν δεσμοῖσι δέον μᾶλλόν τε πίεζον <span class="bibl">12.196</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">164</span>; [[π. τὰ χείλεα]] [[compress]] them, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>22</span>; [[ῥύγχος εἰς ὄξος πιέζων]] <span class="bibl">Axionic.8.5</span>; πιέζω τοὺς ὑπευθύνους = squeezing them (like figs), to try if they are ripe, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>259</span>; σφόδρα πιέζω αὐτοῦ τὸν πόδα <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>117e</span>; πιέζω [τὴν δεξιὰν] ἐμπαθῶς <span class="bibl">Plb.31.24.9</span> : abs., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.10.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1361b17</span> :—Pass., to [[be pressed tight]], ἐν δεσμοῖς <span class="bibl">Od.8.336</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>25</span>, al.; of wrestlers, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2</span>; [[πιέζεται ὅσα πόρους ἔχει κενούς]] = are [[compressible]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>386b1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[press down]] or [[weigh down]], of a heavy weight, Σικελία αὐτοῦ πιέζω στέρνα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1032</span> :—and in Pass., ὁ δ' ὦμος… πιέζεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.11</span> : metaph., [[oppress]], [[distress]], π. τινὰ ἡ δαπάνη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.35</span>; λιμός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 250</span>; καὶ πρὸς π. χρημάτων ἀχηνία (Abresch for [[προσπιέζει]]) ib.<span class="bibl">301</span>; [[συμφορὰ δ'ἑτέρους ἑτέρα π]]. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>894</span> (lyr.); αὐχμὸς π. τὰς ἀμπέλους <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>1120</span>; [[πιέζει με ἡ ἀνάγκη]] ib.<span class="bibl">437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span> :—freq. in Pass., ὑπὸ νούσοισι <span class="bibl">Sol.13.37</span>; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; πολέμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">6.34</span>; τῇ νούσῳ Pherecyd. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.1.122</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.47</span>; ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς <span class="bibl">Lys.28.3</span>; ταῖς συμφοραῖς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.20</span>; σπάνει σίτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.56</span>, etc.: abs., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.121</span>, etc.; of a river, to [[be exhausted]] from the heat of the sun, <span class="bibl">Id.2.25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[press hard]], of a victorious army, τοὺς ἐναντίους <span class="bibl">Id.9.63</span> :—Pass., [[τὴν πιεζομένην μάλιστα τῶν μοιρέων]] ib.<span class="bibl">60</span>; εἴ πῃ πιέζοιντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.49</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.34</span>; [[ὑπό τινων]] ib.<span class="bibl">7.1.43</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[bear hardly upon]], τινα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>409a</span>; τῷ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>6</span>; ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων πιέζεσθαι Phld.<span class="title">D.</span>3.8; of a point in the argument, [[hold fast to]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>965d</span>; [[press]] it, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.21.3</span>, Demetr.Lac. [[l.c.]], etc.; [[lay stress on]], Plu.2.31e: c. dat., [[insist upon]], τοῖσι περιπάτοισι Hp.<span class="title">Insomn.</span>88. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[determine precisely]], ἀποστήματα <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">49</span> (Pass.); π. δεῖ πῶς ἓν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἕτερον <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[repress]], [[stifle]], ἐν θυμῷ χόλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.37</span>; τὸν τῦφον <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[outweigh]], τἀγαθῷ τὸ δυστυχές <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>637</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>249</span> ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> later, [[lay hold of]], ταῦρον… πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς, [[by]] the [[hoof]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.35</span>; αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>3.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.30</span>, etc.</span>

|ftr='''πιέζω''': (seit Il.),<br />{piézō}<br />'''Forms''': -έω (Hom. u.a. als v.l.; Hp., Herod., Plb. u.a.), Aor. πιέσαι (ion. att.), Pass. πιεσθῆναι (seit θ 336), auch πιέξαι, -εχθῆναι (Hp., Epidaur. u.a.); Fut. πιέσω, Perf. Med. [[πεπίεσμαι]] (Arist. u.a.; -ίεγμαι Hp.), Akt. πεπίεκα; daneben [[πιάζω]] (Alkm., Alk., hell. u. sp.). πιάσαι (-άξαι Theok.), πιασθῆναι, [[πεπίασμαι]] (hell. u. sp.), vereinzelt m. ἐπ-, ἀπο- u.a.,<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[drücken]], [[pressen]], [[bedrängen]].<br />'''Composita''' : oft m. συν-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- u.a.;<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[πίε]]-(πία-)σις (συν-, ἀπο-~ u.a.) f. [[das Drücken]], [[der Druck]] (Pl., Arist. u.a.); 2. -σμός (ἐκ-, συν- ~ u.a.) m. ib. (Hp., Arist. u.a.); 3. -σμα (ἀπο-, ἐκ- ~ u.a.) n. [[Druck]], [[gepreßte Masse]] (Hp., Eub. u.a.); 4. -στήρ m. [[Presser]], [[Presse]] (att. Inschr., Mediz.) mit -στήριος [[pressend]], n. [[Presse]] (Dsk. u.a.); 5. -στρον n. ib. (Hp., Gal.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Zu [[πιεζέω]] als Neubildung neben älterem [[πιέζω]] vgl. [[κυρέω]] neben [[κύρω]] u.a. (Schwyzer 721). Auch [[πιάζω]] ist Neubildung (nach den Verba auf -άζω; viell. auch lautlich zu erklären; s. Schwyzer 244 m. Lit., u.a. Wackernagel IF 25, 336f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1032 f.). — Nicht sicher gedeutet. Große semantische und lautliche Ähnlichkeit zeigt aind. ''pīḍáyati'' [[drücken]], [[pressen]], [[verletzen]], das zunächst für *''pizd''- steht und somit gr. *πίζω entsprechen würde. Dafür [[πιέζω]] nach ἕζω (Schwyzer 721 A. 5)? Anders, sehr hart, Kuiper Acta Or. 12, 227f.: [[πιέζω]] aus *''pii̯es''-''dō'' als Hochstufe von *''pis''-''d''- in aind. ''pīḍ''-. Weitere Kombination hypothetisch: *''piz''-''d''- aus *''pis''-''d''- als ''d''-Erweiterung von idg. ''pis''- in lat. ''pīnsō'' [[zerstoßen]] u.a. (Fick, Curtius u. A.; vgl. [[πτίσσω]]). — Früher (Brugmann, Osthoff usw.; s. Bq [[sub verbo|s.v.]] und WP. 2, 486 [Pok. 887]) aus *(''e'')''pi''-''sed''-''i̯ō'' bzw. *(''e'')''pi''-''zd''- (> ''pīḍáyati'') eig. *"draufsitzen" = [[drücken]] erklärt; dagegen Kuiper a. O. und Mayrhofer s. v. m. reicher Lit. und zahlreichen Einzelheiten.<br />'''Page''' 2,533-534