κάμνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. [[κᾰμοῦμαι]], [[καμῇ]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1215</span>; <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> καμεῖται <span class="bibl">Il.2.389</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>921e</span>; Ep. inf. -έεσθαι <span class="bibl">A.R.3.580</span>: aor. 2 [[ἔκᾰμον]], Ep. κάμον <span class="bibl">Il.4.187</span>,al.; inf. [[καμεῖν]], Ep. subj. redupl. [[κεκάμω]], [[κεκάμῃσι]], [[κεκάμωσιν]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">17.658</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span> (but Aristarch. read <b class="b3">κε κάμω</b>, etc., prob. rightly): pf. κέκμηκα <span class="bibl">Il.6.262</span>, etc.: plpf. ἐκεκμήκεσαν <span class="bibl">Th.3.98</span>; Ep. part. [[κεκμηώς]], [[κεκμηῶτι]], [[κεκμηῶτα]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.232</span>, <span class="bibl">6.261</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.31</span>; κεκμηότας <span class="bibl">Il.11.802</span>; [[κεκμηῶτας]] is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[κεκμηκότας]] in <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span>:— Med., aor. 2 ἐκᾰμόμην <span class="bibl">Od.9.130</span>, Ep. καμ- <span class="bibl">Il.18.341</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> trans., [[work]], <b class="b3">μίτρη, τὴν Χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες</b> [[wrought]] it, <span class="bibl">4.187</span>,<span class="bibl">216</span>; ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε <span class="bibl">18.614</span>; σκῆπτρον... τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων <span class="bibl">2.101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.195</span>; κ. νῆας <span class="bibl">Od.9.126</span>; πέπλον <span class="bibl">Il.5.338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.105</span>; ἵππον <span class="bibl">11.523</span>; λέχος <span class="bibl">23.189</span>; [[ἄστυ]] [[build]], <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1322</span>: also in aor. Med., ἱρόν <span class="bibl">Id.2.718</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> aor.Med., [[win by toil]], [[τὰς]] (sc. [[γυναῖκας]]) αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ <span class="bibl">Il.18.341</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> aor.Med., [[labour]], [[till]], οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον… ἐκάμοντο <span class="bibl">Od.9.130</span>; οἴκους Philet.8. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> intr., [[toil]], [[labour]], τινι [[for]] one, <span class="bibl">Od.14.65</span>; ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Th.2.41</span>: then, from the effect of continued work, to [[be weary]], ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος μέγα οἶνος ἀέξει <span class="bibl">Il.6.261</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.802</span>: with acc. of the part, <b class="b3">οὐδέ τι γυῖα… κάμνει</b> nor [[is]] he [[weary]] in [[limb]], <span class="bibl">19.170</span>, etc.; περὶ δ' ἔγχεϊ Χεῖρα καμεῖται <span class="bibl">2.389</span>; ὁ δ' ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν <span class="bibl">16.106</span>: freq. c. part., <b class="b3">κ. πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνοντες, ἐρεθίζων</b>, is [[weary]] of [[fighting]], [[rowing]], etc., <span class="bibl">1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">17.658</span>, etc.; οὐ μέν θην κάμετον… ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας <span class="bibl">8.448</span>; ἔκαμον δέ μοι ὄσσε πάντῃ παπταίνοντι <span class="bibl">Od.12.232</span>; but <b class="b3">οὐδέ τι τόξον δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων</b> I [[did]] not long [[strain over]] stringing the bow, i.e. did it without [[effort]], <span class="bibl">21.426</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.8.22</span>: later freq. with neg., <b class="b3">οὔτοι καμοῦμαι… λέγουσα</b> I [[shall]] never [[be tired]] of [[say]]ing, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>881</span>; μὴ κάμῃς λέγων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1143</span>; οὐκ ἂν κάμοιμι τὰς κακὰς κτείνων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>1590</span>; οὔποτε κάμοιμ' ἂν ὀρχουμένη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>541</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">κ. εὐεργετῶν, ἐπαινῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>470c</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>921e</span>: c. dat., <b class="b3">κ. δαπάναις</b> to [[grow tired]] in [[spending]], [[spare]] [[expense]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.90</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> to [[be hard-pressed]], [[be worsted]], in [[battle]] or [[contest]], ib.<span class="bibl">1.78</span>,<span class="bibl">80</span>; τὸ κάμνον στρατοῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 709</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to [[be sick]] or [[be suffering]], <b class="b3">τί πάσχεις; τί κάμνεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>708</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κάμνοντες</b> [[the sick]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.197</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>282</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.64</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>5.15</span>, etc.; of a [[doctor]]'s [[patient]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.243</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>943.10 (Cos); <b class="b3">καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε</b> [[having fallen sick]], <span class="bibl">And.1.120</span>: c. acc. cogn., κάμνειν νόσον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>990</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408e</span>; [<b class="b3">τὴν ποδάγραν</b>] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>604a23</span>; τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.111</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σώματα</b> to [[be ill]] or [[be distempered]] in body, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>478a</span>; ὠσίν τε κὤμμασιν <span class="bibl">Herod.3.32</span>; πάθᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.48</span>; νοσήμασι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>603a30</span>; ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>60</span>; ὑπὸ νόσου <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.14.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> generally, to [[be distressed]], [[meet with disaster]], στρατοῦ καμόντος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>670</span>; τῷ πεποιημένῳ κ. μεγάλως <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>482</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1138</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HF</span>293</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ καμῇ τοὐμὸν μέρος</b> wilt not have to [[complain]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1215</span>; κ. ἔν τινι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>306</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>966</span>; of a ship, νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ πρὸς κύματι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>210</span>: c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἴσον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης</b> not [[having borne]] an equal share of grief, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>532</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in aor. part., of the dead, i. e. either [[outworn]], or [[those whose work is done]], or [[those who have met with disaster]], οἳ ὑπένερθε καμόντας ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον <span class="bibl">Il.3.278</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Theoc.17.49</span>; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων <span class="bibl">Od.11.476</span>; <b class="b3">εἴδωλα κ</b>. <span class="bibl">24.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>231</span>, etc.: also in pf. part. in Trag. and Prose, κεκμηκότες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>284</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>756</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>718a</span>, <span class="bibl">927b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1101a35</span>; <b class="b3">ἱερὰ τῶν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>96</span>; also in the finite Verb, ὅπη ἄνθρωπος ἔκαμε <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span> 1927.158 (Cyrene).--The pf. is always intr. (Cf. Skt. śamnīte '[[work]] [[hard]]', '[[serve]] [[zealously]]', śamitár- '[[sacrificing]] [[priest]]', Gr. [[εἰροκόμος]], [[κομέω]], [[κομίζω]].)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">toil, labour, build; get tired, die</b> (euphemism; almost only ep. <b class="b3">οἱ καμόντες</b>, Att. <b class="b3">οἱ κεκμηκότες</b>); [[be in danger]], [[be in need]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[καμεῖν]], fut. [[καμοῦμαι]] (Schwyzer 784), perf. [[κέκμηκα]], Dor. (Theoc.) [[κέκμακα]], ep. ptc. [[κεκμηώς]].<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>. - As 2. member in compunds: <b class="b3">ἀ-κάματος</b> [[without fatigue]] (Il.). <b class="b3">ἀ-κάμα-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-α-ντ-ος</b> [[indefatigable]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 526); more usual <b class="b3">-κμη-τ-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-τ-</b>), <b class="b3">-κμη-το-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-το-</b>), e. g. <b class="b3">ἀ-κμή-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆτ-ος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-κμητος</b> [[with much labour prepared]].<br />Derivatives: Verbal noun [[κάματος]] m. [[labour]], [[much demending labour]], [[fatigue]], [[pain]] (Il.; on the meaning Radermacher RhM 87, 285f. [doubtful]). [[καματώδης]] [[tiring]] (Hes., Pi.), [[καματηρός]] [[tiring]], [[tired]] (Ion., h. Ven. 246; after [[ἀνιηρός]] etc.; Chantraine Formation 232, Zumbach Neuerungen 15); [[καματηδόν]] [[with fatigue]] (Man.); also the verbal forms <b class="b3">καματῶν κοπιῶν</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκαμάτευσε μετὰ κακοπαθείας εἰργάσατο</b> H. (: [[καματάω]], <b class="b3">-τεύω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [557] <b class="b2">*ḱemh₂-</b> [[exert oneself]], [[get tired]]<br />Etymology: Beside the thematic nasal present [[κάμνω]] Sanskrit has an athematic <b class="b2">nā-</b>present (type <b class="b3">δάμ-να-μι</b>): midd. <b class="b2">śam-nī-te</b> [[exert onself]], [[labour]] (Schwyzer 693). The disyll. root form is seen in the impv. <b class="b2">śamī-ṣva</b> and the agent noun in <b class="b2">śami-tár-</b> [[who prepares]], which agree with Gr. <b class="b3">κάμα-τος</b>. Also the thematic aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ον</b>, <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ε</b> has a parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">a-śam-a-t</b>, both with zero grade, <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-e/o-</b> (Schwyzer 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 391); the full grade can be seen in athematic Skt. aor. <b class="b2">á-śami-ṣ-ṭa</b> (RV), <b class="b2">*e-ḱemh₂-t</b>. The zero grade in Greek is <b class="b3">κμη-</b>, PGr. <b class="b3">κμα-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-</b> (<b class="b3">κέ-κμη-κα</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b>.), which in Sanskrit gave <b class="b2">śān-tá-</b> (ptc.); s. Rix, Hist. Gramm 1976, 73. [[κάματος]] derives from <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-etos</b>. - Certain traces of the root in other languages have not been found; perhaps in some Celtic nouns, like MIr. [[cuma]] [[trouble]], [[cumal]] <b class="b2">slave (fem.)</b>. Pok. 557. - Cf. [[κομέω]], [[κομίζω]] (< <b class="b2">*ḱomh₂-</b>).