τίς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[τις]], [[τι]], Indef. Pron. any one, any thing, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions v. infr.):—but [[τίς]]; [[τί]]; Interrog. Pron. [[who]]? [[what]]?, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—Dialectal forms: Cypr. si-se σις ICS217.10, al.; perh. acc. pl. si-na-se σινας ICS10a.4; Arc. σις (with for σ) IG5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, v B.C.); Thess. κις ib. 9(2).515.12 (Larissa), 1226.4, 1229.27 (Phalanna), pl. κινες ib. 517.41 (Larissa), neut. [[κι]] in [[διεκί]], [[ποκκί]] (qq.v.); neut.pl.Dor. [[σά]], Boeot. [[τά]], Aeol. dat. [[τίῳ]], [[τίοισι]] (v. infr. B). (I.-E. qu̯i-, cf. Lat. [[quis]], [[quid]], etc. for [[σά]], [[τά]], v. [[ἄσσα]], [[σά μάν]]; with [[τέο]] (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. česo)<br><b class="num">A.</b> Indef. Pron. [[τις]], [[τι]], gen. Ion. τεο Od.16.305, Hdt.1.58; more freq. τευ Il.2.3.388, al., Hdt.4.30, al., Meliss.7, etc.; Trag. and Att. του A.Pr.21, Ar.Ach.329, Th.1.70, etc. (sts. fem., S.Aj.290,OT1107 (lyr.), E.Hec.370, etc.); του is rare after 300 B.C., never in [[LXX]] or NT, but found in IG12(5).798.17 (Tenos, iii B.C.), PCair.Zen.250.6, 647.23 (iii B.C.), Plb.3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, D.H.8.29, Plu.Fab.20, etc. τινος Pi.P.2.90, IG12.16.17, 65.41, A.Eu.5, Ch.102, S.Ant.698,al., Hdt.2.109, al. (Rh.Mus.72.483), etc.; dat.Ion. τεῳ Il.16.227, Od.11.502, Hdt.2.48, 5.86; Trag. and Att. τῳ (also in Hom., Il.1.299, 12.328, Od.13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) A.Th.1045, IG12.39.54, D.S.18.45; as fem., A.Th.472, S.OT80, etc.; τινι (Hom. in the form οὔ τινι Il.17.68, Od.14.96) Pi.O.9.26, al., B.17.12, Hdt.1.114 (elsewhere fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), A.Th.1041, S.Aj.443, 495, etc.; acc. τινα Il.1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. τι 2.122, etc.: dual τινε Od.4.26, Pl.Sph.237d, Prm.143c, 149e: pl. τινες (Hom. only in οὔ τινες Od.6.279, 17.587 and οἵτινες (v. ὅστις)); Dor. τινεν SIG527.127 (Drerus, iii B.C.); nom. and acc. neut. τινα (ὅτινα Il.22.450), never in Trag., Ar., Th., or Hdt., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Isoc.4.74, first in Pl.Chrm.163d, Ep.325a, D.47.63, Hyp.Ath.19,Alex.110, Sotad.Com.1.22, Arist.EN1094a5, IG42(1).121.35 (Epid. iv B.C.), etc.; ἄσσα (q.v.) Od.19.218, never in Trag. or Hdt.; Att. ἄττα first in Th.1.113, 2.100, Ar.Ra.173, al., Pl.R.400a, etc., never in LXX, Plb., D.S., Str., revived by the Atticists, D.H.Comp.3, etc.; gen. Ion. τεων Hdt.2.175, 5.57, τεῶν cj. for γε ῶν in 4.76; τινων not in Hdt., first in Ar.Eq.977 (lyr.); dat. τισι, τισιν, first in Hdt.9.113, X.Ath.1.18; N.-W. Dor. τινοις GDI1409.5 (Delph., iii B.C.); Ion. τεοισι Hdt.8.113, 9.27 (for τεοις and τεον v. τεός); acc. τινας Il.15.735, Od.11.371 (also in οὕστίας, ὅτινας, v. ὅστις), etc.; neut. τινα (v. supr.):—any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as Adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an; θεός νύ τίς ἐστι κοτήεις Il.5.191; καί τις θεὸς ἡγεμόνευεν Od.9.142; οὐδέ τις αὐτὸν ἠείδη δμώων ib. 205; ἤ τι ὀϊσάμενος, ἢ .. ib. 339; μή τίς μοι ὑποδείσας ἀναδύη ib. 377, cf. 405–410; εἴ τινά που μετʼ ὄεσσι λάβοι ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; τις θεός construed as if τις θεῶν, 19.40, cf. 11.502, IG12.94.19, E.Hel.1039.<br><b class="num">II. special usages:</b><br><b class="num">1</b>some one (of many), i.e. many a one, ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεσκεν Il.7.201, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying all or men, 13.638, Od.3.224; so in Prose, Hdt.5.49 fin., Th.2.37, etc.<br><b class="num">2. </b>any one concerned, every one, εὖ μέν τις δόρυ θηξάσθω Il.2.382; ἀλλά τις αὐτὸς ἴτω let every man come himself, 17.254; ἵνα τις στυγέῃσι καὶ ἄλλος 8.515, cf. 16.209, 17.227, al. so in Trag. and Att., even with the imper., τοῦτό τις .. ἴστω S.Aj.417 (lyr.), cf. E.Ba.346, Ar.Av.1187; ἀγορεύω τινὶ ἐμὲ μὴ βασανίζειν Id.Ra.628; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Th.1.40, cf. 6.77; ὅ τί τις ἐδύνατο Id.7.75; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, D.21.66, cf. 19.35:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words, τις ἕκαστος Od.9.65, Th.6.31, etc.; πᾶς τις A.Ag.1205, Hdt.6.80, Th.8.94, etc.; ἅπας τις Hdt.3.113, etc.; οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον Id.4.118. In these senses, τις is freq. combined with pl. words, οἱ κακοὶ .. οὐκ ἴσασι, πρίν τις ἐκβάλῃ, for πρὶν ἐκβάλωσι, S.Aj.965; οἷς ἂν ἐπίω, ἧσσόν τις πρόσεισι, for ἧσσον προσίασι, Th.4.85; ἐτόλμα τις .., ὁρῶντες Id.2.53, cf. 7.75; esp. after εἴ or ἤν τις, X.Mem.1.2.62, al.<br><b class="num">3. </b>in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, οὐκ ἔφασαν ἰέναι, ἐὰν μή τις χρήματα διδῷ (i.e. Cyrus) Id.An.1.4.12, cf. Ar.Ra.552, Theoc.5.122; so also euphemism for something bad, ἤν τι ποιῶμεν Th.2.47; ἂν οὗτός τι πάωῃ D.4.11: hence for the 1st or 2nd pers. Pron., ἅ τινʼ οὐ πείσεσθαι ὀΐω Il.1.289, cf. S.Ant.751; ποῖ τις τρέψεται; for ποῖ τρέψομαι; Ar.Th.603,cf. S.Aj.245 (lyr.), 1138, Th.4.59, X.An.3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc.<br><b class="num">4. </b>indefinitely, where we say they, French on, sts. with an ironical force, φοβεῖταί τις A.Ch.59 (lyr.); μισεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον D.4.8; as voc., τὸν Πλοῦτον ἔξω τις κάλει call P. out, somebody, Ar.Pl.1196.<br><b class="num">5. </b>τις, τι may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to οὐδείς, οὐδέν, and mean somebody, something, by meiosis for some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, E.El.939; εἰσὶν ὅμως τινὲς οἱ εὐδοκιμοῦντες Arist.Pol.1293b13; τὸ δοκεῖν τινʼ εἶναι Men.156; τὸ δοκεῖν τινὲς εἶναι D.21.213; ὡς σὲ μὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει δεῖ τινὰ φαίνεσθαι, τὴν πὸλιν δʼ ἐν τοῖς Ἕλλησι μηδενὸς ἀξίαν εἶναι Id.10.71; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμεν after all I too am somebody, Theoc.11.79, cf. Act.Ap.5.36; also in neut., οἴονταί τι εἶναι ὄντες οὐδενὸς ἄξιοι Pl.Ap.41e, cf. Phd.63c, Phdr.243a, Euthd.303c, etc.:—so τι λέγειν to be near the mark, opp. οὐδὲν λέγειν, Id.Prt.339c, R.329e, Phdr.260a, etc.; ἵνα καὶ εἰδῶμεν εἴ τι ὅδε λέγει Id.Cra.407e; οἴεσθέ τι ποιεῖν, οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες Id.Smp.173c.<br><b class="num">b. </b>τις is sts. opp. to another word, ἀελλοπόδων μέν τινʼ εὐφραίνοισιν ἵππων τιμαί .., τέρπεται δὲ καί τις .. Pi.Fr.221; τισὶ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀποροῦσι συνεξέδωκε θυγατέρας .., τοὺς δʼ ἐλύσατο ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων Lys.19.59; μίρος μέν τι σιδήρου, μέρος δέ τι ὀστράκινον LXXDa.2.33 (more freq. with the Article, v. infr. 10c); ἔστιν οὖν οὐ πᾶν τὸ ταχύ, ἀλλά τι (sic codd. BT) αὐτοῦ ἀγαστόν Pl.Cra.412c; ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι πᾶσι τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδίδοσθαι πάσας ταύτας τὰς κρίσεις ἢ τισὶ πάσας .. ἢ τινὰς μὲν αὐτῶν πᾶσι τινὰς δὲ τισίν Arist.Pol.1298a9, cf. 1277a23; τὸ μεῖζον τοῦθʼ ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἑτέρου λέγεται· τινὸς γὰρ λέγεται μεῖζον greater than something, Id.Cat.6a38; τὸ πρώτως ὂν καὶ οὐ τὶ ὂν ἀλλʼ ὂν ἁπλῶς Id.Metaph.1028a30; πότερον τῷ τυχόντι ἢ τισίν; Id.Pol.1269a26.<br><b class="num">6. </b>with pr. names τις commonly signifies one named so-and-so, ἦν δέ τις ἐν Τρώεσσι Δάρης Il.5.9, cf. X.An.3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, Θερσίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, S.Ph.442.<br><b class="num">b. </b>one of the same sort, converting the pr. name into an appellative, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν an Apollo or a Pan, A.Ag.55 (anap.); [πόλιες] ταὶ μέλονται πρός τινος ἢ Διὸς ἢ γλαυκᾶς Ἀθάνας Lyr. in PVat.11vxi 7; Σκύλλαν τινά A.Ag.1233, cf. Ar.V.181, Ar.Av.512, Ra.912: so also ὥς τις ἥλιος A.Ag.288; ἰσθμόν τινʼAr.Th.647.<br><b class="num">7. </b>with Adjs. τις combines to express the idea of a Subst. used as predicate ὥς τις θαρσαλέος καὶ ἀναιδής ἐσσι προΐκτης a bold and impudent beggar, Od.17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, Il.3.220; ἐγώ τις, ὡς ἔοικε, δνσμαθής a dullard, Pl.R.358a, cf. Prt.340e; φόβου πλέα τις εἶ a coward, A.Pr.696, cf. Th.979 (lyr.), Ag.1140 (lyr.); ὡς ταχεῖά τις .. χάρις διαρρεῖ in what swift fashion (= ταχέως πως), S.Aj.1266, cf. OT618, Hdt.4.198; δεινόν τι ποιεύμενος thinking it a terrible thing Id.3.155, 5.33.<br><b class="num">8. </b>with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the like, εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ .. ἔστω some one man, Il.1.144; ἕνα τινʼ ἂν καθεῖσεν Ar.Ra.911; δώσει δέ τι ἕν γε φέρεσθαι Od.15.83; τινὰ μίαν νύκτα Th.6.61; προσκαλεσάμενός τινας δύο τῶν ἑκατονταρχῶν Act.Ap.23.23; sts. the τις softens the definiteness of the numeral, ἐπτά τινες some seven, or so, Th.7.34; ἐς διακοσίους τινάς Id.3.111, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i.e. several, Id.3.52; στρατῷ τινι of a certain amount, considerable, Id.8.3; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, Id.3.68; so οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινὲς οὐ πολλοί, A.Pers.510, Th.6.94, etc.; ὀλίγοι τινές or τινὲς ὀλίγοι Id.2.17, 3.7; οὔ τινα πολλὸν χρόνον no very long time, Hdt.5.48; τις στρατιὰ οὐ πολλή Th.6.61; so also ὅσσος τις χρυσός what a store of gold, Od.1.45, cf. Hdt.1.193, 2.18, etc.; κόσοι τινές Id.7.234; πηλίκαι τινὲς τιμωρίαι Isoc.20.3; πολλὸς γάρ τις ἔκειτο Il.7.156; ἐκ πολλοὺ τευ χρόνου Hdt.2.58.<br><b class="num">9. </b>with Pronominal words, ἀλλά τί μοι τόδε θυμὸς .. μερμηρίζει something, namely this Od.20.38, cf. 380; οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.5.638 (dub.l.), cf. Od.9.348, 20.377, Pl.Prt.313a, etc.; ποῖός τις S.Ant.42, OC1163, Hdt.3.34, X.An.7.6.24, etc.; ὁποῖός τις Id.Cyr.2.2.2, al.; εὐτυχίη τις τοιήδε Hdt.3.139, cf. X.Mem.1.1.1, etc.; τοιοῦτός τις Id.An.5.8.7.<br><b class="num">10. </b>with the article,<br><b class="num">a. </b>when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with τις, as ὅταν δʼ ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the person in authority, whoever he be, is here, S.OC289; τοὺς αὐτοέντας .. τιμωρεῖν τινας ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] τινα) Id.OT107.<br><b class="num">b. </b>in Philosophic writers, τις is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, ὁ τὶς ἄνθρωπος the individual man (whoever he may be), this or that man, opp. ἄνθρωπος (man in general), ὁ τὶς ἵππος, ἡ τὶς γραμμτική, Arist.Cat.1b4, 8; τὸ τὶ μέγεθος, opp. ὅλως τὸ μέγεθος, Id.Pol.1283a4, cf. S.E.P.2.223; but in ἑνὸς γὰρ τό γε τὶ φήσεις σημεῖον εἶναι Pl.Sph.237d, the Art. is used as in ll.cc. s.v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, B 1.5: later ὅ τις (or ὁ τὶς) much like ὁ δεῖνα, δεῦρο ὅ τις θεός, ὄφθητί μοι in a general formula of invocation, PMag.Par.1.236; αἴρω δε, ἥ τις βοτάνη ib. 287; εἰς τήν τινα κρείαν (leg. χρείαν) ib. 289.<br><b class="num">c. </b>freq. in opposed clauses, ὁ μέν τις .., ὁ δὲ .. E.Med.1141, Hec.624, Pl.Phd.99b, etc.; ὁ μέν τις .., ἄλλος δὲ .. E.IT1407; ὁ μὲν .., ὁ δέ τις .. X.Cyr.1.4.15: pl., οἱ μέν τινες .., οἱ δὲ .. Hdt.1.127, cf. Th.2.91; οἱ μέν τινες .., οἱ δὲ .., οἱ δέ τινες X.Cyr.3.2.10, etc.; οἱ μὲν .., οἱ δέ τινες .. ib. 1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words, ὁ μέν τις .., ὁ δέτις .., ἕτερος δέ τις .. Id.Smp.2.6; ὁ μὲν .., ἕτερος δέ τις .., ὁ δὲ .., etc., Ar.Pl.162 sq.: also in neut., τὸ μέν τι .., τὸ δέ τι .. Pl.Ep.358a; τὸ μέν τι .., τὸ δὲ .. Hdt.3.40; in adverb. sense, τὸ μὲν .., τὸ δέ τι .. partly .., partly .., Plb.1.73.4; and τι remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl., τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι X.An.4.1.14, cf. HG7.146; also τὸ δέ τι .. but in some measure .., without τὸ μέν preceding, Th.1.107, cf. 118, 7.48.<br><b class="num">d. </b>later τις is used as in b supr. but without the Art., γράψον .. ὅτι τι καί τι εἴληφας that you have received such and such things, POxy.937.22 (iii A.D.); κληρονόμους καταλείπω τὴν θυγατέρα μού τινα καὶ τὸν σύντροφον αὐτῆς τινα καί τινα ib. 1034.2 (ii A.D.); τίς τινι χαίρειν A to B greeting (in a draft letter), ib. 509 (ii A.D.).<br><b class="num">11. </b>the neut. τι is used,<br><b class="num">a. </b>collectively, ἦν τι καὶ ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσαις there was a party .., Th.7.48; so perh. τῶν ἄλλων οὔ πέρ τι πεφυγμἔνον ἐστʼ Ἀφροδίτην, οὔτε θεῦν, οὔτʼ ἀνθρώπων no class, h.Ven.34 (but masc. τις in h.Merc.143).<br><b class="num">b. </b>euphemism for something bad, v. supr. 3.<br><b class="num">c. </b>joined with Verbs, somewhat, in any degree, at all, ἦ ῥά τί μοι κεχολώσεαι Il.5.421; παρεθάρρυνέ τι αὐτούς X.HG6.4.7, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, οὕτω δή τι ἰσχυραί, οὕτω δή τι πολύγονον, etc., Hdt.3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so also ὀλίγον τι ἧσσον Od.15.365; οὐδέ τι μᾶλλον Hdt.6.123, etc.; ἧσσόν τι Th.3.75, etc.; οὐ πάνυ τι, πολύ τι, σχεδόν τι, v. πάνυ I. 3, πολύς III. 1a, 2a, σχεδόν IV; also in conjunction with οὐδέν, μηδέν, οὐδέν τι πάντως Hdt.6.3; οὐδέν, μηδέν τι μᾶλλον, E.Alc.522, S.Aj.280; μηδέν τι λίαν E.Andr.1234:—also καί τι καὶ .. ὑποψίᾳ in part also from suspicion, Th.1.107; καί πού τι καί Pi.O.1.28.<br><b class="num">d. </b>after neg. τί ποτε anything at all, οὐ δύνομαι (sic) τί ποτε πρᾶξαι SB9616r6 (vi A.D.).<br><b class="num">12. </b>τίς τε freq. in Hom., ὡς ὅτε τίς τε Il.3.33, 4.141, v. τε B.<br><b class="num">13. </b>ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.3.14, X.Cyr.7.5.45, D.C.47.5, 48.4; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap.17b; ἢ οὐδεὶς ἤ τις D.C.41.62 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]).<br><b class="num">14. </b>τις is pleonast. in such phrases as οὐδέν τι or μηδέν τι, v. supr. 11c.<br><b class="num">b. </b>repeated in successive clauses, ὅσα λέγει τις ἢ πράσσειτις ἢ ψέγειν ἔχει S.Ant.689; εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλέους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται Id.Tr.944 (where however κἄτι πλείους is prob. cj.), cf. E.Or.1218 (whereas τις is sts. omitted in the first clause, οὔτε φωνὴν οὔτε του μορφὴν βροτῶν A.Pr.21, cf. S.Tr.3): but in E.Andr.734, ἔστι γάρ τις οὐ πρόσω .. πόλις τις, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in A.Supp.57 sq. (lyr., s.v.l.).<br><b class="num">15. </b>τις is sts. omitted, οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο (sc. τις) Il.13.287; ὡς δʼ ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται (sc. τις) φεύγοντα διώκειν 22.199, cf. S.OC1226 (lyr.), Leg.Gort.2.2, X.Smp.5.2, Pl.Grg.456d: τις must often be supplied from what goes before, ib. 478c, Prt.319d.<br><b class="num">b. </b>sts. also τις is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, as ἢ [τις] τᾶς ἀσώτου Σισυφιδᾶν γενεᾶς S.Aj.189 (lyr.); ἢν γαμῇ ποτʼ αὐτὸς ἢ [τις] τῶν ξυγγενῶν Ar.Nu.1128; ἐν τῶν πόλεων IG12.56.14.—Cf. ὅστις, οὔτις, μήτις, ἄλλο τι.<br><b class="num">III. </b>Accentuation and position of τις:<br><b class="num">1. </b>accentuation: τις is normally enclitic, but in certin uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (τίς, τινά, τινές, τινῶν, etc., cf. Choerob.in Theod.1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word (τὶς or τις, τινὰ, τινὲς, τινῶν, etc.). According to Sch.D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is τίς (not τὶς), τίνα, τίνες, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.:<br><b class="num">a. </b>at the beginning of a sentence, τίς ἔνδον ..; is any one within? A.Ch.654 (τὶς cj. Heramnn); τί φημι; = λέγω τι; am I saying anything? S.Tr.865, OT1471; ‹τίς ἦλθε;› ἦλθέ τις has anybody come? Somebody has come Sch.D.T. [[l.c.]]; τὶς κάθηται, τὶς περιπατεῖ, so and so is sitting (walking), S.E.M.8.97; τὶς αἰπόλος καλούμενος Κομάτας Sch.Theoc.7.78; τίς ποτε οἰκοδεσπότης .. ἐκοπία Aesop. in Gloss.iiip.41; or after a pause, πῶς γὰρ ἄν, ἔφην ἐγώ, ὦ βέλτιστε, τὶς ἀποκρίναιτο Pl.R.337e; τί οὖν (τὶς ἂν εἴποι) ταῦτα λέγεις; D.1.14 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); ἔντοσθεν δὲ γυνά, τι θεῶν δαίδαλμα Theoc.1.32; οὐ γυμνὸν τὸ φίλαμα, τι δʼ ὦ ξένε καὶ πλέον ἑξεῖς Mosch.1.5 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for τὺ).<br><b class="num">b. </b>when τις is opp. to another τις or to some other word, τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει, τισὶ δʼ οὐ συμφέρει Arist.Pol.1284b40, cf. Th.2.92, Pl.Cri.49a, D.9.2; τινὲς μὲν οὐν .., ἡμεῖς δὲ .. Sor.1.1; τὸ τὶ μὲν ψεῦδος ἔχον, τὶ δὲ ἀληθές S.E.M.8.127; ἀλλὰ τινὰ μὲν .., τινὰ δὲ .. Gem.14.6; ποτὲ μὲν πρὸς πάντα, ποτὲ δὲ πρὸς τινά Sor.1.48: without such opposition, τοῦτʼ εἰς ἀνίαν τοὔπος ἔρχεται τινί for a certain person, S.Aj.1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf.11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence, πάντα δὲ τὰ γιγνόμενα ὑπό τέ τινος γίγνετα καὶ ἔκ τινος καὶ τί Arist.Metaph.1032a14, cf. Pl.Chrm.65c.<br><b class="num">2. </b>position: a τις is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. III. 1a, b); it may stand second word, ἔσκε τις ἐνθάδε μάντις ἀνήρ Od.9.508, cf. Il.8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense, ἀλλʼ ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν 1.62; φυλακὴ δέ τις ἔμπεδος ἔστω 8.521.<br><b class="num">b. </b>in Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive, τῶν τις Περσέων Hdt.1.85; τῶν τις ἱρέων Id.2.38; τῶν τινες Φοινίκων Id.8.90; ἐς τῶν τι ἄλλο στομάτων τοῦ Νείλου Id.2.179; so also in late Prose, Ath.3.108d, Eust.1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1.<br><b class="num">c. </b>it stands between the Art. and Subst. in signf.11.10b.<br><b class="num">d. </b>τίς τι is the correct order, not τί τις, IG12.11.46, Th.7.10, X.An.4.1.14 (codd. dett.), D.22.22, etc.<br><b class="num">e. </b>whereas in Att. the order ἐάν τις is compulsory, in Dor. the usual order is αἴ τίς κα, Leg.Gort.9.43, al., Tab.Heracl.1.15, al. (but αἴ κά τις Epich.35, 159; αἰ δέ κα μή τις Leg.Gort.5.13): later Dor. εἴ τί κα GDI2101.3, al.; καἴ τι ἂν (= καὶ εἴ τι ἂν) IG5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., v. infr. B. II. 1b):—this Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rare εἴ τις ἂν Plu.TG15.<br><b class="num">B. </b>Interrog. Pron. τίς, Elean and Lacon. τίρ (q.v.), τί:—gen. Ep. and Ion. τέο Il.2.225, Herod.8.1, etc., or τεῦ Od.15.509, Hdt.5.106, etc.; Trag. and Att. τοῦ A.Pr.614, Ar.Nu.1223, etc.; Ion., Trag., and Att. τίνος Simon.154, Hdt.6.80, A.Pr.563 (anap.), S.Aj.892, Ar.Ach.588, etc.; dat. Ion. τέῳ Hdt.1.11, al. (as fem., 4.155); no dat. in Hom. or Hes.; Trag. and Att. τῷ S.Ant.401, D.19.60, etc.; Aeol. τίῳ Sapph.104; τίνι first in Pi.N.7.57, (but prob. in h.Cer.404) A.Pers.715 (troch.). S.OT10, Ar.Ach.919, Hdt.3.38, Th.1.80, D.20.115, etc.; acc. τίνα Il.5.703, etc.; neut. τί 1.362, etc.: dual τίνε (elided) Ar.Av.107: pl., nom. τίνες Od.1.172, etc.; neut. τίνα Pl.Phd.102a, Aeschin.2.81, Hipparch.1.1.4, Gem.17.12, Ep.Hebr.5.12; gen. Ep. τέων Il.24.387, Od.20.192, and as monosyll. 6.119, 13.200; Trag. and Att. τίνων S.El.1476, OC2, Ar.Nu.1089, etc.; dat. τίσι first in S.OT1126, Ar.Ra.1455, Pl.R.332d, etc. (no dat. in Hom. or Hes.); also τοῖσι S.Tr.984 (anap.); Ion. τέοισι Hdt.1.37, cf. 2.82 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ὁτέοισι); Aeol. τίοισι Sapph.168; acc. τίνας S.OC115, Ar.Av.370 (troch.); neut. τίνα Arr.Epict.1.30.3; Boeot. τά Pi.O.1.82 (Adv.); Megar. σά Ar.Ach.757, 784 (Adv.): of the pl. Hom. uses only nom. τίνες with gen. τέων; ποῖος (what? which?) is sts. preferred (esp. in neut. pl.) to the Adj. τίς e.g. τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα χρήματα; Ar.Nu.1270, cf. 1337, Th.621, Pl.Cra.391e, 395d, 406d; v. ποῖος I. 3 and IV:<br><b class="num">I. </b>in direct questions, who? which? neut. what? which? ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; Od.9.252; τι νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται; 5.299; τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε; 17.446; τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μʼ ἀφεγγής; A.Pr.115 (lyr.), cf. 561 (anap.), etc.; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied,<br><b class="num">a. </b>for grammatical reasons, as between the Art. and part. or noun, τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσιν; X.Mem.2.2.1, cf. Pl.Smp.206b; τῆς περὶ τί πειθοῦς ἡ ῥητορική ἐστιν τέχνη; Id.Grg.454a; ὁ σοφιστὴς τῶν τί σοφῶν ἐστιν; Id.Prt.312d.<br><b class="num">b. </b>for emphasis, ἃ δʼ ἐννέπεις, κλύουσα τοῦ λέγεις; S.OC412, cf. El.1191; πόλις τε ἀφισταμένη τίς πω .. τούτῳ ἐπεχείρησε; Th.3.45; esp. when the Verb begins the sentence, δράσεις δὲ δὴ τί; E.HF1246; ἦλθες δὲ κατὰ τί; Ar.Nu.239; διαφέρει δὲ τί; D.18.205.—The person freq. follows in gen. pl., as τίς θεῶν; Il.18.182, etc.; and of things or conditions, τί is freq. with the genit. sg., of all genders, πρὸς τί χρείας; S.OT1174; ἐλπίδων ἐς τί; Id.OC1749 codd. (lyr.); κἀνήρετʼ ἐν τῷ πράγματος κυροῖ ποτε Id.Aj.314, etc.<br><b class="num">2. </b>sts. as the predicate, τίς ὀνομάζεται; what is he named? E.Ph.123; so also may be expld. the union of τίς with a demonstr. or possess. Pron., or with a Noun preceded by the Art., τί τοῦτʼ ἔλεξας; S.Ph.1173 (lyr.); τί ἐστι τουτί τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τάγματος; Id.Ichn.114; also with Pron. in pl., τί ταῦτα; E.Ph.382, Andr.548, etc.; τί γὰρ τάδʼ ἐστίν; Ar.Nu.200; τί ποτʼ ἐστίν, ἃ διανοούμεθα; Pl.Tht.154e; τί ποτʼ ἐστὶ ταῦτα; ib. 155c; σκεπτέον τί τὰ συμβαίνοντα Id.Grg.508b; so τί is used a predicate of a masc. or fem. subject, τί νιν προσείπω; A.Ch.983(997); τί σοι φαίνεται ὁ νεανίσκος; Pl.Chrm.154d:—also τίς δʼ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this that follows N.? Od.6.276; τίς δʼ οὗτος ἔρχεαι; Il.10.82, cf. Alc.84.1, S.El.328, 388, Ant.7, 218, E.Hec.501, Pl.Cri.43c; and in the revere order, τήνδε τίνα λεύσσω ..; who is this I see? E.IA821; τίνι οὖν τοιούτῳ φίλους ἂν θηρῴην; with what means of such kind ..? X.Mem.3.11.9; τί τοσοῦτον νομίζοντες ἠδικῆσθαι; Id.Smp.4.53; τί με τὸ δεινὸν ἐργάσῃ; what is the dreadful thing which ..? E.Ba.492, cf. S.OC598, 1488, etc.; τίνʼ ὄψιν σὴν προσδέρκομαι; what face is this I see of thine? E.Hel.557; παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ὑμᾶς; who are ‘you’ to whom [I am to come]? Pl.Ly.203b:—the Art. is exceptionally added to τίς, when it lead up to a word which requires the Art., ληφθήσει .. Πανήμου εἰκάδι· καὶ Λῴου τῇ—τίνι; τῇ δεκάτῃ on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the—what day? the tenth, Call.Epigr.46:—in Com. also τὸ τί; what is that? Ar.Nu.775, Pax696, Av.1039, Pl.902, etc.; τοῦ τίνος χάριν; UPZ6.29 (ii B.C.); and with pl. Art., τὰ τί; Ar.Pax693.<br><b class="num">3. </b>with prop. names treated as appellatives (v. τις indef. II 6 b), τίς ἆρα Κύπρις ἢ τίς Ἵμερος; S.Fr.874; τίς δε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξε; Eub.43; τίς .. Χίμαιρα πύρπνοος; Anaxil.22.3.<br><b class="num">4. </b>τίς ἂν θεῶν .. δοίη; like πῶς ἄν, would that some one .., S.OC1100, cf. A.Ag.1448 (lyr.).<br><b class="num">5. </b>a question with τίς often amounts to a strong negation, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τίς κεν οὐνόματʼ εἴποι; Il.17.260; τίς ἂν ἐξεύροι ποτʼ ἄμεινον; Ar.Pl.498; τίνες ἂν δικαιότερον .. μισοῖντο; Th.3.64, etc.<br><b class="num">6. </b>sts. two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of τίς; ἡ τίσιν τί ἀποδιδοῦσα τέχνη δικαιοσύνη ἂν καλοῖτο; Pl.R.332d; τί λαβόντα τί δεῖ ποιεῖν D.4.36:—a like doubling of the question lies in the union of τίς with other interrog. words, τίς πόθεν εἰς (εἶς codd.) ἀνδρῶν; Od.1.170, cf. S.Tr.421.<br><b class="num">7. </b>τίς with Particles:—τίς γάρ; why who? who possibly? τίς γάρ σε θεῶν .. ἧκεν; Il.18.182; v. infr. 8f.<br><b class="num">b. </b>τίς δέ; ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δʼ ὔμμιν .. πωλεῖται; h.Ap.169.<br><b class="num">c. </b>τίς δή; who then? τίς δή κεν βροτὸς .. ἅζοιτʼ ἀθανάτους Thgn.747; τίς δῆτα; S.Aj.518.<br><b class="num">d. </b>τίς ποτε; who in the world? who ever? τίς ποτʼ ὢν γενεὰν καὶ ποίαν τινὰ φύσιν ἔχων; X.Cyr.1.1.6, cf. S.El.975; τίς δήποτε; Id.Fr.106 (but τίς ἄν ποτε is prob. cj.).<br><b class="num">8. </b>the usages of the neut. τί; are very various:<br><b class="num">a. </b>τί; alone, as a simple question, what? τί γάρ; A.Th.336 (lyr.):—on ὅτι τί; ὅτι τί δή; ὅτι δὴ τί; v. ὅτι B. I b; on ὡς τί; v. ὡς F. I.<br><b class="num">b. </b>τί τοῦτο; τί ταῦτα; v. supr. 2.<br><b class="num">c. </b>τί μοι; τί σοι; what is it to me? to thee? S.Ph.753, etc. w. inf., AP5.178.2 (Mel.); c. gen., τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς; what have I to do with ..? Il.21.360; τί δέ σοι ταῦτα; Ar.Lys.514, cf. Ec.521 (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, ὅ τί μοι τοῦτʼ ἔστιν;); ἀλλά δὴ τί τοῦτʼ ἐμοί; Diph.32.18; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; what have I to do with thee? LXXJd.11.12, Arr.Epict.2.19.19, Ev.Jo.2.4; τί σοὶ καὶ εἰρήνῃ; LXX4Ki.9.18, cf. Ho.14.9; τί πρὸς σέ; M.Ant.8.44, cf. Ev.Matt.27.4; σοὶ δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τοῖσι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; what have you to do with these matters? Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36:—followed by a clause, τί δὲ τιν, εἰ κωτίλαι εἰμές; Theoc.15.89; or with inf., τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔχω κρίνειν; 1Ep.Cor.5.12:—v. εἰμί C. III. 2.<br><b class="num">d. </b>τίμαθών; τί παθών; v. μανθάνω V, πάσχω III. 4.<br><b class="num">e. </b>τί; also often stands abs. as adverb how? why? wherefore? Il.1.362, etc.; so too in Att., Pl.Cri.43c, etc.; δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Answ. τί ζῶσιν; how do you mean ζῶσι? ζῶσι forsooth! E.Alc.806; Κιθαιρὼν—Answ. τί Κιθαιρών; what about K.? Id.Ba.1177 codd., cf. 1182 (both lyr.); cf. τίη.<br><b class="num">f. </b>τί with Particles:—τί γάρ; why not? how else? and so it came to mean of course, no doubt, A.Ag.1239, Ch.880, Eu.678, etc.; used in affirmative answers, Pl.Phdr.258d, Tht.209b, al.; to introduce an argument, Arist.Pol.1281a14; v. γάρ I. 4:—τί δαί; v. δαί:—τί δέ; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, Pl.Hp.Ma.288c, al.; τί δέ, εἰ ..; but what, if ..? E.Hel.1043; τί δʼ ἄν, εἰ ..; Ar.Th.773; τί δʼ ἢν ..; Id.Nu.1444; τί δέ, εἰ μὴ ..; what else but ..? X.Oec.9.1, cf. S.OT941, Ph.421; so τί δὲ δή; τί δή; τί δή ποτε; why ever? why in the world? what do you mean? Pl.R.470e, Grg.469a, Sph.241d, S.El.1184:—so also τί δῆτα; how, pray? τί δῆτʼ ἄν, εἰ ..; Ar.Nu.154:—(τί μή; [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in S.Aj.668):—τί μήν; i.e. yes certainly, much like τί γάρ; Pl.Tht.16e, etc., prob. in S.Aj.668:—τί μὴν οὔ; in reply to a question, Id.El.1280 (lyr.):—τί νυ; why now? Il.1.414, etc.:—τί δʼ οὔ; parenthetic, why not? as an affirmative answer, S.Ant.460; τί οὐ καλοῦμεν; i.e. let us call, Ar.Lys.1103; τί οὐ βαδίζομεν; etc. Pl.Prt.310e, etc.:—τί οὖν; how so? making an objection, A.Th.208; but τι οὖν ἔτʼ ἂν σαίνοιμεν .. μόρον; ib. 704; τί οὖν οὐκ ἐρωτᾷς; Pl.Ly.211d:—τί ποτε; v. τίπτε;<br><b class="num">g. </b>with Conjunctions following:—τί ὅτι ..; why is it that ..? Stratt.62 (f.l.), LXXGe.3.1, Ev.Luc.2.49, etc.:—with Conjunctions preceding, ἵνα τί; v. ἵνα B. II. 3c.<br><b class="num">h. </b>with Preps.:—διὰ τί; wherefore? Ar.Pl.1111, etc.:—ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? X.An.5.8.4:—ἐς τί; to what point? how long? Il.5.465; but also, to what end? S.Tr.43, cf. OC524 (lyr.):—κατὰ τί; for what purpose? Ar.Nu.239:—πρὸς τί; wherefore? S.OT766, 1027, etc.<br><b class="num">II.</b> τίς is sts. used for ὅστις in indirect questions, εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Od.15.423, cf. 17.368; δεῖζον τίς ἔσται τῇ ταλαιπώρῳ χρόνος A.Pr.623; οὐδʼ ἔχω τίς ἂν γενοίμαν ib. 905 (lyr.); οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Id.Ch.91, cf. S.OC48, etc.; ἐπισκεψώμεσα τίνες πέπανται σφενδόνας X.An.3.3.18; εἰπὲ τίνα γνώμην ἔχεις ib. 2.2.10; freq. in later Gr., where ὅστις is very rare, εἰς τὸ λογιστήριονγράφων .. τίὀφείλεται PHib.1.29.42 (iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen.21.40, al. (iii B.C.); οὐθεὶς ἐσήμηνεν παρὰ τί ἂν τοῖς προστεταγμένοις .. οῦ κατηκολούθησαν nobody indicated why they should not have obeyed orders, PTeb.72.160, cf. 61 (b).227 (ii B.C.); ὅστις and τίς are sts. combined, ὡς πύθοιθʼ ὅ τι δρῶν ἢ τί φωνῶν ῥυσαίμην S.OT71, cf. A.Pr.489 sq., 617, 623:—later with inf., τί πράττειν οὐκ ἔχω I do not know what to do, Aesop.67, cf. Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.29; SEG31.1003 (Lydia, A.D. 84/5).<br><b class="num">b. </b>sts. not in indirect questions, whoever, whatever, αἰτοῦ τί χρῄζεις ἕν E.Fr.773.2; ταῦτα οὐκ ἀπέστελλον πάντα, ἀλλʼ ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο whatever things had risen in price, D.56.24; τίνα δʼ ἁ Κύπρις οὐκ ἐφίληθεν whomsoever K. has not loved, AP5.169 (Noss.); τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω Antiochusap.Ptol.Euerg.3 J.; λαμβανέτω τί θέλει AP12.219 (Strat.); τὰν ὀνάλαν κίς κε γινύειτει IG9(2).517.22 (Larissa, iii B.C.); καὶ τί ἂν εἶ (= ᾖ) λοιπόν ib. 5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C.), nisi leg. καἴ τι ἂν, v. supr. A. III. 2e; τίς ἂν δὲ χεῖρ προσαγάγῃ Epigr.Gr.376a (Aezani); τίς σοφός, αὐτῷ προσκολλήθητι LXXSi.6.34; οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ Ev.Marc.14.36; τίς σοφίῃ πάντων πρῶτος, τούτου τρίποδʼ αὐδῶ Orac.ap.D.S.9.3 et ap. D.L.1.28 codd. (ὃς Cobet from Sch.Ar.Pl.9); χαῖρε καὶ σύ, τίς ποτʼ εἶ IG9(2).953 (Larissa), cf. CIG1982 (Thessalonica); in other places, as S.El.1176, Tr.339, OT1144, E.Ion324, this constr. cannot be admitted.<br><b class="num">c. </b>τίς = ὅστις after a neg., μή τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ .., τινος ἡ διάνοια ἐξέκλινεν κτλ.; LXXDe.29.18.<br><b class="num">d. </b>= ὅς or ὅσπερ, τέων .. Ζεὺς ἐπὶ σαλπίγγων ἱρὰ βοῇ δέχεται Κᾶρες ὁμοῦ Λελέγεσσι Call.Aet.3.1.60, cf. Del.185, Epigr.30.2, Nic.Al.2; Δωροθέαν, τίς τὸν ἐμὸν ἄνδρα εἶχε Tab.Defix.Aud.10.4 (Cnidus, ii/i B.C.), cf. 5.2, 8; τίνας ἱερεωσύνας εἶχον ἐπενεγύων SIG705.43, cf. 56 (Senatus consultum, Delph., ii B.C.); τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ Act.Ap.13.25; τίς ἔζησεν ἔτη β ́ who lived .., IG14.1560 (Rome), cf. 1391 (ibid.); εὗρον γεωργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἐλκύσῃ BGU822.5 (ii/iii A.D.)<br><b class="num">2. </b>τίς; τί; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a part., σὺ δὲ τίς ὢν ταῦτα λέγεις; being who, i.e. who are you that ..? Pl.Grg.452a; ἐπειρέσθαι .. τίνες ἐόντες ἄνθρωποι .. ταῦτα προαγορεύουσι Hdt.1.153; καταμεμάθηκας .. τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσι; X.Mem.2.2.1; or in a subordinate clause, ἀλλʼ ὅταν τί ποιήσωσι, νομιεῖς αὐτοὺς σοῦ φροντίζειν; ib. 1.4.14; νῦν δʼ ἐπειδὴ τίνος τέχνης ἐπιστήμων ἐστί, τίνα ἂν καλοῦντες αὐτὸν ὀρθῶς καλοῖμεν; Pl.Grg.448c.<br><b class="num">III</b>. = πότερος; X.Cyr.1.3.17, Pl.Phlb.52d, Ev.Matt.27.21, Ev.Luc.5.23.<br><b class="num">IV.</b> τί as exclamatory Adv., how ..! τί ὡραιώθησαν σιαγόνες σου ὡς τρυγόνες LXXCa.1.10, cf. 4.10; τί θέλω how I wish! Ev.Luc.12.49; τὶ στενή [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Ev.Matt.7.14.<br><b class="num">C. </b>Prosody: τις and τίς keep ῐ in all cases (digamma operates in Il.6.462, etc.).<br><b class="num">II.</b> τί was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after τί in Ep. τί ἢ (v. τίη), also in Com., as τί οὐ; Ar.Av.149; τί οὖν; Id.Pl.94; τί ἔστι; Id.Nu.82, Av.1036; τί, ὦ πάτερ; Id.Nu.80:—a licence which is rarer in Trag., τί ἔστιν; S.Ph.733; τί οὖν; A.Th.208, 704, Eu.902, S.Aj.873 (lyr.), Ph.100, etc.; τί εἶπας; Id.Tr.1203, Ph.917.