κόπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Od.18.28</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> κόψω <span class="bibl">Hippon.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>64</span>, etc.: aor. [[ἔκοψα]], Ep. κόψα <span class="bibl">Il.13.203</span>: pf. [[κέκοφα]] ([[ἐκκόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.37</span>, ([[περικόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">Lys.14.42</span>, ([[συγκόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>169b</span>; Ep. part. [[κεκοπώς]] <span class="bibl">Il.13.60</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[κεκοφώς]], [[κεκοπών]]), <span class="bibl">Od.18.335</span>:—Med., fut. κόψομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ez.</span>6.9</span>: aor. ἐκοψάμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.166</span>:—Pass., fut. [[κεκόψομαι]] ([[ἀποκόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1125</span>, ([[ἐκκόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1223</span>, ([[κατακόπτω]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.16</span>, κοπήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Je.</span>8.2</span>, Gal.13.759: aor. ἐκόπην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1278</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>723</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.13</span>: pf. κέκομμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>683</span>:— [[cut]], [[strike]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[smite]], ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι <span class="bibl">Od.18.335</span>: c. dupl. acc., <b class="b3">κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον</b> smote him on the [[cheek]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.690</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[smite]] with [[weapon]]s, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον <span class="bibl">Od.8.528</span>; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.113</span>: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν <span class="title">AP</span>11.335. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[smite]], [[slaughter]] an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός <span class="bibl">Il.17.521</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.14.425</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.6</span>; in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1278</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>635</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>838</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[cut off]], [[chop off]], κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.203</span>; χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον <span class="bibl">Od.22.477</span>; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.6.26</span>; <b class="b3">κ. δένδρα</b> [[cut down]] or [[fell]] [[tree]]s, <span class="bibl">Th.2.75</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>5.2.39</span>,<span class="bibl">43</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὴν χώραν</b> [[lay]] it [[waste]], ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.26</span>, <span class="bibl">4.6.5</span>:—in Pass., of ships, to [[be shattered]], [[be disabled]] by the [[enemy]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.14</span>,<span class="bibl">8.13</span>:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>479</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα</b> [[prevent]]ing, <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.28</span>; [<b class="b3">πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον</b> being [[suddenly]] [[stop]]ped, [[arrest]]ed, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>367a10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[strike]], [[beat]] a [[horse]], to make him go [[faster]], κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ <span class="bibl">Il.10.513</span>; also <b class="b3">σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω</b> (sc. [[Αἴαντε]]) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος <span class="bibl">13.60</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[hammer]], [[forge]], κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς <span class="bibl">18.379</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.274</span>; later, [[stamp]] metal, i.e. [[coin]] [[money]], κ. νόμισμα <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), <span class="bibl">Xenoph.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.56</span>:—Med., [[coin oneself]] [[money]], [[order to be coined]], κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα <span class="bibl">Id.1.94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.166</span>:—Pass., of [[money]], to [[be stamped]] or [[be coined]], [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>723</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">726</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[knock]] or [[rap at]], τὴν θύραν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>132</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1097</span>, <span class="bibl">And. 1.41</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>538</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Vit.</span>p.30</span> J., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>8</span>, etc.; without <b class="b3">θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>976</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[pound]], [[bray]] in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.71</span>; <b class="b3">ἀσταφίδα κεκ</b>. <span class="bibl">Alex.127.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλαιον κεκ</b>., i.e. [[pure]] [[oil]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>5.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> [[knock]], [[dash about]], τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>60b</span>; κόνις… κοπτομένη… ὑφ' ἅρμασι <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>63</span>; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> of birds, [[peck]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>609b5</span>; ὁ [[ἁλιάετος]]… τὰ λιμναῖα κ. = [[prey]]s on the [[lagoon]] [[life]], ib.<span class="bibl">593b24</span>; <b class="b3">σπειρὴν κ</b>. [[peck]] at, <span class="bibl">Arat.449</span>; of fish, [[gnaw]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 620b17</span>; of a [[snake]], [[strike]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.204</span>:—Pass., of wood or seeds, to [[be worm-eaten]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.18.5</span>, <span class="bibl">8.11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[munch]], [[masticate]], dub. in <span class="bibl">Chionid.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">11</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην</b> [[jar]]s his [[rider]] by his [[pace]]s, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.4</span>:—Pass., ib.<span class="bibl">8.7</span>, Hp.Aër.21. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">12</span> <b class="b3">κ. ὄνους</b> [[dress]], [[prepare]] [[millstone]]s for [[use]], <span class="bibl">Alex.13</span>; [[set]], [[sharpen]], <span class="bibl">Herod.6.84</span>:—Med., <span class="title">AP</span> 11.253 (Lucill.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">13</span> metaph., [[tire out]], [[weary]], μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alciphr.2.3</span>; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν... ἢ μὴ κόπτε με <span class="bibl">Hegesipp.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.20</span>; μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα <span class="bibl">Alex.173.12</span>; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>19</span>; κ. τὰ ὦτα <span class="bibl">Poll.6.119</span>; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>7</span>, cf. Moer.<span class="bibl">p.74</span> P.:—Pass., to [[be worn out]], κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις <span class="bibl">D.2.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Med. [[κόπτομαι]] = [[beat oneself]] or [[strike oneself]], [[beat one's breast]] or [[beat one's head]] through [[grief]], κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν <span class="bibl">Il.22.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>. [[δ]] (also Act. <b class="b3">τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν</b>; <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Her.</span>4</span>); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.58</span> (with [[μαχαίρῃσι]] added <span class="bibl">2.61</span>): abs., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>60b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>619c</span>: pf. Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 683</span>:—Act. c. acc. cogn., ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>423</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κόπτεσθαί τινα</b> [[mourn for]] any one, κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>8.52</span>; but also ἐπί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.7</span>, <span class="bibl">18.9</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt '[[chop]] small', '[[beat]]', '[[stamp]]', Lat. [[capo]] '[[capon]]', perhaps [[σκέπαρνον]].)</span>