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ἀνάγκη: Difference between revisions

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|Definition=Ion. and Ep. [[ἀναγκαίη]], ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[force]], [[constraint]], [[necessity]], κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.6.458</span>; <b class="b3">ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">85</span>; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν <span class="bibl">4.300</span>; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; <span class="bibl">5.633</span>; <b class="b3">οἷσιν ἀνάγκη</b> (sc. [[φυλάσσειν]]) <span class="bibl">10.418</span>, al.: but in Hom. usually in dat. as adverb, [[ἀνάγκῃ]] [[perforce]], [[of necessity]], ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Od.1.154</span>; φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.150</span>: in act. sense, [[forcibly]], [[by force]], [[ἴσχειν]], [[ἄγειν]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.557</span>, <span class="bibl">22.353</span>; μνήσασθαι <span class="bibl">7.217</span>: strengthened by [[καί]], <span class="bibl">10.434</span>; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">19.156</span>; opp. [[ἑκόντες]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.172</span>, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>47e</span>; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.51</span>; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>569</span> codd. (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>29.2</span>; κατ' ἀνάγκην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.7</span>: <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη ἐστί</b>, c. inf., [[it must be that]]... [[is necessary that]]... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>293</span>:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, <b class="b3">πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη</b>, or <b class="b3">πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη</b>, with which an inf. may always be supplied, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>396</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>295</span>; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1497</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>441d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">485e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.28.9</span>; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί <span class="bibl">Lys.6.8</span>: later <b class="b3">ἀνάγκην ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 14.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[necessity]] in the philosophical sense, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>94b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1026b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199b34</span>; [[logical]] [[necessity]], Metaph.<span class="bibl">1064b33</span>: in plural, [[law]]s of [[nature]], τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, cf. Hp.Aër.21. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[natural]] [[need]], γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>726</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1075</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>7.1</span>; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>458d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ</b>. ib., etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀνάγκη τοῦ τόπου</b> the [[lie]] of the [[ground]] as a [[necessary]] [[condition]], PLille4.14. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι</b>, [[fate]], [[destiny]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1000</span>, <span class="bibl">1763</span>: freq. personified in Poets, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.116</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>256</span>; [[ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται]] = [[but not even gods fight necessity]], <span class="bibl">Simon.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[compulsion]] exerted by a [[superior]], ἀνάγκην [[προστιθέναι]], ἀνάγκην [[ἐπιτιθέναι]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>9.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lac.</span>10.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[violence]], [[punishment]], especially of [[torture]], mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας [[ἄγεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.5</span>; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα</b> instruments of [[torture]], <span class="bibl">Plb.15.28.2</span>: later in sg., ἡ ἀνάγκη τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην [[under torture]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Publ.</span>17</span>: metaph., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">de Arte</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">δολοποιὸς ἀνάγκη</b>, i. e. the [[stratagem]] of [[Nessus]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>832</span>; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">Xenarch.1.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[duress]], '[[force majeure]]', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες <span class="bibl">Democr.239</span>; [[stress]] of [[circumstance]]s, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[treatment]] by [[mechanical]] [[force]], τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[bodily]] [[pain]], [[anguish]], [[κατ' ἀνάγκην]] [[ἕρπειν]] [[painfully]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>206</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">215</span>; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>89</span> (lyr.): generally, [[distress]], ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν <span class="bibl">Simon.226</span>; freq. in <span class="bibl">LXX, <span class="title">Jb.</span>15.24</span>, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>7.26</span>: especially in plural, <span class="title">IG</span>12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">D.S.4.43</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>6.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[tie of blood]], [[kindred]], <span class="bibl">Lys.32.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = ἡ δικαστικὴ [[κλεψύδρα]], Hsch.</span>
|Definition=Ion. and Ep. [[ἀναγκαίη]], ἡ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[force]], [[constraint]], [[necessity]], κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.6.458</span>; <b class="b3">ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">85</span>; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν <span class="bibl">4.300</span>; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; <span class="bibl">5.633</span>; <b class="b3">οἷσιν ἀνάγκη</b> (sc. [[φυλάσσειν]]) <span class="bibl">10.418</span>, al.: but in Hom. usually in dat. as adverb, [[ἀνάγκῃ]] [[perforce]], [[of necessity]], ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Od.1.154</span>; φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.150</span>: in act. sense, [[forcibly]], [[by force]], [[ἴσχειν]], [[ἄγειν]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.557</span>, <span class="bibl">22.353</span>; μνήσασθαι <span class="bibl">7.217</span>: strengthened by [[καί]], <span class="bibl">10.434</span>; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">19.156</span>; opp. [[ἑκόντες]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>231a</span>; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.172</span>, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>47e</span>; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.51</span>; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>569</span> codd. (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Epict.<span class="title">Ench.</span>29.2</span>; κατ' ἀνάγκην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.3.7</span>: <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη ἐστί</b>, c. inf., [[it must be that]]... [[is necessary that]]... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.22</span>; <b class="b3">τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>293</span>:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, <b class="b3">πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη</b>, or <b class="b3">πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη</b>, with which an inf. may always be supplied, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1013</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hec.</span>396</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>295</span>; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1497</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>441d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">485e</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">D.28.9</span>; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί <span class="bibl">Lys.6.8</span>: later <b class="b3">ἀνάγκην ἔχω</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span> 14.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[necessity]] in the philosophical sense, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>94b37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1026b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>199b34</span>; [[logical]] [[necessity]], Metaph.<span class="bibl">1064b33</span>: in plural, [[law]]s of [[nature]], τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>, cf. Hp.Aër.21. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[natural]] [[need]], γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>726</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1075</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>7.1</span>; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>458d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ</b>. ib., etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀνάγκη τοῦ τόπου</b> the [[lie]] of the [[ground]] as a [[necessary]] [[condition]], PLille4.14. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι</b>, [[fate]], [[destiny]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1000</span>, <span class="bibl">1763</span>: freq. personified in Poets, <span class="bibl">Parm.8.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Emp.116</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>105</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>256</span>; [[ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται]] = [[but not even gods fight necessity]], <span class="bibl">Simon.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[compulsion]] exerted by a [[superior]], ἀνάγκην [[προστιθέναι]], ἀνάγκην [[ἐπιτιθέναι]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>9.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lac.</span>10.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[violence]], [[punishment]], especially of [[torture]], mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας [[ἄγεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.5</span>; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα</b> instruments of [[torture]], <span class="bibl">Plb.15.28.2</span>: later in sg., ἡ ἀνάγκη τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην [[under torture]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Publ.</span>17</span>: metaph., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">de Arte</span>13</span>; <b class="b3">δολοποιὸς ἀνάγκη</b>, i. e. the [[stratagem]] of [[Nessus]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>832</span>; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις <span class="bibl">Xenarch.1.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[duress]], '[[force majeure]]', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες <span class="bibl">Democr.239</span>; [[stress]] of [[circumstance]]s, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[treatment]] by [[mechanical]] [[force]], τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>73</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[bodily]] [[pain]], [[anguish]], [[κατ' ἀνάγκην]] [[ἕρπειν]] [[painfully]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>206</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">215</span>; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>89</span> (lyr.): generally, [[distress]], ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν <span class="bibl">Simon.226</span>; freq. in <span class="bibl">LXX, <span class="title">Jb.</span>15.24</span>, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>7.26</span>: especially in plural, <span class="title">IG</span>12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">D.S.4.43</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>6.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[tie of blood]], [[kindred]], <span class="bibl">Lys.32.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> = ἡ δικαστικὴ [[κλεψύδρα]], Hsch.</span>
}}
{{DGE
|dgtxt=-ης, ἡ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> dór. -ᾱ Alcm.102, Simon.37.29; cret. ἀνάνκᾱ <i>ICr</i>.4.72.8.33 (Gortina V a.C.), tb. locr. <i>IG</i> 9<sup>2</sup>.718.8 (Calion VI/V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ-]<br /><b class="num">I</b> como fuerza personal ejercida por personas, divinidades o situaciones y de sus efectos<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. ref. a una presión o coacción física o de otro tipo [[fuerza]], [[coacción]], [[vigor]], [[imposición]] κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' [[ἀνάγκη]] caerá (sobre tí) una poderosa coacción (la de la esclavitud)</i> <i>Il</i>.6.458<br /><b class="num">•</b>ὑπ' ἁνάγκης por imposición</i>, a la fuerza</i>, <i>Od</i>.2.110, Hes.<i>Op</i>.15, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49a, Pl.<i>Phdr</i>.231a, αἴ κα hυπ' ἀνάνκας ἀπελάονται <i>IG</i> [[l.c.]], ὑπ' ἀνάγκας <i>ICr</i>.4.72.6.47 (Gortina V a.C.), <i>ICr</i>.2.5.9.5 (Axos), χάριν ἀνάγκης Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49b, ἐξ ἀνάγκης por imposición</i>, por coacción</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.73, Th.3.40, δι' ἀνάγκης necesariamente</i> Pl.<i>Ti</i>.47e, κατ' ἀνάγκην irremisiblemente</i> Plb.1.23.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en dat. ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ νηῶν ἠμύνοντο por apesadumbrados que estuvieran, se vieron forzados a defender las naves</i>, <i>Il</i>.12.178, cf. <i>h.Cer</i>.147, reforzado por καί: ἀκούσονται καὶ ἀνάγκῃ <i>Il</i>.15.199<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[a la fuerza]], [[contra su voluntad]] ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.1.154, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ ἴσχει la cual lo retiene a la fuerza</i>, <i>Od</i>.4.557, cf. <i>Il</i>.16.305, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49c, ἐπὶ νῆας ἄγον ... ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.9.98, cf. 22.353, βίῃ δ' ἀέκουσαν ἀνάγκῃ ... ἀπήγαγον <i>h.Cer</i>.124, cf. 72, μνήσασθαι ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.7.217, σύν τ' ἀνάγκῃ σύν τ' ἐνιπῇσιν a la fuerza y a gritos</i> Semon.8.44, ἀνάγκαι δὲ με̄́ <i>ICr</i>.4.72.8.33 (Gortina V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. valor gener. ἀνάγκην προστιθέναι aplicar la fuerza</i> X.<i>Hier</i>.9.4, ἐπιτιθέναι X.<i>Lac</i>.10.7<br /><b class="num">•</b>por parte de los dioses [[imposición]], [[necesidad impuesta]] εἰς ἀνάγκην δαιμόνων ἀφιγμένοι E.<i>Ph</i>.1000, τὰς ... ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκας E.<i>Ph</i>.1763.<br /><b class="num">2</b> desde el punto de vista del sujeto que sufre [[necesidad]] θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ domando dentro del pecho nuestra ira por necesidad</i>, <i>Il</i>.18.113, 19.66, c. dat. y prep. σὺν δ' ἀνάγκᾳ νιν φίλον καί τις ἐὼν μεγαλάνωρ ἔσανεν aun un hombre altanero cede a la necesidad de adularlo como amigo</i> Pi.<i>P</i>.1.51<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. dat. οἷσιν [[ἀνάγκη]] para quienes es necesario</i>, <i>Il</i>.10.418<br /><b class="num">•</b>en or. nominal pura [[εἴπερ]] [[ἀνάγκη]] [[si es necesario]], [[si es preciso]], <i>Il</i>.24.667, πολλή γ' [[ἀνάγκη]] es muy necesario</i> E.<i>Hec</i>.396<br /><b class="num">•</b>con o sin cópula πολλή 'στ' [[ἀνάγκη]] S.<i>Tr</i>.295, ἧ πᾶσ' [[ἀνάγκη]] ... ἰδεῖν ...; S.<i>El</i>.1497, ὑμῖν ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστὶ βουλεύσασθαι Lys.6.8, cf. X.<i>Cyr</i>.1.4.12, [[ἀνάγκη]] ... ἐγένετο αὐτῷ X.<i>Mem</i>.4.8.2, cf. <i>Cyr</i>.1.6.41<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. inf. ἀπορεῖν [[ἀνάγκη]] τῷ λόγῳ Gorg.B 11a.4, cf. 6, [[ἀνάγκη]] δὴ λέγειν Thrasym.B 1, ἀνάγκην ... ἔχομεν e inf., D.Chr.31.105, <i>Eu.Luc</i>.14.18.<br /><b class="num">3</b> id. c. un matiz social o moral [[necesidad]], [[obligación]], [[deber]] αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν [[εἶμι]]· κρατερὴ δέ μοι ἔπλετ' [[ἀνάγκη]] <i>Od</i>.10.273, [[ἀνάγκη]] [[γάρ]] μοι ἐπίκειται se me impone como un deber</i>, 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.9.16, cf. <i>h.Ven</i>.130, Thgn.195<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. inf. y dat. de pers. τίς τοι [[ἀνάγκη]] πτώσσειν ...; <i>Il</i>.5.633, νείκεα νῶϊν [[ἀνάγκη]] νεικεῖν <i>Il</i>.20.251, ἐμοί γε μὲν οὔτις [[ἀνάγκη]] τοῦθ' ἕρδειν Thgn.1095, τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶ οὐδεμία [[ἀνάγκη]] Hdt.2.35, πάντως δ' [[ἀνάγκη]] τῶνδέ μοι τόλμαν σχεθεῖν A.<i>Pr</i>.16<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. prep. sinónimo de [[ἀναγκαῖος]]: τοὺς πρὸς ἀνάγκην πόνους ἀπείργοντας Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1338<sup>b</sup>40, cf. Aret.<i>CA</i> 2.3.5<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[rigurosamente]] γυμνάζεσθαι πρὸς ἀνάγκην Epict.<i>Ench</i>.29.2.<br /><b class="num">II</b> como fuerza impersonal, natural o lógica, exterior al hombre<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[necesidad]], [[exigencia]], [[ley natural]] de fenóm. físicos [[ἀνάγκη]] ἐστὶ ὗσαι ἐν πέντε ἡμέρῃσι es forzoso que llueva en cinco días</i> Hdt.2.22, πάντα ἐκ λόγου τε καὶ ὑπ' ἀνάγκης todo a partir de la razón y sometido a la necesidad natural</i> Leucipp.B 2, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X.<i>Mem</i>.1.1.11, personif. Ἀνάγκης ἄτρακτον que rige las órbitas celestes, Pl.<i>R</i>.616c, cf. Phot.p.108R., πάντα τὰ γινόμενα ἐξ ἀνάγκης γίνεται Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.2.271, ὁ ... ἀγαθὸς ἀνὴρ οὐκ ... εὐδαίμων ἐξ ἀνάγκας [[ἐντί]] Archyt.<i>Fr.Sp</i>.1 (1, p.553), [[ἀνάγκη]] φύσεος E.<i>Tr</i>.886, Plb.6.57.1, ἡ δ' [[ἀνάγκη]] διττή· ἡ ... κατὰ φύσιν καὶ τὴν ὁρμήν Arist.<i>APo</i>.94<sup>b</sup>37<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[necesidad]] biológica o vital τὰς τῆς φύσεως ἀνάγκας Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1075, σαίνων τε γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.<i>A</i>.726, cf. X.<i>Cyn</i>.7.1, ὑπ' ἀνάγκης ... τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl.<i>R</i>.458d, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἐμπίπτει Apollon.Cit.3.24, ἐρωτικαῖς ἀνάγκαις Pl.<i>R</i>.458d<br /><b class="num">•</b>ref. a la muerte ληφθέντες πρὸς ἀνάγκας A.<i>Pers</i>.569.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en sent. lógico [[necesidad]], [[rigor lógico]] ἡ ψυχῆς δὲ [[ἀνάγκη]] νοῦν κεκτημένης ἁπασῶν ἁναγκῶν πολὺ μεγίστη γίγνοιτ' ἄν Pl.<i>Epin</i>.982b, de un destino indestructible e inmortal que es forzosamente divino ἐξ ἁπάσης ἀνάγκης necesariamente</i>, lógicamente</i> Pl.<i>Epin</i>.982a<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en respuestas o conclusiones πολλὴ [[ἀνάγκη]] es forzoso, totalmente lógico</i> Pl.<i>Grg</i>.467e, c. complet. de inf. ἀνάγκα τὰ ἐόντα εἷμεν πάντα ἢ περαίνοντα ἢ ἄπειρα Philol.B 2, ἀνάγκα γὰρ ... τὰς ἐν ἁμῖν μοίρας τᾶς ψυχᾶς διαφόρως ἦμεν Aesar., cf. Aristaeus, Archyt.<i>Fr.Sp</i>.1 (1, p.557)<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[rigor]] en las demostraciones, Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1064<sup>b</sup>33<br /><b class="num">•</b>personif. κρατερὴ γὰρ Ἀνάγκη πείρατος ἐν δεσμοῖσιν ἔχει la poderosa Necesidad lo tiene en los vínculos del límite (al Ser, para que tenga un límite preciso)</i>, Parm.B 8.30.<br /><b class="num">3</b> como destino o fuerza ciega superior incluso a los dioses [[Necesidad]], [[Fatalidad]], [[Destino]] ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδε θεοὶ μάχονται a la necesidad, ni los dioses se resisten</i> Simon.37.29 (= Pl.<i>Prt</i>.345d), cf. Pl.<i>Lg</i>.818b, Alcm.102, πρὸς τὴν ἀνάγκην οὐδ' Ἄρης ἀνθίσταται S.<i>Fr</i>.256, cf. A.<i>Pr</i>.105, E.<i>Fr</i>.475, a veces personif. (Χάρις) στυγέει δύστλητον Ἀνάγκην Emp.B 116, Ἀνάγκῃ καὶ οὐκ Ἔρωτι Pl.<i>Smp</i>.195c, cf. Philet.4.1, Philem.31.5, Simm.24.3 y supra II 1 y 2.<br /><b class="num">4</b> fig. del número [[diez]], <i>Theol.Arith</i>.59, 60.<br /><b class="num">III</b> c. valores concretos<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[presión]], [[violencia]] de la venganza del centauro Neso δολοποιὸς ἀνάγκα violencia traidora</i> S.<i>Tr</i>.832, βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις en las violencias trenzadas de las mallas</i> Xenarch.1.9 (<i>CAF</i>)<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[fuerza]] ἀνάγκῃ χρώμενος utilizando la fuerza</i> para reducir fracturas, Apollon.Cit.1.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>dolor, sufrimiento ἐν ὡδίνων ... ἀνάγκαισι E.<i>Ba</i>.89, κατ' ἀνάγκαν ἕρποντος del que se arrastra penosamente</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.206, πταίων ὑπ' ἀνάγκας cojeando con dolor</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.215, βασάνων Plu.2.305e, ἔσται γὰρ ἁνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς <i>Eu.Luc</i>.21.23, cf. <i>IG</i> 12(7).386.23 (Amorgos III a.C.), 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.7.26, 2<i>Ep.Cor</i>.12.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en plu. [[tortura]], [[tormento]] ὁ δὲ ἀγόμενος ἐς τὰς ἀνάγκας Hdt.1.116, ἕλκεις ἐς τὰς ἀνάγκας Herod.5.59, cf. Th.1.99, Antipho 6.25, τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instrumentos de tortura</i> Plb.15.28.2, en sg. tard. πρὸς ἀνάγκην bajo tortura</i> Plu.<i>Publ</i>.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[calamidades]], [[tribulaciones]] ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.85, [[ἀνάγκη]] δὲ καὶ θλῖψις αὐτὸν καθέξει [[LXX]] <i>Ib</i>.15.24.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[situación forzada]], [[necesidad]] ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃσιν Democr.B 239, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ἀκουσίους ἀνάγκας πίπτειν por no haber caído contra su voluntad en situaciones apremiantes</i> Th.3.82<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[limitación de tiempo de intervención ante un tribunal]], Ar.<i>Fr</i>.584.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> No se ha logrado imponer ninguna de las hipótesis emitidas: 1) préstamo semítico, 2) *<i>H2enk</i>- / *<i>H2nek</i>-, cf. airl. <i>ēcen</i>, gal. <i>angen</i> ‘[[necesidad]]’, ‘[[destino]]’, het. <i>ḫenkan</i> ‘[[muerte fatídica]]’, ai. <i>naś</i>-, lat. <i>[[nex]]</i>, etc., 3) derivado regresivo de [[ἀναγκάζω]], que vendría de [[ἀνά]] y ἀγκών ‘[[brazo]]’, 4) ἀν- privativo y ἀγκών, 5) relacionable c. ἐνεγκεῖν.
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|auten=[[necessity]], [[constraint]]; freq. [[ἀνάγκη]] (ἐστίν, ἦν) foll. by inf., Il. 5.633, Il. 24.667, κρατέρη δ' ἐπικείσετ [[ἀνάγκη]], ‘[[stern]] [[necessity]],’ Il. 6.458; [[often]] ἀνάγκῃ, καὶ ἀνάγκῃ, ‘[[even]] [[against]] his [[will]],’ ὑπ' ἀνάγκης, ‘by [[compulsion]].’
|auten=[[necessity]], [[constraint]]; freq. [[ἀνάγκη]] (ἐστίν, ἦν) foll. by inf., Il. 5.633, Il. 24.667, κρατέρη δ' ἐπικείσετ [[ἀνάγκη]], ‘[[stern]] [[necessity]],’ Il. 6.458; [[often]] ἀνάγκῃ, καὶ ἀνάγκῃ, ‘[[even]] [[against]] his [[will]],’ ὑπ' ἀνάγκης, ‘by [[compulsion]].’
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{{DGE
|dgtxt=-ης, ἡ<br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> dór. -ᾱ Alcm.102, Simon.37.29; cret. ἀνάνκᾱ <i>ICr</i>.4.72.8.33 (Gortina V a.C.), tb. locr. <i>IG</i> 9<sup>2</sup>.718.8 (Calion VI/V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾰ-]<br /><b class="num">I</b> como fuerza personal ejercida por personas, divinidades o situaciones y de sus efectos<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. ref. a una presión o coacción física o de otro tipo [[fuerza]], [[coacción]], [[vigor]], [[imposición]] κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' [[ἀνάγκη]] caerá (sobre tí) una poderosa coacción (la de la esclavitud)</i> <i>Il</i>.6.458<br /><b class="num">•</b>ὑπ' ἁνάγκης por imposición</i>, a la fuerza</i>, <i>Od</i>.2.110, Hes.<i>Op</i>.15, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49a, Pl.<i>Phdr</i>.231a, αἴ κα hυπ' ἀνάνκας ἀπελάονται <i>IG</i> [[l.c.]], ὑπ' ἀνάγκας <i>ICr</i>.4.72.6.47 (Gortina V a.C.), <i>ICr</i>.2.5.9.5 (Axos), χάριν ἀνάγκης Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49b, ἐξ ἀνάγκης por imposición</i>, por coacción</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.73, Th.3.40, δι' ἀνάγκης necesariamente</i> Pl.<i>Ti</i>.47e, κατ' ἀνάγκην irremisiblemente</i> Plb.1.23.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en dat. ἀχνύμενοί περ ἀνάγκῃ νηῶν ἠμύνοντο por apesadumbrados que estuvieran, se vieron forzados a defender las naves</i>, <i>Il</i>.12.178, cf. <i>h.Cer</i>.147, reforzado por καί: ἀκούσονται καὶ ἀνάγκῃ <i>Il</i>.15.199<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[a la fuerza]], [[contra su voluntad]] ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.1.154, ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ ἴσχει la cual lo retiene a la fuerza</i>, <i>Od</i>.4.557, cf. <i>Il</i>.16.305, Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49c, ἐπὶ νῆας ἄγον ... ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.9.98, cf. 22.353, βίῃ δ' ἀέκουσαν ἀνάγκῃ ... ἀπήγαγον <i>h.Cer</i>.124, cf. 72, μνήσασθαι ἀνάγκῃ <i>Od</i>.7.217, σύν τ' ἀνάγκῃ σύν τ' ἐνιπῇσιν a la fuerza y a gritos</i> Semon.8.44, ἀνάγκαι δὲ με̄́ <i>ICr</i>.4.72.8.33 (Gortina V a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. valor gener. ἀνάγκην προστιθέναι aplicar la fuerza</i> X.<i>Hier</i>.9.4, ἐπιτιθέναι X.<i>Lac</i>.10.7<br /><b class="num">•</b>por parte de los dioses [[imposición]], [[necesidad impuesta]] εἰς ἀνάγκην δαιμόνων ἀφιγμένοι E.<i>Ph</i>.1000, τὰς ... ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκας E.<i>Ph</i>.1763.<br /><b class="num">2</b> desde el punto de vista del sujeto que sufre [[necesidad]] θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ domando dentro del pecho nuestra ira por necesidad</i>, <i>Il</i>.18.113, 19.66, c. dat. y prep. σὺν δ' ἀνάγκᾳ νιν φίλον καί τις ἐὼν μεγαλάνωρ ἔσανεν aun un hombre altanero cede a la necesidad de adularlo como amigo</i> Pi.<i>P</i>.1.51<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. dat. οἷσιν [[ἀνάγκη]] para quienes es necesario</i>, <i>Il</i>.10.418<br /><b class="num">•</b>en or. nominal pura [[εἴπερ]] [[ἀνάγκη]] [[si es necesario]], [[si es preciso]], <i>Il</i>.24.667, πολλή γ' [[ἀνάγκη]] es muy necesario</i> E.<i>Hec</i>.396<br /><b class="num">•</b>con o sin cópula πολλή 'στ' [[ἀνάγκη]] S.<i>Tr</i>.295, ἧ πᾶσ' [[ἀνάγκη]] ... ἰδεῖν ...; S.<i>El</i>.1497, ὑμῖν ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστὶ βουλεύσασθαι Lys.6.8, cf. X.<i>Cyr</i>.1.4.12, [[ἀνάγκη]] ... ἐγένετο αὐτῷ X.<i>Mem</i>.4.8.2, cf. <i>Cyr</i>.1.6.41<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. inf. ἀπορεῖν [[ἀνάγκη]] τῷ λόγῳ Gorg.B 11a.4, cf. 6, [[ἀνάγκη]] δὴ λέγειν Thrasym.B 1, ἀνάγκην ... ἔχομεν e inf., D.Chr.31.105, <i>Eu.Luc</i>.14.18.<br /><b class="num">3</b> id. c. un matiz social o moral [[necesidad]], [[obligación]], [[deber]] αὐτὰρ ἐγὼν [[εἶμι]]· κρατερὴ δέ μοι ἔπλετ' [[ἀνάγκη]] <i>Od</i>.10.273, [[ἀνάγκη]] [[γάρ]] μοι ἐπίκειται se me impone como un deber</i>, 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.9.16, cf. <i>h.Ven</i>.130, Thgn.195<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. inf. y dat. de pers. τίς τοι [[ἀνάγκη]] πτώσσειν ...; <i>Il</i>.5.633, νείκεα νῶϊν [[ἀνάγκη]] νεικεῖν <i>Il</i>.20.251, ἐμοί γε μὲν οὔτις [[ἀνάγκη]] τοῦθ' ἕρδειν Thgn.1095, τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶ οὐδεμία [[ἀνάγκη]] Hdt.2.35, πάντως δ' [[ἀνάγκη]] τῶνδέ μοι τόλμαν σχεθεῖν A.<i>Pr</i>.16<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. prep. sinónimo de [[ἀναγκαῖος]]: τοὺς πρὸς ἀνάγκην πόνους ἀπείργοντας Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1338<sup>b</sup>40, cf. Aret.<i>CA</i> 2.3.5<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[rigurosamente]] γυμνάζεσθαι πρὸς ἀνάγκην Epict.<i>Ench</i>.29.2.<br /><b class="num">II</b> como fuerza impersonal, natural o lógica, exterior al hombre<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[necesidad]], [[exigencia]], [[ley natural]] de fenóm. físicos [[ἀνάγκη]] ἐστὶ ὗσαι ἐν πέντε ἡμέρῃσι es forzoso que llueva en cinco días</i> Hdt.2.22, πάντα ἐκ λόγου τε καὶ ὑπ' ἀνάγκης todo a partir de la razón y sometido a la necesidad natural</i> Leucipp.B 2, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X.<i>Mem</i>.1.1.11, personif. Ἀνάγκης ἄτρακτον que rige las órbitas celestes, Pl.<i>R</i>.616c, cf. Phot.p.108R., πάντα τὰ γινόμενα ἐξ ἀνάγκης γίνεται Chrysipp.<i>Stoic</i>.2.271, ὁ ... ἀγαθὸς ἀνὴρ οὐκ ... εὐδαίμων ἐξ ἀνάγκας [[ἐντί]] Archyt.<i>Fr.Sp</i>.1 (1, p.553), [[ἀνάγκη]] φύσεος E.<i>Tr</i>.886, Plb.6.57.1, ἡ δ' [[ἀνάγκη]] διττή· ἡ ... κατὰ φύσιν καὶ τὴν ὁρμήν Arist.<i>APo</i>.94<sup>b</sup>37<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[necesidad]] biológica o vital τὰς τῆς φύσεως ἀνάγκας Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1075, σαίνων τε γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.<i>A</i>.726, cf. X.<i>Cyn</i>.7.1, ὑπ' ἀνάγκης ... τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl.<i>R</i>.458d, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἐμπίπτει Apollon.Cit.3.24, ἐρωτικαῖς ἀνάγκαις Pl.<i>R</i>.458d<br /><b class="num">•</b>ref. a la muerte ληφθέντες πρὸς ἀνάγκας A.<i>Pers</i>.569.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en sent. lógico [[necesidad]], [[rigor lógico]] ἡ ψυχῆς δὲ [[ἀνάγκη]] νοῦν κεκτημένης ἁπασῶν ἁναγκῶν πολὺ μεγίστη γίγνοιτ' ἄν Pl.<i>Epin</i>.982b, de un destino indestructible e inmortal que es forzosamente divino ἐξ ἁπάσης ἀνάγκης necesariamente</i>, lógicamente</i> Pl.<i>Epin</i>.982a<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en respuestas o conclusiones πολλὴ [[ἀνάγκη]] es forzoso, totalmente lógico</i> Pl.<i>Grg</i>.467e, c. complet. de inf. ἀνάγκα τὰ ἐόντα εἷμεν πάντα ἢ περαίνοντα ἢ ἄπειρα Philol.B 2, ἀνάγκα γὰρ ... τὰς ἐν ἁμῖν μοίρας τᾶς ψυχᾶς διαφόρως ἦμεν Aesar., cf. Aristaeus, Archyt.<i>Fr.Sp</i>.1 (1, p.557)<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[rigor]] en las demostraciones, Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1064<sup>b</sup>33<br /><b class="num">•</b>personif. κρατερὴ γὰρ Ἀνάγκη πείρατος ἐν δεσμοῖσιν ἔχει la poderosa Necesidad lo tiene en los vínculos del límite (al Ser, para que tenga un límite preciso)</i>, Parm.B 8.30.<br /><b class="num">3</b> como destino o fuerza ciega superior incluso a los dioses [[Necesidad]], [[Fatalidad]], [[Destino]] ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδε θεοὶ μάχονται a la necesidad, ni los dioses se resisten</i> Simon.37.29 (= Pl.<i>Prt</i>.345d), cf. Pl.<i>Lg</i>.818b, Alcm.102, πρὸς τὴν ἀνάγκην οὐδ' Ἄρης ἀνθίσταται S.<i>Fr</i>.256, cf. A.<i>Pr</i>.105, E.<i>Fr</i>.475, a veces personif. (Χάρις) στυγέει δύστλητον Ἀνάγκην Emp.B 116, Ἀνάγκῃ καὶ οὐκ Ἔρωτι Pl.<i>Smp</i>.195c, cf. Philet.4.1, Philem.31.5, Simm.24.3 y supra II 1 y 2.<br /><b class="num">4</b> fig. del número [[diez]], <i>Theol.Arith</i>.59, 60.<br /><b class="num">III</b> c. valores concretos<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[presión]], [[violencia]] de la venganza del centauro Neso δολοποιὸς ἀνάγκα violencia traidora</i> S.<i>Tr</i>.832, βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις en las violencias trenzadas de las mallas</i> Xenarch.1.9 (<i>CAF</i>)<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[fuerza]] ἀνάγκῃ χρώμενος utilizando la fuerza</i> para reducir fracturas, Apollon.Cit.1.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>dolor, sufrimiento ἐν ὡδίνων ... ἀνάγκαισι E.<i>Ba</i>.89, κατ' ἀνάγκαν ἕρποντος del que se arrastra penosamente</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.206, πταίων ὑπ' ἀνάγκας cojeando con dolor</i> S.<i>Ph</i>.215, βασάνων Plu.2.305e, ἔσται γὰρ ἁνάγκη μεγάλη ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς <i>Eu.Luc</i>.21.23, cf. <i>IG</i> 12(7).386.23 (Amorgos III a.C.), 1<i>Ep.Cor</i>.7.26, 2<i>Ep.Cor</i>.12.10<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en plu. [[tortura]], [[tormento]] ὁ δὲ ἀγόμενος ἐς τὰς ἀνάγκας Hdt.1.116, ἕλκεις ἐς τὰς ἀνάγκας Herod.5.59, cf. Th.1.99, Antipho 6.25, τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instrumentos de tortura</i> Plb.15.28.2, en sg. tard. πρὸς ἀνάγκην bajo tortura</i> Plu.<i>Publ</i>.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[calamidades]], [[tribulaciones]] ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.85, [[ἀνάγκη]] δὲ καὶ θλῖψις αὐτὸν καθέξει [[LXX]] <i>Ib</i>.15.24.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[situación forzada]], [[necesidad]] ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃσιν Democr.B 239, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐς ἀκουσίους ἀνάγκας πίπτειν por no haber caído contra su voluntad en situaciones apremiantes</i> Th.3.82<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[limitación de tiempo de intervención ante un tribunal]], Ar.<i>Fr</i>.584.<br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> No se ha logrado imponer ninguna de las hipótesis emitidas: 1) préstamo semítico, 2) *<i>H2enk</i>- / *<i>H2nek</i>-, cf. airl. <i>ēcen</i>, gal. <i>angen</i> ‘[[necesidad]]’, ‘[[destino]]’, het. <i>ḫenkan</i> ‘[[muerte fatídica]]’, ai. <i>naś</i>-, lat. <i>[[nex]]</i>, etc., 3) derivado regresivo de [[ἀναγκάζω]], que vendría de [[ἀνά]] y ἀγκών ‘[[brazo]]’, 4) ἀν- privativo y ἀγκών, 5) relacionable c. ἐνεγκεῖν.
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