πατήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, gen. and dat. [[πατέρος]], [[πατέρι]] in Ep. and Lyr., Att. [[πατρός]], [[πατρί]] (which is also the commoner form in Hom., Hes., and Pi.); acc. always [[πατέρα]]; voc. [[πάτερ]]: pl. [[πατέρες]], [[πατέρας]], [[πατέρων]] ([[πατρῶν]] only Od.4.687, 8.245); dat. [[πατράσι]] [ᾰ] (cf. Skt. loc. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> pitṛṣu, no dat. pl. occurs in Hom. or Hes.), late Ep. πατέρεσσι Q.S.10.40:— [[father]], Il.1.98, etc.; [[πατρὸς πατήρ]] = [[grandfather]], 14.118, Od.19.180, X.HG6.3.4, etc.; τοῦδε κεκλῆσθαι πατρός S.Fr.86; μητρὸς καλεῖσθαι παῖδα τοῦ πατρός [[παρόν]] ib.564; [[τὰ πρὸς πατρός]] = [[by the father's side]], Hdt.7.99, cf. SIG1015.7 (Halic.), etc.; especially of God, the [[father]] of the [[Israelite]]s, LXXDe.32.6, al.; [[father]] of men, Ev.Matt. 6.8, al.; [[father]] of Jesus Christ, ib.7.21,al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> esp. as [[epithet]] of Zeus, πατὴρ [[Ζεύς]], πατὴρ [[Κρονίδης]], [[πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε]], Il.4.235, 21.508, 1.544, al.; [[Ζεὺς π]]. A.Th. 512, etc.; Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.Ach.225;  πατέρ' Οὐρανιδᾶν Ζῆνα  Pi.P.4.194; ὁ τῶν ἁπάντων Ζεὺς πατὴρ [[Ὀλύμπιος]] S.Tr.275, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> respectful mode of addressing persons older than oneself, ξεὶνε πάτερ Od.7.28,48,8.145, cf. POxy. 1296.15 (iii A. D.), etc.; in addressing an elder brother, UPZ65.3 (ii B.C.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., [[father]], [[author]], ἀοιδᾶν π… [[εὐαίνητος]] [[Ὀρφεύς]] Pi.P.4.176; [[χρόνος]] ὁ πάντων [[πατήρ]] Id.O.2.17, cf. Pl.Ti.41a; τοῦ λόγου πατήρ Id.Smp. 177d, cf. Phdr.257b, etc.; [[ὁ πατὴρ τῶν φώτων]], i.e. [[God]], the [[father]] of the [[star]]s, Ep.Jac.1.17; [[οἱ πατέρες τῶν ἀτόμων]] = the [[author]]s of the [[atomic]] [[theory]], Gal.1.246; of [[capital]], τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκγόνους τόκους Pl.R.555e.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[title]] of a [[grade]] in the mysteries of [[Mithras]], IG14.1272, etc.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[πατὴρ πατρίδος]], = Lat. [[pater patriae]], Plu.Cic.23, BGU1074.1 (i A. D.), IG7.2713.33 (Acraeph., i A. D.), etc.; similarly, [[πατὴρ τῆς πόλεως]] = [[curator]] [[ciuitatis]], [[pater]] [[ciuitatis]] ib.5(1).1417.11 (Methone).<br><span class="bld">VII</span> in plural, [[πατέρες]] <br><span class="bld">1</span> [[forefathers]], Il.6.209, etc.; [[ἐξέτι πατρῶν]] = [[from our fathers' time]], Od.8.245; ἐκ πατέρων Pi.P.8.45.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[parents]], D.S.21.17, Alciphr.3.40, Epigr.Gr.227 (Teos).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[parent]] [[nation]], opp. [[colonist]]s, Hdt.7.51, 8.22, Plu.Them.9. (Cf. Skt. pitár-, Lat. [[pater]], etc.)