χθών: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, gen. [[χθονός]], <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[earth]], esp. [[the surface of the earth]] (rarely [[soil]], χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>872</span>): poet. word (Com. only in lyr. or paratrag.), very rare in Prose, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>14.15</span> (cod. Alex.), <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span> 2.520 (Rome); seldom with Art. (only when an Adj. is added, v. infr. 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς <span class="bibl">Od.8.375</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.349</span>; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα <span class="bibl">8.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.619</span>; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς <span class="bibl">20.483</span>; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">6.473</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.89</span>; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι <span class="bibl">13.180</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ χ</b>., opp. [[οὐρανῷ]], <span class="bibl">4.443</span>; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο <span class="bibl">1.88</span>; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες <span class="bibl">Od.8.222</span>, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι <span class="bibl">6.153</span>; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>811</span>; <b class="b3">χθόνα δύμεναι</b> to go beneath [[the earth]], i.e. to die, <span class="bibl">Il.6.411</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>151</span>; <b class="b3">ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ</b> χθονός <span class="bibl">Od.11.52</span>; <b class="b3">κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς</b> buried, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>588</span>; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1546</span> (Pass.); χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.38</span>; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>463</span> (lyr.); opp. [[θάλασσα]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>576</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χθονός</b>, of [[the nether world]], Τάρταρον... ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον <span class="bibl">Il.8.14</span>; κάτω μελαίνας χ. Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.10, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>72</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι</b>, i.e. those [[in the shades below]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>833</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>65</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί</b>, i.e. the Erinyes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>115</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1023</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[earth]], i.e. [[the world]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>139</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>528</span>; ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>956</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[Earth]], as a goddess, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>207</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[land]], [[country]], once in Hom., <b class="b3">εἴσατο δὲ χ</b>., of Ithaca, <span class="bibl">Od. 13.352</span>; <b class="b3">πολύμηλος χ</b>., of Libya, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.7</span>; <b class="b3">εὔκαρπος χ</b>., of Sicily, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>1.14</span>; freq. in Trag., freq. without Art., <b class="b3">χ. Ἀσιᾶτις, Φωκέων</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>61</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">485</span>; with Art., πᾶσαν τὴν Μυκηναίων χθόνα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>423</span>; τῆς περιρρύτου χ. Αήμνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1</span>; τὴν Κορινθίαν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>795</span>; τὴν ἐμὴν χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>846</span>; <b class="b3">τῆς Ἀθηναίων χ</b>. (paratrag.) <span class="bibl">Ephipp. 14.13</span>; even of a [[city]], τῆσδε δημοῦχοι χ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1348</span>; νόμους χθονός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>368</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>736</span>,<span class="bibl">939</span>; Com., ὦ πόλι φίλη Κέκροπος, . . οὖθαρ ἀγαθῆς χθονός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>110</span> (lyr.); ξένης ἀπὸ χ. <span class="bibl">Eup.71</span> (paratrag.). (Cf. Skt. loc. [[kṣámi]] 'on the ground', Hittite [[tegan]] 'ground', Tocharian [[tkan-]] 'place', Ir. [[dū]] 'place' (acc. [[don]], dat. [[dun]]).)</span>