πλῆθος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, Dor. and Arc. [[πλῆθος]] <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 84.8, al. (Argive, found in Crete, v B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6.20 (Tegea, iv B.C.), etc.; Boeot. [[πλεῖθος]] ib.7.3171.46 (Orchom. Boeot.); pseudo-Dor. and pseudo-Aeol. [[πλᾶθος]] <span class="title">GDI</span>5176.21 (Crete), <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.1302.18 (Cyme, i B.C./ i A.D.), Hippod. ap. Stob.4.1.93: ([[πλήθω]], <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> v. [[πίμπλημι]]):—[[great]] [[number]], [[multitude]], especially of [[people]], <span class="bibl">Il.17.330</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.49</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">στρατοῦ πλῆθος</b>, [[periphrasis]] for <b class="b3">στρατὸς πολύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.73</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς πλήθει</b> for the [[mass]] of men, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>389d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τὸ πλῆθος</b> the [[greater]] [[number]], the [[mass]], [[main]] [[body]], τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ στρατοῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.92</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πλῆθος τῆς ψυχῆς</b> the [[largest]] [[part]] of the [[soul]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>689a</span>: as Noun of Multitude with pl. Verb, Ἀθηναίων τὸ πλῆθος οἴονται <span class="bibl">Th.1.20</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πλῆθος ἐψηφίσαντο πολεμεῖν</b> [[the majority]], ib.<span class="bibl">125</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.20</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ πλήθει</b> by a [[majority]], Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 (Locr., v B.C.): hence, [[people]], [[population]], σμικρὸν τὸ πλῆθος τῆσδε γῆς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>715</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> the [[commons]], Th. <span class="bibl">1.9</span>, etc.; ἡ τοῦ πλήθους ἀρχή, δημοκρατία τοὔνομα κληθεῖσα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>291d</span>; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κράτος <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.81</span>: freq. of the [[popular]] [[assembly]], <b class="b3">τὸ ὑμέτερον πλῆθος, τὸ πλῆθος τὸ ὑμέτερον</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.12.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>31c</span>; <b class="b3">Ἐρυθραίων τῷ πλήθει, Ἀθηναίων τοῦ πλήθους</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.21, 22; = Lat. [[plebs]], <span class="bibl">Plb.6.15.11</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.12.25</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.71</span>; also, [[association]], [[corporation]], or [[guild]], τὸ πλῆθος τὸ Ἁλιαδᾶν <span class="title">IG</span> 12(1).155.6, 156.5 (Rhodes); τὸ τῶν Πανιαστῶν πλῆθος <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.1680(Pergam.); τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἱερέων <span class="title">OGI</span>56.24 (Canopus, iii B.C.); πλῆθος τῶν ἁλιέων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>5.498.2</span> (iii B.C.); τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μαχαιροφόρων <span class="title">OGI</span>737 (Memphis, ii B.C.); opp. <b class="b3">αἱ ἀρχαί, οἱ ὀλίγοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.84</span>; but also, [[populace]], [[mob]], opp. [[δῆμος]] (commons), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.18</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>1.10</span>: also in plural, <b class="b3">πείθειν τὰ πλήθη</b> the [[masses]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>452e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>268b</span>; ὃ πᾶσι… σωτήριον, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς πλήθεσι πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους <span class="bibl">D.6.24</span>; φιλόσοφον… πλῆθος ἀδύνατον εἶναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>494a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[quantity]] or [[number]], πόσον πλῆθος ἦν νεῶν Ἑλληνίδων; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>334</span>; τῆς σῆς δυνάμεως τί φῂς πλῆθος εἶναι; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.6</span>; ὅμιλος πλήθει φοβερώτατος <span class="bibl">Th.2.98</span>; ἰσχύϊ καὶ πλήθει προέχων <span class="bibl">Id.3.74</span>; τῷ πλήθει αὐτῶν καταπλαγέντες <span class="bibl">Id.4.10</span>; πλήθεϊ πολλοί <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.44</span>; σὺν πλήθει χερῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>123</span>; πλήθει παρόντες [[in force]], <span class="bibl">Th.8.22</span>: abs. in acc., κόσοι πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.153</span>; πόσοι τὸ πλῆθος; <span class="bibl">Diph.17.1</span>; ἐρέται… πλῆθος ἀνάριθμοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>40</span> (anap.); πλῆθος ὡς δισχίλιοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.2</span>; ἄπειρα τὸ πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.14</span>; ἄπειρα καὶ πλῆθος καὶ σμικρότητα Anaxag.1; πλῆθος τι πάμπολυ φθειρῶν <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.45, cf. 32 (Epid., iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[magnitude]], [[size]], or [[extent]], [ὄρος] πλήθεϊ μέγιστον καὶ μεγάθεϊ ὑψηλότατον <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">πεδίον πλῆθος ἄπειρον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">204</span>; ἡ ἐρῆμος… ἐοῦσα πλῆθος ἑπτὰ ἡμερέων ὁδοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.4.123</span>; πλῆθος χώρας καὶ ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Att., of [[quantity]] or [[amount]], διὰ πλήθος τῆς ζημίας <span class="bibl">Th.3.70</span>; χρημάτων πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Id.1.9</span>; διὰ πλῆθος οὐσίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>591e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1279a19</span>; ταῦτα οὐδέν ἐστι πλήθει οὐδὲ μεγέθει πρὸς ἐκεῖνα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>614a</span>; [[μετὰ πλήθους ἱδρῶτος]] = by [[much]] [[sweating]], [[multa sudans]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>84e</span>; τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ῥεύματος <span class="bibl">Plb.1.75.5</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ παρακείμενον πλῆθος</b> the [[amount]] entered against each, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span>i 252</span> (ii B.C.); of money, τὸ ἴσον πλῆθος <span class="title">TAM</span>2.526 (Pinara): in plural, [[quantities]], ἐμβρύων <span class="bibl">Cratin.326</span>; θαυμαστὸν ὅσ' ἐστ' ἀγαθῶν πλῆθος <span class="bibl">Mnesim.4.51</span> (anap.); οἰκοδομημάτων πλήθεσι ἢ μεγέθεσι <span class="bibl">D.C.52.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[more than enough]], πλῆθος φέρειν <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ex.</span>36.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[plurality]], opp. [[ἕν]], <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>45</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of [[time]], [[length]], χρόνου <span class="bibl">Th.1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>158d</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.180</span>; πλῆθος ἐτῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>855</span>; πλήθει πολλῶν μηνῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>722</span>(lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> with Preps., or Advbs., [[ἐς πλῆθος]] = [[in great numbers]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.14</span>; [[κατὰ πλῆθος]] = a [[large]] [[number]] at a time, <span class="title">IG</span>12.6.112; [[ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος]] = [[usually]], [[mostly]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>275b</span>; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>786a35</span>; κατὰ πλῆθος <span class="bibl">D.H.6.67</span>.</span>