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ὑπηρέτης: Difference between revisions
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|Definition= | |Definition=ὑπηρέτου, ὁ, ([[ἐρέτης]]) Dor. [[ὑπηρέτας]] ''IG''42(1).122.40,112 (Epid., iv B. C.), ''SIG''1000.31 (Cos, i B. C.):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[rower]], <b class="b3">τοὶ ὑ. τᾶν μακρᾶν ναῶν</b> ''SIG'' l. c. (dub. sens.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[underling]], [[servant]], [[attendant]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.63, 5.111; δοῦλοι καὶ πάντες ὑ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 289c; <b class="b3">ὑπηρέτης [τῆς πόλεως]</b>, opp. [[ἄρχων]], Id.''R.''552b; ἡ πόλις εἰς ὑπηρέτου σχῆμα.. προελήλυθεν D.23.210; <b class="b3">τῶν ἰατρῶν, τῶν δικαστῶν ὑ.</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''720a, 873b; used in Trag. and Att. to express all kinds of [[subordinate]] relations, as Hermes is <b class="b3">ὑ. θεῶν</b>, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''954, cf. 983; the Delphians are <b class="b3">Φοίβου ὑπηρέται</b>, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''712; [[Neoptolemus]] is [[ὑπηρέτης]] to [[Odysseus]], Id.''Ph.''53; the [[αὐλός]] is [[ὑπηρέτης]] to the Chorus, Pratin.Lyr.1.7: sometimes c. dat., τῷ θεῷ ὑ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''773e; <b class="b3">ὑπηρέτης τοῖς νόμοις</b> ib.715c, Arist.''Pol.'' 1287a21; also οἱ περὶ τυράννους καὶ πόλεις ὑ. E.''Tr.''426; opp. [[οἰκέτης]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.10.3: c. gen. objecti, <b class="b3">ὑπηρέτης παντὸς ἔργου</b> a [[helper]] in every work, Id.''An.''1.9.18.<br><span class="bld">2</span> at Athens,<br><span class="bld">a</span> the [[servant]] who [[attend]]ed each [[man-at-arms]] ([[ὁπλίτης]]) to [[carry]] his [[baggage]], [[ration]]s, and [[shield]], Th.3.17; sometimes light-armed as slingers or bowmen, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]'' 1186.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ὁ τῶν ἕνδεκα ὑπηρέτης</b> the [[assistant]] of the Eleven, employed in executions of state-criminals, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 116b, cf. X.''HG''2.3.54, 2.4.8.<br><span class="bld">c</span> a [[petty officer]] of the Council, ''IG''12.879 (pl.), ''Hesperia'' 3.63 (iv B. C.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> pl., [[staff-officer]]s in [[immediate]] [[attendance]] on the [[general]], [[aides-de-camp]], [[adjutant]]s, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.4.4, 6.2.13, etc.: sg., D. 50.31; also, [[officer]] attached to [[τάξις]], [[σύνταγμα]], or [[ἑκατονταρχία]], Ascl. ''Tact.''2.9, 6.3, Ael.''Tact.''9.4, 16.2, Arr.''Tact.''10.4,14.4.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[servitor]] in the [[cult]] of [[Mithras]], ''Rev.Hist.Rel.''109.64 (Rome). | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1206.png Seite 1206]] ὁ, der Ruderer, Matrose, übh. die ganze Schiffsmannschaft im | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-1206.png Seite 1206]] ὁ, der Ruderer, Matrose, übh. die ganze Schiffsmannschaft im <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> zu den Seesoldaten. – Jeder, der schwere Handarbeit verrichtet, übh. Diener, Aufwärter; θεῶν Aesch. Prom. 956; Soph. O. R. 712 Phil. 53; Eur. oft, auch οἱ περὶ τυράννους καὶ πόλεις ὑπ., Troad. 426. – Bes. in Athen der Diener des Schwerbewaffneten, [[ὁπλίτης]], der ihn in's Feld begleitet, ihm Gepäck, Proviant, auch den Schild trägt, = [[σκευοφόρος]], Böckh Ath. Staatshh. I p. 292; und Diener der ἀρχαί, der Besoldung erhält (s. [[ὑπηρεσία]]), Dem. 24, 162; ὁ τῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] [[ὑπηρέτης]] Plat. Phaed. 116 c; <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> [[ἄρχων]], Rep. VIII, 552 b, vgl. Polit. 290 b. – Bei Xen. eine Anzahl von Soldaten zum unmittelbaren Dienste des Feldherrn, Ordonnanzen u. Adjutanten, vgl. Cyr. 6, 2, 13. 3, 14. | ||
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{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext=ου (ὁ) :<br /><b>I.</b> rameur, matelot, tout homme | |btext=ου (ὁ) :<br /><b>I.</b> rameur, matelot, tout homme d'équipage (autre que les soldats de marine) sous les ordres d'un chef <i>ou</i> patron;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>p. ext.</i> tout homme sous les ordres d'un autre, serviteur ; <i>p. anal.</i> [[ὑπηρέτης]] [[θεῶν]] ESCHL serviteur des dieux ; <i>particul. à Athènes</i> :<br /><b>1</b> [[serviteur]] <i>qui accompagnait l'hoplite en campagne et vaquait à ses menus soins, sorte d'</i>ordonnance de l'hoplite;<br /><b>2</b> [[exécuteur public]] <i>aux ordres des Onze, chargé de l'exécution des criminels d'État</i>;<br /><b>3</b> <i>au plur.</i> οἱ ὑπηρέται sorte d'aides de camp <i>ou</i> d'adjudants auprès du général.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ὑπό]], [[ἐρέσσω]]. | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''ὑπηρέτης:''' ου ὁ<br /><b class="num">1 | |elrutext='''ὑπηρέτης:''' ου ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[помощник]], [[исполнитель]]: ὑ. τινός Aesch., Soph., Plat. etc., τινί Plat. и περί τινα Eur. помощник кого-л., исполнитель чьей-л. воли; ὑ. παντὸς ἔργου Xen. помощник во всех делах; ὁ τῶν Ἓνδεκα ὑ. Plat. агент коллегии Одиннадцати, т. е. исполнитель судебных приговоров (в Афинах);<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[служитель]], [[слуга]] (δοῦλοι καὶ πάντες ὑπηρέται Plat.): ὑ. [[θεῶν]] Aesch. = [[Ἑρμῆς]];<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[ординарец]], [[адъютант]] Xen. | ||
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{{Thayer | {{Thayer | ||
|txtha=ὑπηρετου, ὁ (from [[ὑπό]], and [[ἐρέτης]] from [[ἐρέσσω]] to [[row]]), from [[Aeschylus]] and [[Herodotus]] | |txtha=ὑπηρετου, ὁ (from [[ὑπό]], and [[ἐρέτης]] from [[ἐρέσσω]] to [[row]]), from [[Aeschylus]] and [[Herodotus]] down;<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[properly]], an [[under]] [[rower]], [[subordinate]] [[rower]].<br /><b class="num">b.</b> anyone [[who]] serves [[with]] his hands; a [[servant]]; in the [[NT|N.T.]] of the officers and attendants of magistrates as — of the [[officer]] [[who]] executes penalties, οἱ ὑπηρετοι οἱ [[ἐμοί]], my servants, [[retinue]], the soldiers I should [[have]] if I were a [[king]], [[δοῦλος]] ([[Plato]], polit., p. 289c.), anyone [[who]] aids [[another]] in [[any]] [[work]]; an [[assistant]]: of a preacher of the gospel (A. V. [[minister]], [[which]] [[see]] in B. D.), ὑπηρέται λόγου, Χριστοῦ, [[διάκονος]], at the [[end]].) | ||
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{{grml | {{grml | ||
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{{lsm | {{lsm | ||
|lsmtext='''ὑπηρέτης:''' -ου, ὁ ([[ἐρέτης]]),<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[κυρίως]] υποκωπηλάτης, υποναυτικός, βλ. [[ὑπηρεσία]].<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> γενικά υποταγμένος, [[υπηρέτης]], [[ακόλουθος]], [[συνοδός]], [[βοηθός]], [[αρωγός]], επικούρος, Λατ. apparῐtor, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.· με γεν. αντικειμενική, [[ὑπηρέτης]] ἔργου, [[βοηθός]] στην [[εκτέλεση]] έργου, σε Ξεν.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> στην Αθήνα: <b>α)</b> [[υπηρέτης]] που ακολουθούσε [[κάθε]] οπλίτη ([[ὁπλίτης]]) προκειμένου να μεταφέρει την [[αποσκευή]] και την [[ασπίδα]] του, σε Θουκ. <b>β)</b> ὁ | |lsmtext='''ὑπηρέτης:''' -ου, ὁ ([[ἐρέτης]]),<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[κυρίως]] υποκωπηλάτης, υποναυτικός, βλ. [[ὑπηρεσία]].<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> γενικά υποταγμένος, [[υπηρέτης]], [[ακόλουθος]], [[συνοδός]], [[βοηθός]], [[αρωγός]], επικούρος, Λατ. apparῐtor, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.· με γεν. αντικειμενική, [[ὑπηρέτης]] ἔργου, [[βοηθός]] στην [[εκτέλεση]] έργου, σε Ξεν.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> στην Αθήνα: <b>α)</b> [[υπηρέτης]] που ακολουθούσε [[κάθε]] οπλίτη ([[ὁπλίτης]]) προκειμένου να μεταφέρει την [[αποσκευή]] και την [[ασπίδα]] του, σε Θουκ. <b>β)</b> ὁ τῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] ὑπηρετῶν, ο [[βοηθός]] των Έντεκα, που ήταν επιφορτισμένοι με την [[εκτέλεση]] της ποινής των πολιτικών καταδίκων, σε Πλάτ. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
|mdlsjtxt=ὑπ-ηρέτης, ου, ὁ, [[ἐρέτης]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[properly]] an under-[[rower]], under-[[seaman]], v. [[ὑπηρεσία]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]] an [[underling]], [[servant]], [[attendant]], [[assistant]], Lat. [[apparitor]], Hdt., | |mdlsjtxt=ὑπ-ηρέτης, ου, ὁ, [[ἐρέτης]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[properly]] an under-[[rower]], under-[[seaman]], v. [[ὑπηρεσία]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]] an [[underling]], [[servant]], [[attendant]], [[assistant]], Lat. [[apparitor]], Hdt., Attic:—c. gen. objecti, ὑπ. ἔργου a [[helper]] in a [[work]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> at [[Athens]],<br />a. the [[servant]] who attended [[each]] man-at-[[arms]] (ὁπλίτησ) to [[carry]] his [[baggage]] and [[shield]], Thuc.<br />b. ὁ τῶν [[ἕνδεκα]] ὑπ. the [[assistant]] of the Eleven, employed in executions, Plat. | ||
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{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
|ftr='''ὑπηρέτης''': {hupērétēs}<br />'''Forms''': dor. (seit IV<sup>a</sup>) -τας<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Diener]], [[Gehilfe]], [[Genosse]], [[Adjutant]] (att., Hdt. usw.);<br />'''Composita''' : ἀρχ(ι)-υπηρέτης m. [[oberster Minister]] (sp. Inschr. u. Pap.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[ὑπηρέτις]] f. [[Dienerin]] (E., Pl. u.a.). 2. -ετικός [[zum Diener gehörig dienend]], [[behilflich]], [[untergeordnet]]; -όν (sc. [[πλοῖον]]), -ὸς [[κέλης]] [[kleines Schiffsboot]], [[Eilboot]] (att. usw.). 3. -εσία, oft pl. -εσίαι f. [[Schiffsmannschaft]], [[Dienerschaft]], [[Dienstleistung]] (att. hell. u. sp.). 4. -έσιον n. = -ετικὸν [[πλοῖον]] (Eratosth. ap. Str.). 5. -ετέω, auch m. συν-, ἐξ- u.a., ’[[ὑπηρέτης]] sein, (be)dienen, beistehen, willfahren’ (ion. att.) mit -έτημα n. [[Dienstleistung]] (att.), -έτησις (ἐξ-) f. [[Bedienung]] (Arist., Pap. u.a.). 6. -ετεύω ib. (Messen., Kos) mit -ετεία f. (''App''. ''Anth''.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Für sich steht [[ὑπηρέσιον]] im Sinn von [[Ruderkissen]], übertr. [[Reitkissen]] (att. hell. u. sp.), wohl Hypostase ("was unter dem [[ἐρέτης]] liegt"). Urspr. Ausdruck der Seemannsprache. Die wörtliche Bed. [[Unterruderer]] läßt sich sachlich nicht begründen, s. Richardson Class Quart. 37, 55ff., der in ὑπ- mit Recht ein hypercharakterisierendes Präfix sieht, zunächst um den Gegensatz zum übergeordneten [[κελευστής]] hervorzuheben; vgl. [[ὑποδμώς]] = [[δμώς]] und Schw.-Debrunner 524 A. 1. Zur Bed. und Verbreitung von [[ὑπηρέτης]] u. Verw. noch E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 77f. und Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190 (im Einzelnen etwas abweichend). — Weiteres s. [[ἐρέτης]].<br />'''Page''' 2,969-970 | |ftr='''ὑπηρέτης''': {hupērétēs}<br />'''Forms''': dor. (seit IV<sup>a</sup>) -τας<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Diener]], [[Gehilfe]], [[Genosse]], [[Adjutant]] (att., Hdt. usw.);<br />'''Composita''' : ἀρχ(ι)-υπηρέτης m. [[oberster Minister]] (sp. Inschr. u. Pap.).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[ὑπηρέτις]] f. [[Dienerin]] (E., Pl. u.a.). 2. -ετικός [[zum Diener gehörig dienend]], [[behilflich]], [[untergeordnet]]; -όν (''[[sc.]]'' [[πλοῖον]]), -ὸς [[κέλης]] [[kleines Schiffsboot]], [[Eilboot]] (att. usw.). 3. -εσία, oft pl. -εσίαι f. [[Schiffsmannschaft]], [[Dienerschaft]], [[Dienstleistung]] (att. hell. u. sp.). 4. -έσιον n. = -ετικὸν [[πλοῖον]] (Eratosth. ap. Str.). 5. -ετέω, auch m. συν-, ἐξ- u.a., ’[[ὑπηρέτης]] sein, (be)dienen, beistehen, willfahren’ (ion. att.) mit -έτημα n. [[Dienstleistung]] (att.), -έτησις (ἐξ-) f. [[Bedienung]] (Arist., Pap. u.a.). 6. -ετεύω ib. (Messen., Kos) mit -ετεία f. (''App''. ''Anth''.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Für sich steht [[ὑπηρέσιον]] im Sinn von [[Ruderkissen]], übertr. [[Reitkissen]] (att. hell. u. sp.), wohl Hypostase ("was unter dem [[ἐρέτης]] liegt"). Urspr. Ausdruck der Seemannsprache. Die wörtliche Bed. [[Unterruderer]] läßt sich sachlich nicht begründen, s. Richardson Class Quart. 37, 55ff., der in ὑπ- mit Recht ein hypercharakterisierendes Präfix sieht, zunächst um den Gegensatz zum übergeordneten [[κελευστής]] hervorzuheben; vgl. [[ὑποδμώς]] = [[δμώς]] und Schw.-Debrunner 524 A. 1. Zur Bed. und Verbreitung von [[ὑπηρέτης]] u. Verw. noch E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 77f. und Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190 (im Einzelnen etwas abweichend). — Weiteres s. [[ἐρέτης]].<br />'''Page''' 2,969-970 | ||
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{{Chinese | {{Chinese | ||
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{{mantoulidis | {{mantoulidis | ||
|mantxt=(=[[κωπηλάτης]], [[βοηθός]]). Ἀπό τό ὑπό + [[ἐρέτης]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | |mantxt=(=[[κωπηλάτης]], [[βοηθός]]). Ἀπό τό [[ὑπό]] + [[ἐρέτης]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | ||
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{{elmes | {{elmes | ||
|esmgtx=ὁ [[servidor]] c. suj. dioses κύριε θεέ, θεοῦ ὑπηρέτα, ... παράστα μοι <b class="b3">señor dios, servidor de dios, ven a mi lado</b> P II 79 τὸν Ἄνουβιν, τὸν πάντων θεῶν ὑπηρέτην <b class="b3">Anubis, el servidor de todos los dioses</b> P VII 548 c. suj. seres indefinidos ὁ δεῖνα, ἀπεσταλμένος μοι ἦς ὑπηρέτης <b class="b3">fulano, tu has sido enviado a mí como servidor</b> P X 4 σύ, ὁ ὑπηρέτης τῶν | |esmgtx=ὁ [[servidor]] c. suj. dioses κύριε θεέ, θεοῦ ὑπηρέτα, ... παράστα μοι <b class="b3">señor dios, servidor de dios, ven a mi lado</b> P II 79 τὸν Ἄνουβιν, τὸν πάντων θεῶν ὑπηρέτην <b class="b3">Anubis, el servidor de todos los dioses</b> P VII 548 c. suj. seres indefinidos ὁ δεῖνα, ἀπεσταλμένος μοι ἦς ὑπηρέτης <b class="b3">fulano, tu has sido enviado a mí como servidor</b> P X 4 σύ, ὁ ὑπηρέτης τῶν δʹ καλῶν θεῶν καὶ ἐνδόξων <b class="b3">tú, el servidor de los cuatro dioses hermosos y gloriosos</b> P LIX 5 | ||
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{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[famulus]]'', [[attendant]], [[servant]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.17.3/ 3.17.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.102.2/ 6.102.2]. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====rower=== | |trtx====[[rower]]=== | ||
Azerbaijani: avarçı, avarçəkən, kürəkçi; Bulgarian: гребец; Catalan: remador, remer; Chinese Mandarin: 划手; Czech: veslař; Finnish: soutaja; French: [[rameur]]; Galician: remador, remeiro; Georgian: მენიჩბე; German: [[Ruderer]]; Greek: [[κωπηλάτης]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἐρέτης]]; Hebrew: חוֹתֵר, מְשׁוֹטָאי; Hungarian: evezős; Irish: iomróir; Italian: [[rematore]], [[rematrice]]; Latin: [[remex]]; Maori: kaihoe; Norwegian Bokmål: roer; Old English: rōwend; Polish: wioślarz, wioślarka, bębniarz; Portuguese: [[remador]], [[remeiro]]; Romanian: vâslaș, vâslitor, canotor; Russian: [[гребец]]; Spanish: [[remero]], [[remador]], [[boga]], [[bogador]]; Tagalog: manggagaod; Turkish: kürekçi | Azerbaijani: avarçı, avarçəkən, kürəkçi; Bulgarian: гребец; Catalan: remador, remer; Chinese Mandarin: 划手; Czech: veslař; Esperanto: remisto sg; Finnish: soutaja; French: [[rameur]]; Galician: remador, remeiro; Georgian: მენიჩბე; German: [[Ruderer]]; Greek: [[κωπηλάτης]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἐλατήρ]], [[ἐπίκωπος]], [[ἐρέτης]], [[κωπηλάτης]], [[νεηλάτης]], [[πρόπολος]], [[πρόσκωπος]], [[ὑπηρέτας]], [[ὑπηρέτης]]; Hebrew: חוֹתֵר, מְשׁוֹטָאי; Hungarian: evezős; Irish: iomróir; Italian: [[rematore]], [[rematrice]]; Latin: [[remex]]; Maori: kaihoe; Norwegian Bokmål: roer; Old English: rōwend; Ottoman Turkish: كوركجی; Polish: wioślarz, wioślarka, bębniarz; Portuguese: [[remador]], [[remeiro]]; Romanian: vâslaș, vâslitor, canotor; Russian: [[гребец]]; Spanish: [[remero]], [[remador]], [[boga]], [[bogador]]; Tagalog: manggagaod; Turkish: kürekçi | ||
===servant=== | ===[[servant]]=== | ||
Aghwan: 𐔱𐔰𐕅𐔱𐔰𐕍𐔰𐔾; Albanian: shërbyes, shërbyese; Amharic: ሎሌ; Arabic: خَادِم, خَادِمَة, خَدَم; Egyptian Arabic: خدام, خدامة; Armenian: ծառա, սպասավոր; Aromanian: dul, huzmichear, shcljau; Azerbaijani: qulluqçu, nökər, xidmətçi; Bashkir: хеҙмәтсе; Belarusian: слуга, служанка, прыслужнік, прыслужніца, служка; Bengali: নোকর, চাকর; Bole: buda; Breton: servijour, servijourez; Bulgarian: слуга, прислужник, прислужница, служител, служителка; Burmese: အစေအပါး; Catalan: servent, criat; Chinese Mandarin: 僕人, 仆人, 傭人, 佣人, 奴僕, 奴仆, 奴役; Cimbrian: diinar, diinaren; Czech: sluha, služebný, služka; Danish: tjener; Dutch: [[hulp]], [[hulpje]], [[huishoudhulp]], [[bediende]], [[knecht]], meid, dienaar; Erzya: вардо, варданка; Estonian: teenija, sulane; Finnish: palvelija; French: [[serviteur]], [[domestique]], [[servante]]; Friulian: sierf, famei, servidôr; Galician: servente, criado; Georgian: მსახური; German: [[Diener]], [[Dienerin]], [[Lakai]], [[Kammerdiener]], [[Zofe]], Bediensteter, Bediener, Dienstbote; Knecht, Magd; Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃; Greek: [[υπηρέτης]]; Ancient Greek: [[θεράπων]], [[θεράπαινα]]; Hausa: yaro; Hebrew: מְשָׁרֵת; Higaonon: kabulig; Hindi: नौकर, चाकर, नौकरानी, सेवक, भृत्य, मुलाज़िम; Hungarian: szolga, cseléd; Icelandic: þjónn; Indonesian: pembantu; Irish: seirbhíseach, searbhónta; Italian: [[servo]], [[servitore]], [[domestico]], [[famiglio]]; Japanese: 使用人, 召使い; Javanese: réwang, réncang; Kazakh: даяшы, малай, қызметші; Khmer: អ្នកបំរើ, សេវកៈ, បាវ, ព្រាវ; Korean: 하인(下人), 머슴, 사용인(使用人); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: benî, kole, noker; Kyrgyz: кызматчы, кул, малай; Lao: ຂະຍົມ, ຂ້າ, ບ່າວ; Latin: [[minister]], [[ministra]], [[famulus]], [[famula]]; Latvian: kalps, kalpone, sulains; Lithuanian: tarnas; Macedonian: слуга, служител, служителка; Malay: hamba, khadam; Maltese: ħaddiem; Maore Comorian: mutru wa hazi; Maori: hāwini, tūmau; Middle English: serjaunt, servaunt; Mongolian Cyrillic: зарц; Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ; Navajo: naalʼaʼí; Norwegian Bokmål: tjener; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: слоуга, слоужитель; Old East Slavic: слуга; Old English: þeġn; Pali: sevaka; Pashto: خدمتګار, نوکر, خادم; Persian: خدمتکار, نوکر, خادم; Plautdietsch: Deena; Polish: służący pers, służąca, sługa; Portuguese: [[empregado]], [[criado]], [[serviçal]]; Romanian: servitor, slugă, slujitor; Russian: [[слуга]], [[служанка]]; Sanskrit: सेवक, सेविका, भृत्य; Scottish Gaelic: searbhanta, seirbhiseach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: слуга, слу̀жа̄вка, слу̏шкиња; Roman: slúga, slùžāvka, slȕškinja; Sicilian: criatu, servu; Slovak: sluha, slúžka; Slovene: služabnik, služabnica, sluga, služkinja; Spanish: [[sirviente]], [[criado]], [[mozo]], [[doméstico]], [[empleado]]; Swahili: mtumishi; Swedish: betjänt, tjänare; Tajik: хизматгор, пешхизмат, чокар, навкар; Tatar: хезмәтче; Thai: ข้า, บ่าว, ภัจ, คนรับใช้, เสวก, คนใช้, ภฤตย์; Tibetan: བྲན་གཡོག; Tigrinya: ከዳሚ; Tocharian B: mañiye, mañiya; Turkish: hizmetçi, uşak, kul; Turkmen: gullukçy, hyzmatkär; Ukrainian: слуга, служниця; Urdu: نوکر, چاکر, نوکرانی, خادم, ملازم; Uyghur: خىزمەتچى, مالاي; Uzbek: xizmatkor, malay; Venetian: servidór, famegio, besariòl; Vietnamese: đầy tớ, người hầu; Yiddish: דינסט, קנעכט, באַדינער, באַדינערטע | Aghwan: 𐔱𐔰𐕅𐔱𐔰𐕍𐔰𐔾; Albanian: shërbyes, shërbyese; Amharic: ሎሌ; Arabic: خَادِم, خَادِمَة, خَدَم; Egyptian Arabic: خدام, خدامة; Armenian: ծառա, սպասավոր; Aromanian: dul, huzmichear, shcljau; Azerbaijani: qulluqçu, nökər, xidmətçi; Bashkir: хеҙмәтсе; Belarusian: слуга, служанка, прыслужнік, прыслужніца, служка; Bengali: নোকর, চাকর; Bole: buda; Breton: servijour, servijourez; Bulgarian: слуга, прислужник, прислужница, служител, служителка; Burmese: အစေအပါး; Catalan: servent, criat; Chinese Mandarin: 僕人, 仆人, 傭人, 佣人, 奴僕, 奴仆, 奴役; Cimbrian: diinar, diinaren; Czech: sluha, služebný, služka; Danish: tjener; Dutch: [[hulp]], [[hulpje]], [[huishoudhulp]], [[bediende]], [[knecht]], meid, dienaar; Erzya: вардо, варданка; Estonian: teenija, sulane; Finnish: palvelija; French: [[serviteur]], [[domestique]], [[servante]]; Friulian: sierf, famei, servidôr; Galician: servente, criado; Georgian: მსახური; German: [[Diener]], [[Dienerin]], [[Lakai]], [[Kammerdiener]], [[Zofe]], Bediensteter, Bediener, Dienstbote; Knecht, Magd; Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃; Greek: [[υπηρέτης]]; Ancient Greek: [[θεράπων]], [[θεράπαινα]]; Hausa: yaro; Hebrew: מְשָׁרֵת; Higaonon: kabulig; Hindi: नौकर, चाकर, नौकरानी, सेवक, भृत्य, मुलाज़िम; Hungarian: szolga, cseléd; Icelandic: þjónn; Indonesian: pembantu; Irish: seirbhíseach, searbhónta; Italian: [[servo]], [[servitore]], [[domestico]], [[famiglio]]; Japanese: 使用人, 召使い; Javanese: réwang, réncang; Kazakh: даяшы, малай, қызметші; Khmer: អ្នកបំរើ, សេវកៈ, បាវ, ព្រាវ; Korean: 하인(下人), 머슴, 사용인(使用人); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: benî, kole, noker; Kyrgyz: кызматчы, кул, малай; Lao: ຂະຍົມ, ຂ້າ, ບ່າວ; Latin: [[minister]], [[ministra]], [[famulus]], [[famula]]; Latvian: kalps, kalpone, sulains; Lithuanian: tarnas; Macedonian: слуга, служител, служителка; Malay: hamba, khadam; Maltese: ħaddiem; Maore Comorian: mutru wa hazi; Maori: hāwini, tūmau; Middle English: serjaunt, servaunt; Mongolian Cyrillic: зарц; Mongolian: ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ; Navajo: naalʼaʼí; Norwegian Bokmål: tjener; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: слоуга, слоужитель; Old East Slavic: слуга; Old English: þeġn; Pali: sevaka; Pashto: خدمتګار, نوکر, خادم; Persian: خدمتکار, نوکر, خادم; Plautdietsch: Deena; Polish: służący pers, służąca, sługa; Portuguese: [[empregado]], [[criado]], [[serviçal]]; Romanian: servitor, slugă, slujitor; Russian: [[слуга]], [[служанка]]; Sanskrit: सेवक, सेविका, भृत्य; Scottish Gaelic: searbhanta, seirbhiseach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: слуга, слу̀жа̄вка, слу̏шкиња; Roman: slúga, slùžāvka, slȕškinja; Sicilian: criatu, servu; Slovak: sluha, slúžka; Slovene: služabnik, služabnica, sluga, služkinja; Spanish: [[sirviente]], [[criado]], [[mozo]], [[doméstico]], [[empleado]]; Swahili: mtumishi; Swedish: betjänt, tjänare; Tajik: хизматгор, пешхизмат, чокар, навкар; Tatar: хезмәтче; Thai: ข้า, บ่าว, ภัจ, คนรับใช้, เสวก, คนใช้, ภฤตย์; Tibetan: བྲན་གཡོག; Tigrinya: ከዳሚ; Tocharian B: mañiye, mañiya; Turkish: hizmetçi, uşak, kul; Turkmen: gullukçy, hyzmatkär; Ukrainian: слуга, служниця; Urdu: نوکر, چاکر, نوکرانی, خادم, ملازم; Uyghur: خىزمەتچى, مالاي; Uzbek: xizmatkor, malay; Venetian: servidór, famegio, besariòl; Vietnamese: đầy tớ, người hầu; Yiddish: דינסט, קנעכט, באַדינער, באַדינערטע | ||
===[[helper]]=== | |||
Albanian: ndihmës; Arabic: مُسَاعِد; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܥܕܘܪܐ, ܥܕܘܪܬܐ, ܡܥܕܪܢܐ, ܡܥܕܪܢܝܬܐ; Armenian: օգնական; Azerbaijani: köməkçi, yardımçı; Bashkir: ярҙамсы; Belarusian: памочнік, памочніца; Bengali: সহায়ক; Bulgarian: помощник, помощничка, помощница, помагач, помагачка; Burmese: အကူ; Catalan: ajudant, ajudador; Chinese Mandarin: 幫手, 帮手, 助手; Czech: pomocník, pomocnice; Danish: hjælper; Dutch: [[helper]], [[helpster]]; Estonian: aitaja, abiline; Finnish: auttaja, avustaja, apuri, apulainen; French: [[assistant]], [[assistante]]; Georgian: დამხმარე, მშველელი; German: [[Helfer]], [[Helferin]]; Greek: [[βοηθός]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀμύντωρ]], [[ἀντιλήμπτωρ]], [[ἀντιλήπτωρ]], [[ἀοσσητήρ]], [[ἀρωγός]], [[βοαθόος]], [[βοηδρόμιος]], [[βοηδρόμος]], [[βοηθόος]], [[βοηθός]], [[ἐπαμύντωρ]], [[ἐπαρηγών]], [[ἐπαρωγός]], [[ἔπεργος]], [[ἐπίκουρος]], [[ἐπίρροθος]], [[ἐπιτάρροθος]], [[ξυνεργός]], [[παράκλητος]], [[παράσειρος]], [[παρασπιστής]], [[παραστάτις]], [[πάρεδρος]], [[ποδηγός]], [[συλλήπτωρ]], [[συμπαραστάτης]], [[ξυμπαραστάτης]], [[συμπράκτωρ]], [[συναρωγός]], [[συνέντης]], [[συνεργάτης]], [[συνεργάτις]], [[συνεργός]], [[συνέριθος]], [[τιμάορος]], [[τιμωρός]], [[ὑπηρέτας]], [[ὑπηρέτης]], [[ὑπουργός]]; Hebrew: עוֹזֵר; Hindi: सहायक; Hungarian: segítő, segéd; Ido: helpanto, helpero, helpisto; Indonesian: penolong; Irish: cúntóir; Italian: [[aiutante]], [[assistente]], [[supporto]], [[apprendista]]; Japanese: 助手, 手伝い, ヘルパー; Kazakh: көмекші; Khmer: អ្នកជំនួយ; Korean: 조수; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: alîkar; Kyrgyz: жардамчы; Ladino Latin: ayudador; Lao: ຜູ້ຊ່ວຍ; Latin: [[adiutor]], [[optio]], [[administer]]; Low German: Hölper, Hölpersche, Hölperin; Macedonian: помагач, помагачка, помошник, помошничка; Maori: uruora; Mongolian: туслагч; Ngazidja Comorian: mpveshezi; Pashto: مرستونی; Persian: دستیار, آسیستان; Plautdietsch: Halpa; Polish: pomocnik, pomocnica; Portuguese: [[ajudante]]; Romanian: ajutor, ajutoare; Russian: [[помощник]], [[помощница]], [[ассистент]], [[ассистентка]], [[подручный]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: помо̀ћнӣк, асѝстент; Roman: pomòćnīk, asìstent; Slovak: pomocník, pomocníca; Slovene: pomočnik, pomočnica; Spanish: [[ayudante]], [[ayudador]]; Swahili: msaidizi; Swedish: medhjälpare; Tajik: ёрдамчӣ; Tatar: ярдәмче; Telugu: సహాయకుడు; Thai: ผู้ช่วย; Turkish: yardımcı; Turkmen: kömekçi; Ukrainian: помічник, помічниця; Uyghur: ياردەمچى; Uzbek: yordamchi; Vietnamese: phó thủ; Volapük: yufan, hiyufan, jiyufan | |||
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