denique: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>dēnĭquē</b>: adv. etym. dub.; perh. dēnĭ, locative of de, and que.<br /><b>I</b> Orig. denoting [[succession]] in [[time]], and [[thereupon]], and [[then]], in the [[sequel]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. ([[rare]]—for syn. cf.: tum, [[demum]], [[tandem]], [[postremo]]): omnes negabant ... [[denique]] [[hercle]] jam pudebat, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8: risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me, id. Eun. 3, 1, 42: [[ille]] imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem, Caes. B. G. 7, 64: [[ferme]] ut [[quisque]] rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt [[post]] principia [[denique]], Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory [[formula]]: [[quid]] [[denique]] agitis? and [[what]] did [[you]] do [[then]]? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Pregn., [[ending]] a [[period]], at [[last]], at [[length]]; [[lastly]], [[finally]]: [[boat]] [[caelum]] fremitu virum ... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat [[manus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120: [[nisi]] [[quia]] [[lubet]] experiri, quo evasuru 'st [[denique]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71: Nil nostri miserere? mori me [[denique]] coges, Verg. E. 2, 7: [[quid]] jam [[misero]] mihi [[denique]] restat? id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or [[tandem]]: boni [[nescio]] [[quomodo]] tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa [[denique]] [[necessitate]] excitantur, Cic. Sest. 47: [[victus]] [[denique]] ad postremum est, Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et [[tandem]] [[denique]] devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Sometimes of [[that]] [[which]] happens [[after]] a [[long]] [[delay]] = [[tandem]]: quae (sc. urbana) ego diu [[ignorans]], ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. [[denique]] cognovi, Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8: [[aliquam]] mihi partem [[hodie]] operae des [[denique]], jam [[tandem]] ades [[ilico]], Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With the particles tum, [[nunc]], or an abl. of [[time]] ([[nearly]] = [[demum]]), [[just]]. [[precisely]]: tum [[denique]] homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39: qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum [[denique]], si [[necessitate]] cogentur? etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 6; so tum [[denique]], id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.; and separated, id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.: [[tantum]] accessit, ut mihi [[nunc]] [[denique]] [[amare]] videar, [[antea]] dilexisse, id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13: ne is, de cujus [[officio]] [[nemo]] [[umquam]] dubitavit, sexagesimo [[denique]] [[anno]] dedecore notetur, id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Like [[demum]] [[with]] pronouns, to [[give]] [[emphasis]]: si [[qua]] metu dempto casta est, ea [[denique]] casta est, Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3: is [[enim]] [[denique]] [[honos]] mihi videri solet, qui, etc., Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.: eo [[denique]], Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With vix ([[like]] vix [[demum]]): posita vix [[denique]] [[mensa]], Ov. Her. 16, 215.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in enumerations.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Like [[dein]] ([[deinde]]) followed by [[postremo]], or ad postremum ([[rare]]): [[denique]] sequitur ... [[postremo]] si est, etc., Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113: omnes urbes, agri, regna [[denique]], [[postremo]] [[etiam]] vectigalia vestra venierint, Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4: [[primum]] illis cum Lucanis [[bellum]] fuit .. Denique [[Alexander]] rex Epiri .. cum omnibus copiis ab his [[deletus]] est .. ad postremum [[Agathocles]], etc., Just. 23, 1, 15. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Pregn., to [[introduce]] the [[last]] of a [[series]], [[finally]], [[lastly]], in [[fine]] (the [[usual]] [[meaning]] of the [[word]]; cf.: [[postremo]], [[novissime]], ad extremum): [[consilium]] ceperunt ... ut [[nomen]] hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent ... [[denique]] ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: [[cur]] [[etiam]] [[secundo]] [[proelio]] aliquos ex suis amitteret? [[cur]] vulnerari pateretur [[optime]] de se meritos milites? [[cur]] [[denique]] fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2: aut [[denique]], Cic. Arch, 6, 12: qui [[denique]], id. Rep. 1, 17: tum [[denique]], Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.: cum de moribus, de virtutibus, [[denique]] de republica disputet ([[Socrates]]), Cic. Rep. 1, 10: mathematici, poetae, musici, medici [[denique]], etc., id. Fin. 5, 3, 7: [[denique]] [[etiam]], id. Fl. 4, 9: [[primum]] omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: [[deinde]] magnos animos esse in bonis viris ..: deos [[denique]] immortales. [[auxilium]] esse laturos, id. Cat. 2, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Freq. in ascending to a [[climax]], or to a [[higher]] or [[more]] [[general]] [[expression]], in a [[word]], in [[fine]], in [[short]], [[briefly]], [[even]], in [[fact]], [[indeed]]: [[quis]] hunc hominem [[rite]] dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui [[denique]] cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit? Cic. Rep. 2, 26: [[nemo]] [[bonus]], [[nemo]] [[denique]] [[civis]] est, qui, etc., id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.: pernegabo [[atque]] obdurabo, perjurabo [[denique]], Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.: [[numquam]] tam [[mane]] [[egredior]], [[neque]] tam vesperi domum revortor, [[quin]] te in [[fundo]] conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere [[denique]], Heaut. 1, 1, 15: [[quod]] [[malum]] majus, seu [[tantum]] [[denique]]? Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2: ne nummi pereant, aut [[pyga]] aut [[denique]] [[fama]], Hor. S. 1, 2, 133: haec [[denique]] ejus fuit postrema [[oratio]], Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. [[emphatic]] [[with]] [[ipse]]: [[arma]], [[tela]], locos, tempora, [[denique]] naturam ipsam [[industria]] vicerat, Sall. J. 76: hoc [[denique]] ipso [[die]], Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, [[prius]] [[flamma]], [[prius]] [[denique]] omnia, [[quam]], etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.: [[quidquid]] [[denique]], Cels. 2, 28, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]] (esp. in the jurists), to [[denote]] an [[inference]], in [[consequence]], [[therefore]], [[accordingly]]: hujus victoriae [[callide]] dissimulata [[laetitia]] est: [[denique]] non solita sacra [[Philippus]] [[illa]] [[die]] fecit, etc., Just. 9, 4, 1: pulcherrima Campaniae [[plaga]] est: [[nihil]] mollius [[caelo]]: [[denique]] bis floribus vernat, Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a [[decision]] for a [[position]] [[assumed]]: [[denique]] [[Scaevola]] ait, etc., Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14: exstat [[quidem]] [[exemplum]] ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) [[caecus]]: [[Appius]] [[denique]] [[Claudius]] [[caecus]] consiliis publicis intererat, ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In [[class]]. [[usage]] [[denique]] includes the connective -que; [[once]] in Plaut. and [[often]] in [[late]] Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: [[atque]] hoc [[denique]], Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18: [[aurum]], [[argentum]], et [[denique]] aliae res, Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.

{{Georges

|georg=dēnique, Adv. I) und [[nun]] [[gar]], [[nun]] [[gar]], 1) in der Aufzählung od. [[Reihenfolge]] [[von]] Tatsachen od. Argumenten, so daß es den letzten [[oder]] vorletzten [[Fall]] (wo [[dann]] [[noch]] [[postremo]] folgt) an die vorhergehenden anreiht u. die Partikeln [[primum]], [[deinde]], tum u. ähnliche [[oft]] [[vorangehen]], [[endlich]], [[zuletzt]], [[auch]] ([[ohne]] vorhergehende Partikeln) und [[außerdem]] [[auch]], Cic. [[post]] red. ad Quir. 16; Cat. 2, 19. Ter. Hec. 123: [[ohne]] vorherg. Partikeln, Cic. Rosc. Am. 28; Mil. 100; de fin. 5, 7.<br />'''2)''' in der Aufzählung [[von]] dem, [[was]] [[nacheinander]] od. [[als]] [[Folge]] [[des]] Vorhergehenden geschieht, und [[sonach]], und [[sodann]], und [[dann]], Sall. hist. fr. 1, 48 (51), 1. Ter. eun. 432 u. Hec. 806. – [[auch]] [[für]] [[deinceps]], [[hintereinander]], [[nach]]-, in der [[Reihe]], Plaut. Pers. 452.<br />'''3)''' [[bei]] [[Andeutung]] der Dinge, die [[man]] [[als]] Ergebnisse der vorangegangenen ansieht, am [[Ende]], [[nisi]] [[quia]] [[lubet]] experiri, [[quo]] evasurust d., Plaut. trin. 938; u. so Ter. Andr. 567; eun. 158; heaut. 569. Verg. Aen. 2, 70. – [[ebenso]] [[bei]] Dingen, die [[anfangs]] [[ein]] anderes [[Resultat]] zu [[geben]] schienen, am [[Ende]], am [[Ende]] [[doch]], Hor. de art. poët. 267. Cael. in Cic. ep. 8, 6, 2. – dah. [[auch]], [[wie]] am [[Ende]], in der [[Ironie]] und in Äußerungen [[des]] Unwillens, Cic. Phil. 13, 35; Rosc. Am. 81. Liv. 4, 40, 8 sq. – [[auch]] [[bei]] [[Andeutung]] [[von]] [[etwas]] [[längst]] Erwartetem, [[was]] [[nun]] [[endlich]] eintritt, [[nun]] [[endlich]] [[einmal]], [[endlich]] [[doch]], Plaut. mil. 1030. Cic. ad Att. 5, 20, 8.<br />'''4)''' beim Übergange zu einem allgemeinen Begriffe, [[überhaupt]] od. ja, [[qui]] [[non]] civium, [[non]] d. hominum [[numero]] essent, Liv. 4, 56, 11; u. so Cic. Pis. 45. – [[ebenso]] [[vel]] [[denique]], [[oder]] [[überhaupt]], Hor. ep. 2, 2, 127. – dah. in der Steigerung, ja, ja [[sogar]], und [[sogar]], pernegabo [[atque]] obdurabo, periurabo d., Plaut. asin. 322: u. so Cic. Quinct. 51; Verr. 5, 69: d. [[hercle]] aufugerim [[potius]], [[quam]] redeam, ja wahrhaftig, Ter. Hec. 424. – in Fragen Cic. Quinct. 74; Rosc. Am. 108. – [[ebenso]] [[aut]] [[denique]], [[oder]] [[sogar]], Caes. b. G. 2, 33, 2. – Im [[Gegensatz]] das, [[worauf]] es ankommt, anfügend, [[aber]] [[was]] die [[Hauptsache]] ist, Cic. Acad. 2, 87.<br />'''5)''' um die [[Rede]] [[nach]] [[Erwägung]] mehrerer einzelner Dinge in einem umfassenden Urteile abzuschließen, wo entweder das hinzugefügt wird, [[was]] die ganze [[Gattung]] umfaßt, (und) [[überhaupt]], [[überhaupt]] [[aber]], Ter. eun. 444. Cic. de or. 2, 317; II. Verr. 1, 70. Nep. Pel. 4, 3. Tac. ann. 1, 61. – od. [[man]] angibt, daß [[eins]] [[für]] alle stehe und [[mit]] wenigen Worten zu [[umfassen]] [[sei]], [[kurz]], [[mit]] einem Worte, griech. ὡς επος εἰπειν, ιλως, Nep. regg. 2, 2. Vell. 2, 113. Plin. ep. 2, 9, 3. – dah. zur Schließung [[einer]] Auseinandersetzung, die [[Folge]] [[von]] allem dem, [[mit]] einem Worte, [[kurzum]], Hor. de art. poët. 23. Hor. [[sat]]. 1, 1, 92 u. 1, 1, 106. – [[auch]] d. [[omnia]] u. [[omnia]] d., [[überhaupt]] alles, Cic. Phil. 13, 49. Plin. ep. 7, 9, 13: so [[auch]] [[quidquid]] d., Cels. 2, 28, 1.<br />'''6)''' [[nach]] einem gesetzten [[Fall]] die [[Darlegung]] [[durch]] dargebrachte Beweise u. Beispiele [[mit]] [[einer]] gewissen Schlußfolge durchzuführen, [[infolgedessen]], [[Flor]]. 1, 16, 3. Iustin. 9, 4, 1. – dah. [[durch]] Anführung ähnlicher Fälle od. Beispiele od. neuer Beweise od. [[durch]] den [[Ausspruch]] eines Schriftstellers bestätigend od erläuternd, [[auf]] diese [[Weise]], [[auf]] die [[Art]], so [[auch]], od. [[mit]] [[einer]] Schlußfolge: [[infolgedessen]], [[oft]] [[bei]] ICt.: viell. [[auch]] Iustin. 11, 11, 4.<br />'''II)''' (der [[Bedeutung]] [[von]] [[demum]] nahekommend, vgl. d. W. no. I) [[nun]] [[eben]], [[dann]] [[eben]], [[erst]], 1) zur nachdrücklichen Hervorhebung eines Zeitpunkts, mortuo d., [[erst]] [[nach]] [[dessen]] Tode, Cic. Mil. 34: octavo d. mense, [[erst]], Caes. b. c. 1, 5, 2; so [[nunc]] [[denique]], [[jetzt]] [[erst]], Cic. ep. 9, 14, 5; [[jetzt]] [[eben]], Ov. art. am. 3, 121. – tum d., [[dann]] [[erst]], Cic. de legg. 2, 10; Tusc. 3, 75; [[dann]] [[eben]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 39; de fin. 3, 76.<br />'''2)''' zur nachdrücklichen Hervorhebung eines Pronomens, [[eben]], [[gerade]], Ov. am. 3, 4, 3. Cic. ep. 10, 10, 4. Quinct. 11, 38.

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