spiritus: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>spīrĭtus</b>: ūs (scanned spĭrĭtus, Sedul. Hymn. 1<br /><b>I</b> fin.; dat. SPIRITO, Inscr. Orell. 3030; gen., dat., and abl. plur. [[only]] eccl. and [[late]] Lat., e. g. spirituum, Vulg. Marc. 6, 7: spiritibus, Aug. Serm. 216, 11 fin.; Vulg. Luc. 8, 2), m. [[spiro]], a [[breathing]] or [[gentle]] blowing of [[air]], a [[breath]], [[breeze]] (syn.: [[aura]], [[flatus]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: spiritum a [[vento]] [[modus]] separat: vehementior [[enim]] [[spiritus]] [[ventus]] est, [[invicem]] [[spiritus]] [[leviter]] [[fluens]] aër, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5: [[spiritus]] Austri [[Imbricitor]], Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114: Boreae, Verg. A. 12, 365: quo [[spiritus]] non pervenit, Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; cf.: silentis vel placidi [[spiritus]] [[dies]], Col. 3, 19 fin.: [[alvus]] cum [[multo]] spiritu redditur, Cels. 2, 7 med.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[air]]: [[imber]] et [[ignis]], [[spiritus]] et [[gravis]] [[terra]], Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.): proximum (igni) [[spiritus]], quem [[Graeci]] nostrique [[eodem]] vocabulo aëra appellant, Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10: [[quid]] tam est [[commune]] [[quam]] [[spiritus]] vivis? Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72; cf. Quint. 12, 11, 13: potestne [[tibi]] haec lux, [[Catilina]], aut hujus caeli [[spiritus]] esse jucundus? Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An [[exhalation]], [[smell]], [[odor]]: [[spiritus]] unguenti [[suavis]], Lucr. 3, 222: foedi odoris, Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.: florum, Gell. 9, 4, 10: sulfuris, Pall. Aug. 9, 1; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Breathed [[air]], a [[breath]]: quojus tu legiones difflavisti spiritu, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17.—Absol.: ([[equus]]) [[saepe]] jubam quassit [[simul]] altam: Spiritus ex animā [[calida]] spumas agit albas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 507 Vahl.): [[creber]] [[spiritus]], Lucr. 6, 1186: ardentes oculi [[atque]] [[attractus]] ab [[alto]] Spiritus, Verg. G. 3, 505: [[petitus]] imo [[spiritus]], Hor. Epod. 11, 10: in pulmonibus inest [[raritas]] ... ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136: diffunditur [[spiritus]] per arterias, id. ib. 2, 55, 138: animantium [[vita]] tenetur, [[cibo]], potione, spiritu, id. ib. 2, 54, 134: si spiritum ducit, vivit, id. Inv. 1, 46, 86: tranquillum [[atque]] otiosum spiritum ducere, id. Arch. 12, 30: longissima est [[complexio]] verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest, id. de Or. 3, 47, 182: [[versus]] multos uno spiritu pronuntiare, id. ib. 1, 61, 261: [[spiritus]] nec [[crebro]] [[receptus]] concidat sententiam, nec eo [[usque]] trahatur, [[donec]] deficiat, Quint. 11, 3, 53: lusit vir [[egregius]] ([[Socrates]]) [[extremo]] spiritu, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96; cf. id. Sest. 37, 79: quorum [[usque]] ad extremum spiritum est provecta [[prudentia]], id. Sen. 9, 27: quos [[idem]] Deus de suis spiritibus figuravit, Lact. Epit. 42, 3.—With gen.: ut filiorum suorum postremum spiritum [[ore]] excipere liceret, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; Cels. 4, 4; 3, 27; Col. 6, 9, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 68; 11, 3, 32; 11, 3, 53 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In abstr., a [[breathing]]: aspera [[arteria]] excipiat animam eam, quae ducta [[sit]] spiritu, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf. id. ib. 2, 55, 138: aër spiritu [[ductus]] alit et sustentat animantes, id. ib. 2, 39, 101: crevit [[onus]] [[neque]] habet quas ducat [[spiritus]] auras, Ov. M. 12, 517.—Esp.: spiritum intercludere (includere), to [[stop]] the [[breath]], [[suffocate]], [[choke]], etc.: lacrimae spiritum et vocem intercluserunt, Liv. 40, 16, 1; 40, 24, 7; so, includere, id. 21, 58, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[breath]] of a [[god]], inspiration: haec fieri non possent, [[nisi]] ea uno [[divino]] et continuato spiritu continerentur, by a [[divine]] inspiration, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 3, 11, 28; cf.: poëtam [[quasi]] [[divino]] quodam spiritu inflari, id. Arch. 8, 18.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[breath]] of [[life]], [[life]]: eum spiritum, quem naturae debeat, patriae reddere, Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20: vos [[vero]] qui extremum spiritum in victoriā effudistis, id. ib. 14, 12, 32: dum [[spiritus]] hos regit [[artus]], Verg. A. 4, 336; cf. Hor. C. 4, 8, 14: ne cum sensu doloris [[aliquo]] [[spiritus]] auferatur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: aliquem spiritu privare, Vell. 2, 87, 2: [[merula]] spiritum reddidit, to [[expire]], [[die]], id. 2, 22, 2: [[spiritus]] tenues vanescat in auras, Ov. H. 12, 85: non effundere mihi spiritum videbar, sed tradere, Sen. Ep. 78, 4: novissimum spiritum per [[ludibrium]] effundere, Tac. H. 3, 66 fin.; cf. [[supra]], I. B.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poet.,= [[suspirium]], a [[sigh]], Prop. 1, 16, 32; 2, 29 (3, 27), 38.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gram., a [[breathing]] or [[aspiration]] ([[asper]] and [[lenis]]), Prisc. p. 572 P.; Aus. Idyll. 12 de Monos. Graec. et Lat. 19. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[hiss]] of a [[snake]], Verg. Cul. 180.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> (Class.) A [[haughty]] [[spirit]], [[haughtiness]], [[pride]], [[arrogance]]; also, [[spirit]], [[high]] [[spirit]], [[energy]], [[courage]] (esp. freq. in the plur.; syn. animi).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing. (in the [[best]] [[prose]] [[only]] in gen. and abl., [[which]] are [[wanting]] in plur.): [[regio]] spiritu, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93: quem hominem! quā irā! quo spiritu! id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6: illos ejus [[spiritus]] [[Siciliensis]], id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 22: [[tantum]] fiduciae ac spiritūs, Caes. B. C. 3, 72: [[filia]] Hieronis, inflata [[adhuc]] regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu, Liv. 24, 22: [[patricii]] spiritūs [[animus]], id. 4, 42, 5: ex magnitudine rerum spiritum ducat, Quint. 1, 8, 5: corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis Spiritum et incessum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 311: cecidit [[spiritus]] [[ille]] [[tuus]], Prop. 2, 3, 2: spiritu [[divino]] [[tactus]], Liv. 5, 22, 5: non negaverim fuisse alti spiritūs viros, Sen. Ep. 90, 14.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: res gestae, [[credo]], meae me [[nimis]] extulerunt ac mihi [[nescio]] quos [[spiritus]] attulerunt, Cic. Sull. 9, 27: noratis animos ejus ac [[spiritus]] tribunicios, etc., id. Clu. 39, 109; cf.: unius tribuni militum animos ac [[spiritus]], id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66: tantos sibi [[spiritus]], sumpserat, ut ferendus non videretur, Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin. in re militari sumere, id. ib. 2, 4: nam [[Dion]] regios [[spiritus]] repressit, Nep. [[Dion]], 5, 5: cum [[spiritus]] [[plebes]] sumpsisset, Liv. 4, 54: si cui honores subdere [[spiritus]] potuerunt, id. 7, 40: remittant [[spiritus]], comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, etc., Cic. Fl. 22, 53: [[spiritus]] feroces, Liv. 1, 31: quorum se vim ac [[spiritus]] fregisse, id. 26, 24: cohibuit [[spiritus]] ejus [[Thrasea]], Tac. A. 16, 26: [[Antipater]], qui [[probe]] nosset [[spiritus]] ejus, Curt. 6, 1, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> (Mostly [[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]].) Spirit, [[soul]], [[mind]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: quoslibet occupat [[artus]] Spiritus, Ov. M. 15, 167; Tac. A. 16, 34: spiritum [[Phoebus]] mihi, [[Phoebus]] artem Carminis dedit, poetic [[spirit]] or inspiration, Hor. C. 4, 6, 29; cf.: mihi Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camenae [[Parca]] non [[mendax]] dedit, id. ib. 2, 16, 38: [[qualis]] Pindarico [[spiritus]] [[ore]] tonat, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 40: [[imperator]] generosi spiritŭs, Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149: [[avidus]] (i. e. τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν, the desiring, coveting [[soul]]), Hor. C. 2, 2, 10: [[quidam]] [[comoedia]] [[necne]] poëma Esset, quaesivere: [[quod]] [[acer]] [[spiritus]] ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest, Hor. S. 1, 4, 46: majoris operis ac spiritūs, Quint. 1, 9, 15: alti spiritūs plena, id. 10, 1, 44: [[virtus]] magni [[spiritus]] est et recti, Sen. Ep. 74, 29: qui [[spiritus]] [[illi]], Quis [[vultus]] vocisque [[sonus]], Verg. A. 5, 648.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: Coriolanus hostiles jam tum [[spiritus]] [[gerens]], Liv. 2, 35; Curt. 5, 8, 17.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Transf. ([[like]] [[anima]], and the Engl. [[soul]]), a [[beloved]] [[object]], Vell. 2, 123 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Spiritus, personified, a [[spirit]] ([[late]] Lat.); so, esp., Spiritus Sanctus or [[simply]] Spiritus, the Holy Ghost, [[Holy Spirit]], Cod. Just. 1, 1, 1; Aus. Ephem. 2, 18: jurare per Deum et per Christum et per Spiritum Sanctum, Veg. 2, 5: [[nocens]] [[ille]] Spiritus, an [[evil]] [[spirit]], Lact. 4, 27, 12: Spiritus nigri, [[evil]] spirits, Sedul. Carm. 3, 41.

{{Georges

|georg=spīritus, ūs, m. ([[spiro]]), der [[Hauch]], I) der [[Hauch]] = Lufthauch, [[Luftzug]], die wehende bewegte [[Luft]], 1) übh.: [[spiritus]] Boreae, Verg.: [[spiritus]] purior, Frontin. aqu.: [[semper]] aër spiritu [[aliquo]] movetur, Plin. ep.: [[quo]] [[spiritus]] [[non]] pervenit, [[Varro]]: [[circumfusus]] [[nobis]] [[spiritus]], Quint.: [[alvus]] redditur cum [[multo]] spiritu, Winden, Blähungen, Cels.: u. so digerere [[spiritum]], die Blähungen [[abtreiben]], Cels. – 2) das Einatmen der [[Luft]], das [[Atemholen]], der [[Atem]], caeli, Cic.: aër spiritu [[ductus]], Cic. – und die [[Luft]], [[insofern]] [[sie]] eingeatmet wird, [[quid]] [[tam]] est [[commune]] [[quam]] [[spiritus]] vivis? Cic.: [[noxius]] caeli [[spiritus]], ungesunde [[Luft]], Pallad. – 3) der [[Atem]], [[Hauch]], angustior, kurzer [[Atem]], Cic.: [[uno]] spiritu, in einem [[Atem]], Cic.: [[spiritum]] reddere, den [[Atem]] [[von]] [[sich]] [[geben]], Cic.: [[spiritum]] movere, [[atmen]], Cels.: [[spiritum]] trahere, [[Atem]] [[holen]], Cels., Curt. u.a. (s. Mützell Curt. 3, 6 [15], 10): [[spiritum]] intercludere, Liv. u. Curt.: [[spiritum]] includere, Liv. u. Plin.: [[spiritum]] intercipere, Sen. rhet.: quos [[idem]] [[deus]] de [[suis]] spiritibus figuravit, Lact. epit. 42, 3. – insbes., der [[Lebenshauch]], das [[Leben]], [[spiritum]] auferre, Cic.: [[extremum]] [[spiritum]] effundere in [[victoria]], Cic.: [[ultimum]] [[spiritum]] reddere, seinen [[Geist]] [[aufgeben]], Vell.: u. so [[spiritum]] patriae reddere, Cic., u. [[spiritum]] ponere, deponere, dimittere, Eccl. (s. Bünem. Lact. 4, 26, 31): [[ultimum]] [[spiritum]] trahere, Sen.: [[sub]] acerbissimi carnificis arbitrio [[spiritum]] ducere, [[hinschmachten]], Liv.: [[reliquum]] [[spiritum]] exhaurire (v. einem [[Schlag]]), Cic.: filiorum suorum [[postremum]] [[spiritum]] ore excipere, Cic.: quorum [[usque]] ad [[extremum]] [[spiritum]] est provecta [[prudentia]], Cic.: [[non]] effundere [[mihi]] [[spiritum]] videtur, [[sed]] tradere, Sen. – dah. a) das [[Seufzen]], Hor. epod. 11, 10. Prop. 1, 16, 32. – b) das Zischen der [[Schlange]], Ps. Verg. cul. 182 R. – c) [[als]] gramm. t.t., der Spiritus ([[asper]] od. [[lenis]]), [[Auson]]. edyll. 12. de litt. monos. 19. p. 138 Schenkl: sp. [[asper]] [[vel]] [[lenis]], Prisc. 2, 12. – d) der [[Ton]], [[Klang]], die [[Stimme]], Quint. – e) [[ein]] [[durch]] den [[Atem]] bestimmtes Zeitteilchen, Taktteilchen, Cic. de or. 3, 184. – 4) der [[Duft]], Dunft, die Ausdünstung, Lucr. u. Cels.: sp. [[pestilens]], Capit.: sp. florum, Gell.: aëris [[spiritus]] graves, [[böse]] [[Wetter]], [[Schwaden]] in der [[Erde]], Vitr. – II) prägn., der [[Geist]], A) die [[Seele]], 1) appell.: a) eig.: morte carens [[spiritus]], Ov.: [[dum]] [[spiritus]] hos regit [[artus]], Verg. – b) meton., der [[Geist]], die [[Seele]] = [[Person]], carissimi [[sibi]] [[spiritus]], Vell. 2, 123, 2: religiosissimus [[spiritus]] [[tam]] [[crudeliter]] [[vexatus]], Val. Max. 1, 1, 14. – 2) personif., der [[Geist]], Sen. ep. 41, 2: Spiritus [[sanctus]], [[Auson]]. ephem. 4. parecb. 18. p. 4 Schenkl. Cod. Iust. 1, 1, 1: u. so iurare per Deum et Christum et sanctum Spiritum ([[von]] den Soldaten, [[bei]] der [[Vereidigung]]), Veget. mil. 2, 5: [[nocens]] [[ille]] Spiritus, [[böse]] [[Geist]], Lact. 4, 27, 12: Spiritus nigri, die bösen Geister, Sedul. carm. 3, 41. – B) übtr.: 1) der hohe [[Geist]], die hohen Gedanken, im Guten u. Bösen, hochstrebender, kühner, unternehmender [[Sinn]], dah. [[auch]] [[Übermut]], [[Trotz]], [[Stolz]] usw., [[qui]] [[spiritus]] [[illi]] (Dat.), [[qui]] [[vultus]] etc., [[Geist]], [[Majestät]], [[Ansehen]], Verg.: [[spiritus]] [[regius]], Cic.: [[spiritus]] tribunicii, Cic.: [[spiritus]] [[patricii]], [[Kastengeist]], Adelstolz, Liv.: ingentis [[spiritus]] [[vir]], Liv.: spir. Dolabellae, anmaßendes [[Benehmen]], Cic.: [[res]] gestae [[mihi]] [[nescio]] quos [[spiritus]] attulerunt, Cic.: tantos [[sibi]] [[spiritus]], tantam arrogantiam sumpserat, ut ferendus [[non]] videretur, Caes.: [[etiam]] [[minus]] barbaro [[atque]] impotenti [[animo]] [[spiritus]] facere, [[übermütig]] [[machen]], Liv.: altiores [[spiritus]] sumere, höher [[hinauswollen]], Tac.: remittere [[spiritus]], comprimere animos suos, sedare arrogantiam, Cic.: multis [[saepe]] [[bellis]] fractos [[spiritus]] [[esse]], Liv.: [[cetera]] maioris operis ac [[spiritus]], [[von]] größerer [[Wichtigkeit]] und höherer [[Art]], Quint. 1, 9, 6. – 2) die [[Gesinnung]], hostiles, Liv. 2, 35, 6. – 3) der [[Unwille]], die [[Erbitterung]], der [[Zorn]], [[spiritus]] alcis mitigare, Tac. ann. 13, 21. – 4) der [[Hauch]] der [[Begeisterung]], der Geistesaufschwung, die [[Begeisterung]], der [[Enthusiasmus]], das [[Feuer]], [[divinus]], Liv.: poëticus, Quint.: [[mihi]] [[spiritum]] Graiae tenuem Camenae [[Parca]] dedit, Hor.: carent libri spiritu [[illo]] [[propter]] quem maiora [[eadem]] [[illa]], cum aguntur, [[quam]] cum leguntur, videri solent, Cic. – / spĭrĭtus [[gemessen]] [[bei]] Prud. cath. 10, 8. Sedul. hymn. 1, 100. – Genet. Plur. spirituum, Prisc. de vent. ([[Rose]] Anecd. 2. p. 53, 10): Dat. od. Abl. Plur. spiritibus, Vulg. Luc. 6, 18; 7, 21; 8, 2 u.a. Augustin. serm. 216, 11 extr. – Nbf. [[spiritum]], ī, n., Ital. act. apost. 16, 7, wov. Abl. spirito, Corp. inscr. Lat. 13, 1898.

}}