tergum: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>tergum</b>: i ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]] also [[tergus]], ŏris), n. (<br /><b>I</b> masc.: familiarem [[tergum]], Plaut. As. 2, 2, 53; cf. Non. 227, 23) [cf. Gr. [[τράχηλος]],> [[neck]]; perh. [[root]] [[τρέχω]],> to [[run]], the [[back]] of men or beasts (syn. dor [[sum]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergum]]: dabitur pol [[supplicium]] mihi de [[tergo]] vestre, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 75: vae illis virgis miseris quae [[hodie]] in [[tergo]] morientur meo, id. Capt 3, 4, 117: manibus ad [[tergum]] rejectis, Asin ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3: boum terga, id. N D. 2, 63, 159; cf. [[tergo]] poenae pendere Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6: [[tergo]] ac capite puniri, Liv 3, 55, 14.—Of cranes eaeque in [[tergo]] praevolantium Colla reponunt, Cic. N. D. 2 49, 125. — Of the [[dolphin]], Ov F 2, 113.— Of the [[crocodile]]: ejus terga cataphracta, Amm. 22, 15, 16.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergus]] [[aurea]] [[quam]] molli tergore vexit [[ovis]], Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 6: ut [[equa]] facilem sui tergoris ascensum praebeat, Col. 6, 37, 10.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> The [[back]] or [[hinder]] [[part]], the [[back]], [[rear]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp. in the phrases terga vertere or [[dare]], to [[turn]] the [[back]], pregn., for to [[take]] to [[flight]], to [[flee]]: omnes hostes terga verterunt; [[neque]] [[prius]] fugere destiterunt, [[quam]], etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 53; so, terga vertere, id. ib. 3, 19; 3, 21; id. B. C. 3, 63; and [[even]] of a [[single]] [[person]]: terga vertit, Sen. Ep. 22, 7: qui [[plures]] [[simul]] terga dederant, etc., Liv 22, 29, 5: terga [[dare]], id. 36, 38, 4: [[inter]] duas [[acies]] Etrusci, cum in vicem his [[atque]] illis terga darent, id. 2, 51, 9; Ov. M. 13, 224: terga fugae praebere, id. ib. 10, 706: terga praestare (fugae), Tac. Agr 37; Juv. 15, 75. — Trop. jam felicior [[aetas]] Terga dedit, tremuloque gradu venit aegra [[senectus]], Ov M. 14, 143.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: inflexo mox [[dare]] terga [[genu]], i. e. [[yield]] to the [[burden]], Prop. 3, 9 (4, 8), 6: praebere Phoebo terga, to [[sun]] itself, Ov. M. 4, 715: concurrit ex insidiis versisque in Lucretium Etruscis terga caedit, the [[rear]], Liv. 2, 11, 9; Flor. 4, 12, 7: terga Parthorum dicam, the [[flight]], Ov. A. A. 1, 209: terga [[collis]], Liv. 25, 15, 12; cf.: terga vincentium, Tac. Agr. 37: summi plena jam margine libri Scriptus et in [[tergo]] [[necdum]] [[finitus]] [[Orestes]], written on the [[back]], Juv. 1, 6: [[retro]] [[atque]] a [[tergo]], [[behind]] one, Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; cf.: a [[tergo]], a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur, id. Phil. 3, 13, 32: ut a [[tergo]] Milonem adorirentur, [[behind]], id. Mil. 10, 29; 21, 56; id. Verr 2, 5, 38, § 98: tumultum hostilem a [[tergo]] accepit, Sall. J. 58, 4; Caes. B. G 7, 87; Curt. 3, 1, 19; 3, 8, 27; 8, 5, 1: [[post]] [[tergum]] hostium legionem ostenderunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 62: ne nostros [[post]] [[tergum]] adorirentur, id. B. C. 3, 44: [[Germani]] [[post]] [[tergum]] clamore audito, id. B. G. 4, 15: [[post]] [[tergum]] hostem relinquere, id. ib. 4, 22: qui jam [[post]] terga reliquit Sexaginta annos, has [[left]] [[behind]] him, has passed, Juv. 13, 16: omnia jam diutino [[bello]] exhausta [[post]] [[tergum]] sunt, Curt. 4, 14, 11: omnia, quae [[post]] [[tergum]] erant, [[strata]], id. 3, 10, 7: tot amnibus montibusque [[post]] [[tergum]] objectis, id. 4, 13, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> The [[back]] of [[any]] [[thing]] [[spread]] [[out]] horizontally, as [[land]] or [[water]], i. e. the [[surface]] ([[poet]].): proscisso quae suscitat aequore terga, Verg. G. 1, 97: crassa, id. ib. 2, 236: [[amnis]], Ov. P. 1, 2, 82; Claud. B. G. 338; Luc. 5, 564; 9, 341.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> (Pars pro toto.) The [[body]] of an [[animal]] ([[poet]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergum]]: ([[serpens]]) Squamea convolvens sublato pectore terga, Verg. G. 3, 426; so of a [[serpent]], id. A. 2, 208; Petr 89; of [[Cerberus]], Verg. A. 6, 422: [[horrentia]] [[centum]] Terga suum, i. e. a [[hundred]] [[head]] of [[swine]], id. ib. 1, 635: nigrantis terga juvencos, id. ib. 6, 243: perpetui [[tergo]] [[bovis]], id. ib. 8, 183.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergus]]: resecat de tergore (suis) partem, of a [[chine]] of bacon, Ov. M. 8, 649: diviso tergore (juvenci), Phaedr. 2, 1, 11: squalenti tergore [[serpens]], Sil. 3, 209.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> The [[covering]] of the [[back]], the [[skin]], [[hide]], [[leather]], etc. (in this signif. [[tergus]] freq. occurs; syn.: [[pellis]], [[corium]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergum]]: taurino [[quantum]] possent circumdare [[tergo]], ox-[[hide]], Verg. A. 1, 368: ferre novae [[nares]] taurorum terga recusant, Ov. A. A. 2, 655.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergus]]: tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant, Verg. A. 1, 211; so Cels. 7, 25, 1; 8, 1 med.: durissimum dorso [[tergus]], Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 30; cf. id. 9, 35, 53, § 105; Col. 7, 4 fin.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., a [[thing]] made of [[hide]] or [[leather]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergum]]: venti [[bovis]] inclusi [[tergo]], i. e. in a [[bag]] made of a [[bull]]'s [[hide]], Ov. M. 14, 225; 15, 305: et feriunt molles taurea terga [[manus]], i. e. tymbals, id. F. 4, 342; so id. ib. 4, 212: Idae terga, Stat. Th. 8, 221: pulsant terga, id. Achill. 2, 154: rupit Terga novena boum, i. e. the [[nine]] thicknesses of [[bull]]'s [[hide]], Ov. M. 12, 97: [[tergum]] Sulmonis, Verg. A. 9, 412; 10, 482; 10, 718; [[hence]] [[even]]: per [[linea]] terga (scuti), id. ib. 10, 784 (v. the [[passage]] in [[connection]]): duroque intendere bracchia [[tergo]], i. e. [[cestus]], id. ib. 5, 403; so id. ib. 5, 419.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Form [[tergus]]: gestasset laevā taurorum tergora [[septem]], a [[shield]] [[covered]] [[with]] [[seven]] layers of [[hide]], Ov. M. 13, 347: Martis [[tergus]] Geticum, Mart. 7, 2, 2.

{{Georges

|georg=tergum, ī, n. (zu griech. [[τέρφος]], [[στέρφος]], [[Fell]], [[Leder]], [[bes]]. die Rückenhaut der Tiere), der [[Rücken]], der Menschen und Tiere (vgl. [[dorsum]]), I) eig. (poet. u. nachaug. Plur. terga [[auch]] vom [[Rücken]] [[einer]] Pers.): [[tuus]] [[deus]] digito [[non]] redundat, [[sed]] capite... [[tergo]], poplitibus, Cic.: [[manus]] ad [[tergum]] reicere, Asin. Poll. in Cic. ep.: [[manus]] [[post]] [[tergum]] religare, Vell.: retorquere [[tergo]] bracchia [[libero]], Hor.: [[tergo]] ac capite puniri, [[mit]] Ruten gehauen und geköpft [[werden]], Liv.: terga dare ([[hinhalten]]) verberibus, Pacat. pan.: [[aber]] terga vertere od. dare, [[fliehen]], Caes. u. Liv.: terga dare alci (hosti), [[vor]] jmd. [[fliehen]], [[von]] ihm in die [[Flucht]] geschlagen [[werden]], Liv. u. Curt.: terga praebere fugae, [[fliehen]], Ov.: terga caedere, [[hinten]] [[einhauen]], Liv.: praebere terga Phoebo, [[sich]] [[sonnen]], Ov.: in [[tergo]] haerere, im [[Nacken]] [[sitzen]] (v. Feinde), Liv.: u. so [[tergo]] inhaerere, Liv.: a [[tergo]], [[von]] [[hinten]], Cic.: [[post]] [[tergum]], [[hinten]], [[auf]] dem [[Rücken]], Phaedr. (u. noxio [[post]] terga deligantur [[manus]], Sen. rhet.): [[post]] terga, [[hinter]] [[sich]], Iuven.: a [[tergo]] [[esse]], im [[Rücken]] [[sein]] (v. [[Schatten]], Ggstz. antecedere), Sen. ep. 79, 13. – Plur. terga meton. = die [[Flucht]], terga Parthorum dicam, Ov. art. am. 1, 209. – II) übtr.: 1) der [[hinterste]] od. [[von]] [[uns]] abgewandte [[Teil]] [[einer]] [[Sache]], castris ab [[tergo]] [[vallum]] obiectum, [[von]] [[hinten]], Liv.: stare ab [[tergo]] ([[als]] Reserve), Liv.: cum Germaniam ad laevam et in fronte, Pannoniam ad dextram, a [[tergo]] sedium suarum haberet Noricos, Vell.: ad terga [[collis]], Liv.: so [[auch]] eines Buches, Iuven.: eines Baumes, Verg. – 2) die [[Oberfläche]] [[einer]] [[Sache]], zB. [[des]] Feldes, die aufgepflügte [[Erde]] [[zwischen]] den Furchen, Verg.: u. so terga crassa, Verg.: [[des]] Flusses, Ov.: [[des]] Meeres, Lucan. – 3) die [[Bedeckung]], [[Decke]], der [[Überzug]], clipei, Verg. Aen. 10, 482 u. 784. – 4) der [[Leib]], der [[Schlange]], Verg.: [[centum]] terga suum, [[hundert]] Schweine, Verg.: nigrantes terga iuvencos, [[Leib]] od. [[Haut]], Verg.: terga [[suis]] sordida, geräucherter Schweinsrücken, Ov. – 5) die [[Haut]], das [[Fell]], [[Leder]], a) eig.: taurinum, Verg.: terga ferarum, Tac.: taurorum terga recusant, [[Rindsleder]] od. [[etwas]] [[daraus]] Verfertigtes, Ov.: terga novena boum, Rindshäute [[des]] Schildes, Ov. – b) meton., das aus [[Fell]] od. [[Leder]] Bereitete, zB. der [[Schlauch]], Ov.: [[taurea]] terga, Handpauken, Ov.: Sulmonis, [[Schild]], Verg.: [[duro]] intendere brachia [[tergo]], den Cästus, Verg. – / Heteroklit. familiarem [[tergum]], Plaut. asin. 319 G. u. L.

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