λαλέω: Difference between revisions

|txtha=λαλῶ; [[imperfect]] 3rd [[person]] [[singular]] ἐλάλει, plural ἐλάλουν; [[future]] λαλήσω; 1st aorist ἐλάλησα; [[perfect]] λελάληκα; [[passive]], [[present]] λαλοῦμαι; [[perfect]] λελάλημαι; 1st aorist ἐλαλήθην; 1future λαληθήσομαι: (from [[Sophocles]] [[down]]); [[found]] in Biblical Greek [[much]] [[more]] [[frequent]] [[than]] in [[secular]] authors, in the Sept. times [[without]] [[number]] for דִּבֵּר or דִּבֶּר, [[more]] [[rarely]] for אָמַר; [[properly]], to [[utter]] a [[sound]] (cf. (onomatop. Lamentations - Lamentations, etc.) German lallen), to [[emit]] a [[voice]] [[make]] [[oneself]] [[heard]]; [[hence]] to [[utter]] or [[form]] words [[with]] the [[mouth]], to [[speak]], having [[reference]] to the [[sound]] and [[pronunciation]] of the words and in [[general]] the [[form]] of [[what]] is uttered. [[while]] λεγο refers to the [[meaning]] and [[substance]] of [[what]] is [[spoken]]; [[hence]] λαλεῖν is employed [[not]] [[only]] of men, [[especially]] [[when]] chatting and [[prattling]], [[but]] [[also]] of animals (of birds, Mosch. 3,47; of locusts, Theocritus, 5,34; λαλοῦσι [[μέν]], οὐ φραζουσι δέ, of dogs and apes, [[Plutarch]], mor. ii., p. 909a.), and so of [[inanimate]] things (as trees, Theocritus, 27,56 (57); of an [[echo]], [[Dio]] C. 74,21, 14). Accordingly, [[everything]] λεγόμενον is [[also]] λαλούμενον, [[but]] [[not]] [[everything]] λαλούμενον is [[also]] λεγόμενον ([[Eupolis]] in [[Plutarch]], Alc. 13 λαλεῖν [[ἄριστος]], ἀδυνατωτατος λέγειν); (the [[difference]] [[between]] the words is [[evident]] [[where]] [[they]] [[occur]] in [[proximity]], e. g. ὅσα ὁ [[νόμος]] λέγει, τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ λαλεῖ, and the [[very]] [[common]] ἐλάλησεν ... λέγων, λαλεῖν, to [[utter]] [[oneself]], enables us [[easily]] to [[understand]] its [[very]] [[frequent]] [[use]] in the [[sacred]] writers to [[denote]] the utterances by [[which]] G o d indicates or gives [[proof]] of his [[mind]] and [[will]], [[whether]] [[immediately]] or [[through]] the [[instrumentality]] of his messengers and heralds. (Perhaps [[this]] [[use]] [[may]] [[account]] in [[part]] for the [[fact]] [[that]], [[though]] in classic Greek λαλεῖν is the [[term]] for [[light]] and [[familiar]] [[speech]], and so assumes [[readily]] a [[disparaging]] [[notion]]: in Biblical Greek it is [[nearly]] ff [[not]] [[quite]] [[free]] from [[any]] [[such]] [[suggestion]].) Cf. Day. Schulz [[die]] Geistesgaben der ersten Christen, p. 94ff; Tittmann de Synonymis N. T., p. 79f; Trench, Synonyms, § lxxvi.; (and on classical [[usage]] Schmidt, Syn. 1:1). But [[let]] us [[look]] at the N. T. [[usage]] in [[detail]]:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[utter]] a [[voice]], [[emit]] a [[sound]]: of things [[inanimate]], as βρονταί, τάς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς added, [[each]] [[thunder]] uttered its [[particular]] [[voice]] (the [[force]] and [[meaning]] of [[which]] the [[prophet]] understood, cf. [[σάλπιγγος]] λαλούσης μετ' [[ἐμοῦ]], λέγων ( λέγουσα) followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]] to [[crave]] the [[pardon]] of sins, to [[call]] for [[vengeance]] ([[see]] [[κράζω]], 1at the [[end]]), λαλεῖ; (G L T Tr WH; the λαλεῖται [[must]] be taken as [[passive]], in the [[exceptional]] [[sense]] to be talked of, lauded; [[see]] [[below]], 5 at the [[end]] ([[πρᾶγμα]] κατ' ἀγοράν λαλούμενον, [[Aristophanes]] Thesm. 578, cf. [[πάντες]] αὐτήν λαλοῦσιν, Alciphro [[fragment]] 5, ii., p. 222,10 edition Wagner)).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[speak]], i. e. to [[use]] the [[tongue]] or the [[faculty]] of [[speech]]; to [[utter]] [[articulate]] sounds: [[absolutely]] [[τούς]] (T Tr WH [[omit]])) ἀλάλους λαλεῖν, ἐλάλει [[ὀρθῶς]], Prayer of Manasseh, μή δυνάμενος λαλῆσαι, [[στόμα]] ἔχουσι [[καί]] οὐ λαλήσουσι, to [[speak]], i. e. [[not]] to be [[silent]], opposed to holding [[one]]'s [[peace]], λαλεῖ [[καί]] μή σιωπήσῃς, ποιεῖν (as [[λόγος]] to [[ἔργον]] [[which]] [[see]] 3), to [[talk]]; of the [[sound]] and [[outward]] [[form]] of [[speech]]: τῇ [[ἰδίᾳ]] διαλέκτῳ, ἑτέραις καιναῖς γλώσσαις, Tr [[text]] WH [[text]] [[omit]] καιναῖς), from [[which]] the [[simple]] γλώσσαις λαλεῖν, and the [[like]], are to be [[distinguished]], [[see]] [[γλῶσσα]], 2.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[utter]], [[tell]]: [[with]] the accusative of the [[thing]], to [[use]] words in [[order]] to [[declare]] [[one]]'s [[mind]] and [[disclose]] [[one]]'s thoughts; to [[speak]]: [[absolutely]], [[ἔτι]] [[αὐτοῦ]] λαλοῦντος, [[κακῶς]], [[καλῶς]], ὡς [[νήπιος]] ἐλάλουν, ὡς [[δράκων]], [[στόμα]] [[πρός]] [[στόμα]], [[face]] to [[face]] (German mündlich), [[εἰς]] ἀέρα λαλεῖν, ἐκ [[τοῦ]] περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας τό στωμα λαλεῖ, [[out]] of the [[abundance]] of the [[heart]] the [[mouth]] speaketh, [[namely]], so [[that]] it expresses the [[soul]]'s thoughts, ἐκ [[τῶν]] ἰδίων λαλεῖν, to [[utter]] words in [[accordance]] [[with]] [[one]]'s [[inner]] [[character]], τί λαλήσω, λαλήσητε, etc., [[what]] I shall [[utter]] in [[speech]], etc., T Tr WH ἀποκριθῇ); τί, [[anything]], L T Tr [[text]] WH; [[οὐκ]] οἴδαμεν τί λαλεῖ, [[what]] he says, i. e. [[what]] the words uttered by him [[mean]] (WH brackets τί λαλεῖ), [[ταῦτα]], these words, τό λαλούμενον, [[τόν]] λόγον λαλούμενον, Buttmann, 302 (259) [[note]]); λόγους, ῤήματα, παραβολήν, βλασφημίας, L T Tr WH βλασφημεῖ); ῤήματα βλάσφημα [[εἰς]] τινα, ῤήματα ( adds βλάσφημα) [[κατά]] τίνος, σκληρά [[κατά]] τίνος, ὑπέρογκα, Theod.) τά μή δέοντα, ἅ μή [[θέμις]], [[εἰς]] τινα τά μή καθήκοντα, Winer's Grammar, 480 (448))); διεστραμμένα, τό [[ψεῦδος]], δόλον, ἀγαθά, σοφίαν, μυστήρια; [[ὅτι]] (equivalent to [[περί]] [[τούτου]], [[ὅτι]] etc. to [[speak]] of [[this]], viz. [[that]] [[they]] knew him ([[see]] [[ὅτι]], I:2 [[under]] the [[end]])), L [[text]] T Tr WH; ἐλάλησε λέγων (in [[imitation]] of [[Hebrew]] לֵאמֹר יְדַבֵּר (cf. [[above]] (at the [[beginning]]))), followed by [[direct]] [[discourse]]: λαλοῦσα [[καί]] λέγουσα, λαλῶ [[with]] the dative of [[person]] to [[speak]] to [[one]], [[address]] him ([[especially]] of teachers): to [[speak]] to, i. e. [[converse]] [[with]], [[one]] (cf. Buttmann, § 133,1): WH marginal [[reading]] [[only]]); ἑαυτοῖς (the dative of [[person]]) ψαλμοῖς [[καί]] ὕμνοις (dative of [[instrument]]), οὐ λαλεῖν τίνι is used of [[one]] [[who]] does [[not]] [[answer]], to [[accost]] [[one]], λαλῶ τί τίνι, to [[speak]] [[anything]] to anyone, to [[speak]] to [[one]] [[about]] a [[thing]] (of [[teaching]]): [[ἀρχή]], 1b.); ῤήματα, οἰκοδομήν [[καί]] παράκλησιν, things [[which]] [[tend]] to [[edify]] and [[comfort]] the [[soul]], promulgating a [[thing]] to [[one]], [[τόν]] νόμον, [[passive]] λαλῶ [[πρός]] τινα, to [[speak]] [[unto]] [[one]]: L marginal [[reading]] T WH); R G), 26,31; אֶל דִּבֵּר, λόγους [[πρός]] τινα, ἐλάλησαν [[πρός]] αὐτούς ἀυαγγελιζόμενοι ... Ἰησοῦν, ὅσα ἄν λαλήσῃ [[πρός]] [[ὑμᾶς]], σοφίαν ἐν [[τισίν]], [[wisdom]] [[among]] etc. λαλεῖν [[μετά]] τίνος, to [[speak]], [[converse]], [[with]] [[one]] (cf. Buttmann, § 133,3): λαλεῖν ἀλήθειαν [[μετά]] etc. to [[show]] [[oneself]] a [[lover]] of [[truth]] in [[conversation]] [[with]] others, λαλεῖν [[περί]] τίνος, [[concerning]] a [[person]] or [[thing]]: τίνι, dative of [[person]], added, τί [[περί]] τίνος, [[εἰς]] τινα [[περί]] τίνος (the genitive of the [[thing]]), to [[speak]] [[something]] as respects a [[person]] [[concerning]] a [[thing]], R G; [[εἰς]] τινα [[περί]] [[with]] the genitive of [[person]], ibid. L T Tr WH. Many of the examples [[already]] cited [[show]] [[that]] λαλεῖν is [[frequently]] used in the N. T. of teachers, — of Jesus, the apostles, and others. To those passages [[may]] be added, [[παρρησία]] added, [[ἐπί]] ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, [[ἐπί]], B. 2a. β.; τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου ([[where]] L T Tr WH prefix ἐν), of the prophets, [[ὄνομα]], 2f.); τίνι (to [[one]]) ἐν παραβολαῖς, ἐν παροιμίαις, ἐξ [[ἐμαυτοῦ]], to [[speak]] from [[myself]] (i. e. [[utter]] [[what]] I [[myself]] [[have]] [[thought]] [[out]]), ἀπ' [[ἐμαυτοῦ]] ([[see]] [[ἀπό]], II:2d. aa., p. 59{a}), ἐκ τῆς γῆς ([[see]] ἐκ, II:2 [[under]] the [[end]]), ἐκ [[τοῦ]] κόσμου, [[κόσμος]], 6); ἐκ Θεοῦ, prompted by [[divine]] [[influence]], λαλεῖν, [[τόν]] λόγον, to [[announce]] or [[preach]] the [[word]] of God or the [[doctrine]] of [[salvation]]: T WH marginal [[reading]] followed by [[εἰς]] [[τήν]] Πέργην; [[see]] [[εἰς]], A. I:5b.); [[τόν]] λόγον [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, τίνι [[τόν]] λόγον, παραβολαῖς added, τίνι [[τόν]] λόγον [[τοῦ]] κυρίου (WH [[text]] Θεοῦ), τίνι [[τόν]] λόγον [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, τά ῤήματα [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, τά ῤήματα τῆς ζωῆς, [[πρός]] τινα τό [[εὐαγγέλιον]] [[τοῦ]] Θεοῦ, λαλεῖν [[καί]] διδάσκειν τά [[περί]] [[τοῦ]] Ἰησοῦ (R G κυρίου), τό [[μυστήριον]] [[τοῦ]] Χριστοῦ, λαλεῖν is used of the O. T. prophets uttering [[their]] predictions: Buttmann, § 144,20, and p. 301 (258)); λαλεῖν ἐν τίνι: [[διά]] στόματος τίνος, [[διά]] Ἠσαΐου, λαλήσειν [[what]] it [[will]] [[teach]] the apostles, ὁ [[νόμος]] as a [[manifestation]] of God is said λαλεῖν τίνι [[what]] it commands, λαλεῖν, R G); to [[make]] [[known]] by [[speaking]], to [[speak]] of, [[relate]], [[with]] the [[implied]] [[idea]] of extolling: ([[see]] 1at the [[end]] [[above]])).<br /><b class="num">6.</b> Since λαλεῖν, [[strictly]] denotes the [[act]] of [[one]] [[who]] utters words [[with]] the [[living]] [[voice]], [[when]] writers [[speak]] of [[themselves]] or are [[spoken]] of by others as λαλοῦντες, [[they]] are conceived of as [[present]] and addressing [[their]] readers [[with]] the [[living]] [[voice]], λαλεῖν is used in the [[sense]] of [[commanding]], λαλεῖν is [[not]] [[found]] in the Epistles to Galatians and 2Thessalonians. (Compare: [[διαλαλέω]], [[ἐκλαλέω]], [[καταλαλέω]], [[προσλαλέω]], [[συλλαλέω]]; cf. the catalog of comp. in Schmidt, Syn., [[chapter]] i § 60.)