θύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), impf. [[ἔθυον]], Ep. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> θῦον <span class="bibl">Od.15.222</span>, Ion. θύεσκον <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω [ῡ</b>] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>909d</span>, <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>, Dor. θυσῶ <span class="bibl">Theoc. 2.33</span>; 3pl. θυσέοντι <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).452 (Thera): aor. ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Od.9.231</span>, etc., Ep. θῦσα <span class="bibl">14.446</span>: pf. τέθῠκα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>:—Med., fut. θύσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span> (as Pass., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.197</span>): aor. ἐθυσάμην <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>, (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.91</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. τῠθήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.S.16.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">DDeor.</span>4.2</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐτύθην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.155.2</span> (part. written θυθέν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>185</span>, cf. [[τὴν]] βοῦν τὴν θυθεῖσαν <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).241 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), etc.): pf. τέθῠμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>341</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1034</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>3.5.5</span> (in med. sense, <span class="bibl">5.1.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>): plpf. ἐτέθῠτο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.23</span>. [ῡ in fut. and aor., ῠ in pf. Act. and Pass., and aor. Pass.; ῡ generally in pres. and impf., exc. in trisyll. cases of part., θῠοντα <span class="bibl">Od.15.260</span>, θύοντες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>491</span>, but θύεσκε <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>; [[ἔθύε]], [[θύων]], <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>,<span class="bibl">13.69</span>; [[θύειν]], at the end of a line, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span> (s. [[varia lectio|v.l.]], fort. [[θύη]]), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>334</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>792</span> (spoken by a Megarian); [[θύεις]], [[θύω]], <span class="bibl">Strato Com.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">20</span>; [[θύωντι]] 3pl. pres. subj., <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.21</span>.] </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> Act., [[offer by burning]] meat or drink to the gods (τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>14c</span>), θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει Πάτροκλον... ὁ δ' ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.219</span>, cf. Aristarch. ap. Sch.adloc., <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>7D. (ap. <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.74</span> B.); <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρ γματα θῦσε θεοῖς</b>, of a drink offering, <span class="bibl">Od.14.446</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.260</span>; so <b class="b3">ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τῶν τυρῶν</b>) [[made an offering]] of cheese, <span class="bibl">9.231</span>; θ. ἀκρόθινα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>; [[πέλανον]], [[δεῖπνα]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>204</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>109</span>; [[πυρούς]], [[ναστούς]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl">567</span>: c. dat. rei, <b class="b3">θ. τούτῳ ὅ τι ἔχοι ἕκαστος</b> (with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[τοῦτο]]) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[sacrifice]], [[slay]] a victim, [<b class="b3">τῷ ἡλίῳ] θ. ἵππους</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἵπποισι]]) ib. <span class="bibl">216</span>; ταῦρον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.69</span>; αὑτοῦ παῖδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1417</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>532</span>, etc.; ἱρά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.59</span>; ἱερεῖα <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. θῦμα, θυσίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>290e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 362c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. διαβατήρια, ἐπινίκια</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>24</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>, etc.:—Pass., <b class="b3">τὰ τεθυμένα</b> [[the flesh of the victim]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.14</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ τεθ. ἱερά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.5.5</span>; τὰ θυόμενα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span>15.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> simply, [[slaughter]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Is.</span>22.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[offer sacrifice]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>.al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>594</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>161.2</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1159</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖσι θεοῖσι θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">8.138</span>; θεῶν ἕνεκα <span class="bibl">Men.129.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[celebrate]] with offerings or sacrifices, <b class="b3">σῶστρα θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.118</span>; γενέθλια Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.121c; Λύκαια, Ἡράκλεια <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.86</span>; ἐλευθέρια <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>55</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> c. dupl.acc., <b class="b3">εὐαγγέλια θ. ἑκατὸν βοῦς</b> [[sacrifice]] a hundred oxen [[for]] the good news, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>656</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">Ἑστίᾳ θύειν</b>, [[proverb|prov.]] of niggards, because sacrifices to Hestia admitted no one to share the offering, <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Med., [[cause]] a victim to [[be offered]], τῶν θυμάτων ὧν δεῖ θύεσθαι καὶ παρίστασθαι <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.65 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: hence freq. abs., [[consult the gods]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.189</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ</b>, i.e. on marching [[against]]…, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.44</span>, <span class="bibl">9.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>; <b class="b3">θύεσθαι ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">6.4.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.6.27</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">θ. ἰέναι</b> [[offer sacrifice]] [to learn] whether to go or not, ib.<span class="bibl">2.2.3</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐθυόμην εἰ βέλτιον εἴη</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.31</span> (so in Act., [[ἔθυε]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐθύετο]]) <b class="b3"> τῷ Διί… πότερά οἱ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη</b>… ib.<span class="bibl">7.6.44</span>); <b class="b3">διαβατήρια θύεσθαι</b>, as in Act., <span class="bibl">Th.5.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[tear in pieces]], of wild beasts, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>137</span> (lyr.). (Hence [[θυμός]], cf. Skt. [[dhūmás]], Lat. [[fumus]] 'smoke', <b class="b3">θυμιάω, θύος, θυήλημα, τύφω</b>, perhaps [[θεῖον]] (A), Lat. [[suffire]]; cf. sq.)</span><br />(B) [ῡ], aor. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>:—[[rage]], [[seethe]], ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο λαίλαπι θύων <span class="bibl">Od.12.400</span>; <b class="b3">Ζέφυρος μεγάλῃ σὺν λαίλαπι θύων</b> ib. <span class="bibl">408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>621</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>874</span>; of a swollen river, <b class="b3">ὁ δ' ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων</b> [[seething]], <span class="bibl">Il.21.234</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψόσε θύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">324</span>; of a wind-swept sea, ὁ δ' ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων <span class="bibl">23.230</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>109</span>,<span class="bibl">131</span>; of the wake of a ship, κῦμα δ' ὄπισθε πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε <span class="bibl">Od.13.85</span>; <b class="b3">δάπεδον δ' ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν</b> the ground [[seethed]] with blood, <span class="bibl">11.420</span>, <span class="bibl">22.309</span>; of persons, [[storm]], [[rage]], ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ' ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει <span class="bibl">Il.1.342</span>; ἔγχεϊ θῦεν <span class="bibl">11.180</span>; κασιγνήτα μένει θύοισα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.33</span>; θύουσαν Ἅιδου μητέρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1235</span>; πυκνὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη ἔντοσθεν ἔθυεν <span class="bibl">A.R.3.755</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἔθυιεν]]): c.inf., [[desire eagerly]], [[ἐνισπεῖν]] ib.<span class="bibl">685</span>; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>; of a serpent, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>129</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[θυίῃσι]]). [ῡ always: for <b class="b3">θύμενος [ῠ</b>] is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[σύμενος]] in Pratin.Lyr.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>.] [[θυίω]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) should perhaps be preferred in later Ep., and is cj. in Pi.l.c. (Cf. Lett. [[dusmas]] (pl.) 'anger', dusēt 'puff', 'pant', Lat. [[furo]] (fr. dhǔs-), [[θύελλα]], [[θυίω]], [[θυιάς]] (orig. [[madwoman]]); prob. cogn. with foreg.)</span>