σῶμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό (Arc. dat. pl. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> σωμάτεσι <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).357.156 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.)), [[body]] of [[man]] or [[beast]], but in Hom., as Aristarch. remarks (v. Apollon.<span class="title">Lex.</span>), always [[dead body]], [[corpse]] (whereas the [[living]] [[body]] is [[δέμας]]), ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας <span class="bibl">Il.3.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.161</span>; ς. δὲ οἴκαδ' ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν <span class="bibl">7.79</span>; σ. κατελείπομεν ἄθαπτον <span class="bibl">Od.11.53</span>; ὦν . . σώματ' ἀκηδέα κεῖται <span class="bibl">24.187</span>; so also in <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>426</span>, <span class="bibl">Simon.119</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.167</span>, <span class="bibl">Posidon.14</span> J., <span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>15.43, etc.; τὸ σῶμα τοῦ τεθνεῶτος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>469d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>524c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.43.65</span>; σ. νεκρόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>51.7</span> (ii A.D.); <b class="b3">νεκρὸν σῶμα</b> Gal.18(2).93, cf. [[νεκρός]] 11.1; μέγιστον σῶμα δειλαίας σποδοῦ = σῶμα μέγιστον ὃ νῦν σποδός ἐστι, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>758</span>; also later, Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>499 (ii/iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the [[living body]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>540</span>, <span class="bibl">Batr.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.650</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.56</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.139</span>, etc.; δόμοι καὶ σώματα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>896</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">γενναῖος τῷ σώματι</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>51</span>; <b class="b3">εὔρωστος τὸ σῶμα</b> <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.1.6</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα σῴζειν</b> or [[σῴζεσθαι]] = [[save]] one's [[life]], <span class="bibl">D.22.55</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.136</span>; [[διασῴζειν]] or [[διασῴζεσθαι]] <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.5.13</span>; περὶ πολλῶν σ. καὶ χρημάτων βουλεύειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.85</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ τοῦ σώματος ἀγωνίζεσθαι</b> for one's [[life]], <span class="bibl">Lys.5.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχειν τὸ σῶμα κακῶς, ἔχειν τὸ σῶμα ὡς βέλτιστα</b>, etc., to be in a [[bad]], a [[good]] [[state]] of [[bodily]] [[health]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.12.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3.12.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[body]], opp. [[spirit]] ([[εἴδωλον]]), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>131</span>; opp. [[soul]] ([[ψυχή]]), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>493a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>91d</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τοῦ σώματος ἔργα</b> [[bodily]] [[labour]]s, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span> 2.8.2</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί, αἱ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ἡδοναί</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1.5.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328d</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ εἰς τὸ σῶμα τιμήματα</b> [[bodily]] [[punishment]]s, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.139</span>; τὰ εἰς τὸ σῶμα ἀδικήματα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.193</span> (iii B.C.) . </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[animal body]], opp. plants, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 564a</span> (pl.); but of plants, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>15.38</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[civic rights]] (like Lat. [[caput]]), <span class="bibl">Lys.23.12</span>; <b class="b3">ἄτιμοι τὰ σώματα</b> <span class="bibl">And.1.74</span>; <b class="b3">μέρος ἠτιμῶσθαι τοῦ σώματος</b> <span class="bibl">D.51.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> in [[NT]], of the sacramental [[body]] of [[Christ]], τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμα μου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>10.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of the [[body]] of Christ's church, οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σ. ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>12.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐκκλησία ἥτις ἐστὶ τὸ σῶμα [τοῦ Χριστοῦ</b>] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>1.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[periphrasis]], [[ἀνθρώπου σῶμα ἓν οὐδέν]] = [[ἄνθρωπος]] οὐδὲ [[εἷς]] (no single person), <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; especially in Trag., <b class="b3">σῶμα θηρός</b>, = [[θήρ]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1568</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τεκέων σώματα</b>, = [[τέκνα]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>201</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ σὸν σῶμα</b>, = [[σύ]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>301</span>; rarely in sg. of many persons, σῶμα τέκνων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1108</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> a [[person]], [[human being]], <b class="b3">τὰ πολλὰ σώματα</b>, = [[οἱ πολλοί]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>676</span>; <b class="b3">λευκὰ γήρᾳ σώματα</b> <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">HF</span>909</span> (lyr.); σ. ἄδικα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>223</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>908a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span> 4.359.9</span> <span class="bibl">366.7</span> (iii B.C.), etc.; <b class="b3">ἑκάστου τοῦ σώματος</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.22.14; [[κατὰ σῶμα]] = [[per person]], PRev.Laws50.9 (iii B.C.); καταστήσαντες τὸ σῶμα ἀφείσθωσαν τῆς ἐγγύης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>70.12</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐργαζομένη αὑτῇ τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι</b> [[work]]ing for [[herself]], [[earn]]ing her own [[living]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>26.7</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">τὰ φίλτατα σώματα</b>, of children, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.78</span>; freq. of slaves, <b class="b3">αἰχμάλωτα σώματα</b> <span class="bibl">D.20.77</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).386.25 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), <span class="title">SIG</span>588.64 (Milet., ii B.C.), etc.; <b class="b3">οἰκετικὰ σώματα</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.16</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>633.88 (Milet., ii B.C.); δοῦλα <span class="bibl">Poll.3.78</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλεύθερα σώματα</b> <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.2.6.6</span>, etc.; later, [[σῶμα]] is used abs. for a [[slave]], PHib.1.54.20 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.12.16.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>18.13</span>, etc.; σ. γυναικεῖον, ᾇ ὄνομα . . <span class="title">GDI</span>2154.6 (Delph., ii B.C.); a usage censured by Poll.l.c. and Phryn.355; also of [[troops]], τὴν τῶν σωμάτων σύνταξιν <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.1.1</span>; μηχανήμασιν ἢ σώμασιν ἐναντιοῦσθαι ὧδε <span class="bibl">Id.32.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> generally, a [[body]], i.e. any [[corporeal]] [[substance]], <b class="b3">δεῖ αὐτὸ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸ ὄν</b>) σ. μὴ ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Meliss.9</span>; ἢ μέγεθός ἐστιν ἢ σ. ἐστιν <span class="bibl">Gorg.3</span>; <b class="b3">σῶμα ἄψυχον, σῶμα ἔμψυχον</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>288e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>265b29</span>, al.; ὁ λίθος σ. ἐστι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Vit.Auct.</span>25</span>; φασὶν οἱ μὲν σ. εἶναι τὸν χρόνον, οἱ δὲ ἀσώματον <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>10.215</span>; <b class="b3">κυκλικὸν σῶμα</b>, of one of the [[sphere]]s, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.162b</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τὸ πέμπτον σῶμα</b> the [[fifth]] [[element]], <span class="bibl">Philol.12</span>, <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.3.22, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>4.132c</span>; [[metallic]] [[substance]], Olymp. Alch.p.71 B. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Math., [[figure]] of [[three]] [[dimension]]s, [[solid]], opp. a [[surface]], etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>142b24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1020a14</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[body]] or [[whole]] of a thing, especially of [[complete]] [[part]]s of the [[body]], τὸ σῶμα τῶν νεφρῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>497a9</span>; τὰ σ. τῶν αἰσθητηρίων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>744b24</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα τῆς γαστρός, τῆς κοιλίας</b>, Gal.15.667,806; σ. παιδοποιόν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>17.42</span>: generally, the [[whole]] [[body]] or [[frame]] of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γᾶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 947</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα τοῦ παντός, τοῦ κόσμου</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>31b</span>. <span class="bibl">32c</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ, ποταμοῦ σῶμα</b> <span class="bibl">Chaerem.17</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα τῆς πίστεως</b> the [[body]] of the [[proof]], i.e. [[argument]]s, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1354a15</span>; τῆς λέξεως <span class="bibl">Longin.<span class="title">Rh.</span>p.188</span> H.; of a [[body]] of [[writing]]s, <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Att.</span>2.1.4</span>; [[text]] of a [[document]], opp. [[ὑπογραφή]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>187.12</span> (ii A.D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>34.20</span> (ii A.D.); of a will, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>494.30</span> (ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ξύλα σώματα</b> [[log]]s, opp. [[κλάδος|κλάδοι]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1738.3</span> (iii A.D.); σ. μέγα περσέας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">CPHerm.</span>7 ii 27</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"> iii 8</span> (iii A.D.).</span>