ἀμείβω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Il., Trag.: Ep. impf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ἄμειβον <span class="bibl">Il.14.381</span>: fut. -ψω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 23</span>: aor. [[ἤμειψα]], Ep. <b class="b3">ἄμειψα</b> [ᾰ] <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>275</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.3.280</span>; Dor. <b class="b3">ἄμ [ᾱ]</b> <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.38</span>; Trag.:—Med., impf. [[ἠμειβόμην]], Ep. ἀμ- <span class="bibl">Il.3.171</span>, etc.: fut. ἀμείψομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>517</span>: aor. [[ἠμειψάμην]], Ep. and Ion. ἀμ- <span class="bibl">Il.4.403</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.37</span>, al.:—Pass., fut. ἀμειφθήσεται Hsch.: aor. [[ἠμείφθην]] <span class="title">AP</span>7.589 (Agath.), <span class="bibl">638</span> (Crin.), etc. (in med. sense, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.102</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.27</span>): pf. ἤμειπται Gal.1.210: Ep. plpf. ἄμειπτο <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>44.241</span>.—Verb and compds. are almost exclus. poet. and Ion., but used once or twice in Pl. and X., and late Prose. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Act., [[change]], [[exchange]], (not Od.), ἔντε' ἄμειβεν <span class="bibl">Il.17.192</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">τί τινος</b>, as <b class="b3">γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων</b> [[changing]] one knee for other, i. e. walking slowly, ib.<span class="bibl">11.547</span>, etc.:—so either, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[give in exchange]], <b class="b3">ὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβε χρύσεα χαλκείων</b> ib. <span class="bibl">6.235</span>: c.acc., δάμαρτ' ἀμείψας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>46</span>: or more freq., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[take in exchange]], τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.17</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1382</span>; <b class="b3">πόσιν ἀντὶ σᾶς ἀμεῖψαι ψυχᾶς</b> [[redeem]] at that price, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>462</span>, etc.; μορφὴν ἀ. ἐκ θεοῦ βροτησίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>4</span>; ἀ. τὰν ἐμὰν [φυλακάν] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>527</span>; τιμὰν πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀμείψω Ibyc.24, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1019</span> (anap.) (prob.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in Att. often of [[place]], [[change]] it, so [[pass]], [[cross]], [[πορθμόν]], [[πόρον]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 69</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span> 144</span>, etc.:—hence, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> either [[pass out of]] a house, [[leave]] it, <b class="b3">ἀ. στέγας, δώματα</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1262</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>750</span>; or [[pass into]], [[enter]] it, ἀ. θύρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>571</span>: generally, πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 224b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prm.</span>138d</span>; v. infr. <span class="bibl">B.11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[change]], [[alter]], χρῶτα βαφῇ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>317</span>; χροιᾶς ἄνθος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>23</span>; ἐς κακοχυμίην ἤμειψε τὰ σπλάγχνα <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.13</span>: abs., <b class="b3">πολλὰ ἀ</b>. [[change]] colour, <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Caes.</span> 309a</span>; so Med., χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης <span class="bibl">Sol.27.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> causal, [[make]] others [[change]], τεύχε' ἄμειβον <span class="bibl">Il.14.381</span>; [[pass on]], [[hand on from one to another]], τέκνα . . διαδοχαῖς ἀμείβουσαι χεροῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1159</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[shift]], [[dislodge]], κακὸν κακῷ <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> rarely like Med. <span class="bibl">B.1.3</span>, [[repay]], [[return]], ἀ. χάριν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>729</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>793</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> intr. in part., ἀμείβοντες, οἱ, [[the interchangers]], i.e. [[rafters that meet and cross each other]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.712</span>, cf. Theo Sm.<span class="bibl">p.122</span> H., <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>37.588</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ἀμείβοντι</b>, = [[ἀμοιβάδις]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>11.42</span>:—so prob. ἀμείβει καινὸν ἐκ καινῶν τόδε [[succeeds]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1503</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Med., [[change one with another]], [[do in turn]] or [[alternately]], abs., ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον <span class="bibl">Il.9.471</span>; ἄειδον ἀμειβόμεναι ὀπὶ καλῇ <span class="bibl">1.604</span>; ὀρχείσθην . . ἀμειβομένω <span class="bibl">Od.8.379</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμειβόμενοι κατὰ οἴκους</b> at every house [[in turn]], <span class="bibl">1.375</span>, <span class="bibl">2.140</span>; ἄρουραι ἀμειβόμεναι [[ploughed and fallow in turn]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.9</span>; so <b class="b3">ἀμειβόμεναι ὁπλαῖς</b> [[alternating]], [[crosswise]], of the motion of the legs in horses or oxen, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.226</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλλα ἄλλοθεν ἀμείβεται</b> now [[comes]] one thing, now another [[in turn]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1108</span>; ἀμείβεται μιάσματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1267</span>: c. part., <b class="b3">θρῴσκων ἄλλοτ' ἐπ' ἄλλον ἀμείβεται</b> leaps [[in turn]]... <span class="bibl">Il.15.684</span>:—<b class="b3">ἀ. στενότητι</b> [[vary]] in narrowness, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of dialogue, ἀμείβεσθαι ἐπέεσσι [[answer one another]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.148</span>, etc.; in part., <b class="b3">ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε, προσηύδα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.3.437</span>, <span class="bibl">17.33</span>; ἀ. πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60c</span>odd.; <b class="b3">πρός τι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">58</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>903</span>: c. acc. pers. et dat. rei, <b class="b3">ἀ. τινα μύθῳ, μύθοις</b>, <span class="bibl">Od. 12.278</span>, <span class="bibl">2.83</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινα</b> alone, [[answer]] one, [[reply to]] him, <span class="bibl">Il.1.172</span>, etc.; τὸν λόγοις ἀμείφθη <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.102</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμείβετο τοῖσδε</b> in these words, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.35</span>, al.:—later c. acc. rei, τούτοις ἀμείβου . . εὐμαθές τι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>442</span>; ἔπος πρὸς ἔπος <span class="bibl">586</span>; μὴ σφριγῶντ' ἀμείψῃ μῦθον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>478</span>; ταῦτα ἀμείψατο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.37</span>: c. dupl. acc., ταῦτα τοὺς φίλους ἀμείψατο <span class="bibl">Id.2.173</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">3.52</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>195</span>; ἕν μ' ἄμειψαι μοῦνον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>991</span>; <b class="b3">τὸν δὲ . . μῆτιν . . ἀμείβετο</b> [[gave]] him counsel [[in reply]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span> 9.39</span>:—also late Prose, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[repay]], [[requite]], c. acc. pers. et dat. rei, δώροισιν ἀ. τινα <span class="bibl">Od.24.285</span>; χρηστοῖσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.41</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.97</span>; ὁμοίοις <span class="bibl">D.20.6</span>; ἀμείβομαί σε τῷ φυγεῖν τὴν οἰκίαν <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>371: c. acc. pers. only, τὸν ἄδικον ἀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>12</span>; τοὺς μὲν ἐκόλαζε, τοὺς δὲ ἠμείβετο <span class="bibl">D.C.74.8</span>: c. acc. et dat. rei, ἀ. εὐεργεσίας χάρισιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.15</span>: c. acc. rei only, χάριν φιλότητος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>134</span>; βροτῶν ἀσυνεσίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1727</span>; τὴν προϋπαρχήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1165a5</span>: rarely c. dat. pers., πολλοῖσι γὰρ κέρδη πονηρὰ ζημίαν ἠμείψατο <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>312</span>: rarely also c. gen. rei compensatae, ἀ. τινα τῆς δικαιοσύνης <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Somn.</span> 15</span>:—mostly, <b class="b2">return good for good;</b> but also, [[bad for good]], φθόνον ἀμειβόμενον τὰ καλὰ ἔργα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>7.17</span>; [[bad for bad]], ἀμείψεται φόνον φόνος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1093</span>; κακὸν κακῷ <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[purchase]], λύχνον <span class="bibl">Lib. <span class="title">Or.</span>45.10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[get in exchange]], <b class="b3">[οὔτοι] νιν</b> (sc. [[Καρθαίαν]]) Βαβυλῶνος ἀμείψομαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Pae.</span>4.16</span>; <b class="b3">θητικοῦ ἀντὶ τέλους ἱππάδ' ἀμειψάμενος</b> Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>7.4</span>; λῴους φρένας τῶν νῦν παρουσῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 737</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> like Act., [[change]] a place, [[pass]] either [[out]] or [[in]], ψυχὴ . . ἀμείψεται ἕρκος ὀδόντων <span class="bibl">Il.9.409</span>; and reversely of things swallowed, φάρμακα . . ἀ. ἕρκ. ὀδ. <span class="bibl">Od.10.328</span>; ἀμειβόμεναι μέγαν οὐδὸν... ἡ μὲν ἔσω . . ἡ δὲ θύραζε <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>749</span>; πατρίδ' ἀμειψάμενος <span class="bibl">Sol.2</span>; ποταμόν <span class="bibl">Simon.94</span>; πρόθυρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>965</span>; πύλας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>752</span>; <b class="b3">γῆν οὐρανοῦ ἀ</b>. [[change]] earth for heaven, Plu.2.607e; ὑπὲρ οὐδὸν ἀμειβόμενον <span class="bibl">Theoc. 2.104</span>; ἄλλην ἐξἄλλης πόλεως ἀμειβόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37d</span>; <b class="b3">ἕτεραδ' ἕτερος ἀμείβεται πήματα</b> [[passes through]] them, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>979</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[exchange]], τὶ πρὸς νόμισμα <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Aem.</span>23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[surpass]], [[outdo]], μελισσᾶν πόνον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>6.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">χεροῖν πίτυλον, ὃς αἰὲν δι' Ἀχέροντ' ἀ. θεωρίδα</b> [[convoys]], [[accompanies]] it, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>856</span>.</span>

|elrutext='''ἀμείβω:''' (aor. [[ἤμειψα]] - дор. ἄμειψα с ᾱμ; aor. med. ἠμειψάμην и [[ἠμείφθην]]; aor. pass. [[ἠμείφθην]])<br /><b class="num">1</b> тж. med. менять(ся), обменивать (τί τινος Hom., Plut. и τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Pind., Eur.): πρός τινά τι ἀ. τινος Hom. выменивать у кого-л. что-л. на что-л.; ἀμείψασθαί τι πρὸς [[νόμισμα]] Plut. вернуть что-л. в обмен на деньги; ἀ. χρῶτα πορφυρᾷ βαφῇ Aesch. принимать пурпурную окраску; μορφὴν ἀμείψας ἐκ θεοῦ βροτησίαν Eur. сменив внешность бога на человеческую; ἀμεῖψαί τινα ἀντὶ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἑαυτοῦ]] Eur. спасти кого-л. ценой своей жизни;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[сменять]], [[чередовать]] ([[ἕως]] ἂν νὶξ ἀμείψηται [[φάος]] Eur.): [[ὀλίγον]] [[γόνυ]] γουνὸς ἀ. Hom. медленно передвигать ноги; преимущ. med. чередоваться, сменяться, перемежаться: ἀ. τι διαδοχαῖς [[χεροῖν]] Eur. передавать что-л. из рук в руки; ἀμείβει καινὸν ἐκ καινῶν [[τόδε]] Eur. вот новое событие приходит на смену недавним; ἐν ἀμείβοντι (sc. χρόνῳ) Pind. попеременно, чередуясь; οἱ [[ἀμείβοντες]] (sc. δοκοί или στρωτῆρες) Hom. кровельные стропила; ἀμειβόμενοι φυλακὰς ἔχον Hom. они посменно несли стражу; ἀμειβόμενος [[προσηύδα]] Hom. он, в свою очередь, сказал (ср. 5);<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[воздавать]], [[отплачивать]] (τινά τινι Hom., реже τινί τι Eur. и τινά τινος Luc.): εὖ τινα δώροισιν ἀμείψασθαι Hom. вознаградить кого-л. богатыми дарами; ἀμείψεται φόνον [[φόνος]] Eur. убийство будет возмездием за убийство; [[χάριν]] τινὶ ἀμεῖψαι Aesch. отблагодарить кого-л.; εὐεργεσίας ἀξίαις χάρισιν ἀμείβεσθαι Xen. достойно отблагодарить за благодеяния; πολλοῖσι κέρδη πονηρὰ ζημίαν ἠμείψατο Eur. многие поплатились за преступную корысть; [[δίδυμα]] [[παλίμποινα]] ἀμεῖψαι Aesch. возместить в двойном размере;<br /><b class="num">4</b> преимущ. med. менять местопребывание, т. е. проходить, переходить, входить или выходить ([[ἄλλην]] ἐξ ἄλλης πόλεως ἀμειβόμενος Plat.): ἀμείψασθαι [[ἕρκος]] ὀδόντων Hom. переступить ограду зубов, т. е. выйти из уст или войти в уста; ἀ. τὰς θύρας Her. переступать (порог) двери, т. е. входить или выходить; ἔξελθ᾽ ἀμείψας τάσδε στέγας Soph. или ἄμειψον δόματα [[τάδε]] Eur. выйди из этого помещения; βίοτον ἀμεῖψαι ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἀμείψασθαι) Aesch. прожить жизнь;<br /><b class="num">5</b> med. [[отвечать]], [[возражать]] (τινα Hom., Eur.): χαλεποῖσιν ἀμείβεσθαι ἐπέεσσιν или μύθοισιν Hom. обмениваться сердитыми речами, перебраниваться; ἀμείβεσθαί τι Her., Eur., Plut. или λόγῳ πρός τι Eur. отвечать на что-л.