πίμπλημι: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=-αμαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to fill]], [[to make full]], intr. [[to fill oneself]], [[to become or be full]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-άνεται</b> 3. sg. (I 679), rare <b class="b3">-άω</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (Hp.), also [[πλήθω]] (intr., late also tr.; ep. poet. Il.). Aor. <b class="b3">πλῆ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, (Il.), intr. <b class="b3">πλῆ-το</b>, <b class="b3">-ντο</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">ἐν-έπλητο</b> etc. (Att.), fut. <b class="b3">πλή-σω</b>, <b class="b3">-σομαι</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">-σθήσομαι</b> (Att.), perf. midd. [[πέπλησμαι]] (IA.), act. [[πέπληκα]] (Att.), intr. [[πέπληθα]] (poet.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-(συν-ανα-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-ανα-</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀντ-εν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρ-εν-</b> a.o.). As 1. member in some governing compp., e.g. [[πλησίστιος]] [[filling the sail]] (Od., E.), [[with full sails]] (Ph., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[πλέως]] (also w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o. to <b class="b3">ἐμ-πίμπλημι</b> etc.), Ion. [[πλέος]], ep. [[πλεῖος]] = <b class="b3">*πλῆος</b>, ntr. [[πλέον]] [[full]] (Il.). On the comp. [[πλείων]] with sup. [[πλεῖστος]] s. esp. -- 2. <b class="b3">πλή-μη</b> f. [[high tide]], [[flood]] (Plb., Str. a.o.), <b class="b3">-σμη</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes. Fr. 217), <b class="b3">-μα πλήρωμα</b> H., <b class="b3">-σμα</b> n. [[fertilisation]] (Arist.); <b class="b3">-σμιος</b> [[saturating]], [[causing tedium]] (Epicur., medic.); <b class="b3">-σμονή</b> f. <b class="b2">fullness, congestion, (over)saturation</b> (IA.; Schwyzer 524, Chantraine Form. 207) with <b class="b3">-σμονώδης</b> (Hp., Gal.), <b class="b3">-σμονικός</b> (Pythag. Ep.) <b class="b2">(over)saturating</b>. On [[πλήμνη]] s. v. -- 3. <b class="b3">πλή-ρης</b> [[full]] (IA.); as 1. member e.g. <b class="b3">πληρο-φορέω</b>  [[fulfill]] (Ctes., LXX, NT, pap.); <b class="b3">πληρό-της</b> f. [[fullness]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">πληρ-όω</b>, very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, [[to make full]], [[to (ful)fill]], [[to finish]], [[to pay fully]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o.) n. [[filling]], [[filling piece]], [[full number]], [[full payment, (full) crew]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> u.a.) f. [[accomplishment]], [[complement]], [[satisfaction]] (IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 128), <b class="b3">-ωτής</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) m. [[finisher]], [[executor]], [[collector]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> a.o.) [[fulfilling]], [[completing]] (Epicur., medic. a. o.). -- 4. <b class="b3">πλῆ-θος</b> n. <b class="b2">fulness, mass (of people), herd</b> (Il., Dor., Arc.); often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">παμ-πληθής</b> [[consisting of a whole mass]], [[very numerous]] (Att.); <b class="b3">-θα</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Locr., Boeot.); <b class="b3">-θύς</b>, <b class="b3">-θύος</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ion. Cret. Locr. hell.; Bechtel Dial. 2, 791f., also Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 110 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 294 f.) with <b class="b3">-θύω</b> [[to be full]], [[to become full]], [[increase]], <b class="b3">-θύνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-θύνω</b> [[to belong to the mass]], [[to agree with it]], [[to augment oneself; to make full]], [[to augment]] (A., Arist., LXX, NT); from it <b class="b3">-θυσμός</b> m. [[increase]] (Procl., Simp.), <b class="b3">-θυντικός</b> [[plural]] (Gramm. a.o.); 5. <b class="b3">πληθ-ώρα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[fulness]], rnedic. [[plethora]], [[full-blooded]] (Ion. hell.; on the secondary barytonesis Wackernagel-Debrunner Phil. 95, 181 f.) with <b class="b3">-ωριάω</b> <b class="b2">suffer from p.</b>. <b class="b3">-ωρικός</b> [[plethoric]] (Gal.), <b class="b3">-ωρέω</b> to [[be full]] (Suid.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [799] <b class="b2">*pleh₁-</b> [[fill]]<br />Etymology: The sigmatic aorist 3. sg. <b class="b3">ἔ-πλησ-ε</b> is (except for the <b class="b3">-ε</b>) identical with Skt. [[á-prās]]: IE <b class="b2">*é-pleh₁s-t</b>; with 1. pl. pres. <b class="b3">πίμ-πλα-μεν</b> agrees also, setting aside the secondary nasalisation of the present, Skt. <b class="b2">pi-pr̥-más</b>: IE <b class="b2">*pi-pl̥-mé(s</b>). Also 3. sg. <b class="b3">πίμ-πλη-σι</b> has a non-Gr. agreement, in Av. [[ham-pā-frāi-ti]] [[fills up]] over against Skt. [[pí-par-ti]] from IE <b class="b2">*pi-pel-ti</b>. Both in Greek and in Iran. came in sing. the langvocalic full grade [[plē-]] after other forms (e.g. the aor. <b class="b2">*é-plēs-</b>) for the prob. older Skt. [[pí-par-ti]]. After the pattern of [[τίθημι]]: [[τίθεμεν]] one made sometimes forms like ptc. pl. f. [[πιμπλεῖσαι]] (Hes.: [[τιθεῖσαι]]). With <b class="b3">πέ-πλη-θ-α</b> cf. still Skt. <b class="b2">pa-prā́</b>([[u]]) (on [[θ]] below). -- The [[r-]]suffix in <b class="b3">πλή-ρης</b> (for older <b class="b3">*πλη-ρο-ς</b>? Schwyzer 513) is both in Arm. [[li-r]] [[fullness]] (from <b class="b2">*plē-r-i-</b>) and in Lat. [[plē-rus]] [[for the greater part]], [[plērī-que]] [[most]] (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.) attested. Also [[πλέως]] from <b class="b3">*πλῆος</b> (= Hom. [[πλεῖος]]), <b class="b3">*πλη-(ι)ος</b> can be equated with Arm. [[li]] [[full]] (better then [[li]] from <b class="b2">*plē-tos</b> = Lat. [[-plētus]] a.o.). The [[m-]]suffix in <b class="b3">πλή-μη</b>, <b class="b3">-μα</b> seems also in Lat. [[plēminābantur replēbantur]] (Gloss.; from <b class="b2">*plēmen</b> = [[πλῆμα]]) to be represented. -- Like <b class="b3">πλῆ-θος</b>: <b class="b3">πλή-θω</b>, <b class="b3">πέ-πλη-θα</b> also <b class="b3">βρῖ-θος</b>: <b class="b3">βρί-θω</b>: <b class="b3">βέ-βρι-θα</b> (s. v. and Schwyzer 511 a. 703); with [[πλῆθος]], <b class="b3">-θύς</b> (on which Schwyzer 463f. and Frisk Eranos 43, 221) one compares Lat. [[plēbēs]] from IE <b class="b2">*plēdhu̯ēs</b> (cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.); well-argued doubts in Ernout-Meillet s. v. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 63f., Pok. 799f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pleō]], Mayrhofer s. [[píparti]]1; older lit. also in Bq. On the Greek form still Schwyzer 689. -- Cf. [[πολύς]], [[πλείων]], [[πλήμνη]].